Death panel

Last updated

Sarah Palin, whose statement originated the phrase 5.3.10SarahPalinByDavidShankbone.jpg
Sarah Palin, whose statement originated the phrase

"Death panel" is a political term that originated during the 2009 debate about federal health care legislation to cover the uninsured in the United States. [1] Sarah Palin, former governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican vice presidential candidate, coined the term when she charged that proposed legislation would create a "death panel" of bureaucrats who would carry out triage, i.e. decide whether Americans—such as her elderly parents, or children with Down syndrome—were "worthy of medical care". [2] Palin's claim has been referred to as the "death panel myth", [3] as nothing in any proposed legislation would have led to individuals being judged to see if they were worthy of health care. [4]

Contents

Palin's spokesperson pointed to Section 1233 of bill HR 3200 which would have paid physicians for providing voluntary counseling to Medicare patients about living wills, advance directives, and end-of-life care options. Palin's claim was reported as false and criticized by the press, fact-checkers, academics, physicians, Democrats, and some Republicans. Some prominent Republicans backed Palin's statement. One poll showed that after it spread, about 85% of respondents were familiar with the charge and of those who were familiar with it, about 30% thought it was true. [3] Owing to public concern, the provision to pay physicians for providing voluntary counseling was removed from the Senate bill and was not included in the law that was enacted, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In a 2011 statement, the American Society of Clinical Oncology bemoaned the politicization of the issue and said that the proposal should be revisited. [5]

For 2009, "death panel" was named as PolitiFact's "Lie of the Year", [6] one of FactCheck's "whoppers", [7] and the most outrageous new term by the American Dialect Society. [8]

Background

Betsy McCaughey Betsy McCaughey.jpg
Betsy McCaughey

On July 16, 2009, former lieutenant governor of New York, Betsy McCaughey, a longtime opponent of federal healthcare legislation [9] [10] said Section 1233 of HR 3200 was "a vicious assault on elderly people" [11] because it would "absolutely require" Medicare patients to have counseling sessions every five years that would "tell them how to end their life sooner". [12] Conservative talk radio hosts including [13] Rush Limbaugh, [12] Sean Hannity and Laura Ingraham repeated McCaughey's claim. [14] The AARP, a non-profit lobby group for retired persons, responded that the sessions were in no way designed to encourage euthanasia, but would instead help seniors make better decisions and would help ensure that their wishes were followed. [12] [15] PolitiFact said the proposal provided Medicare coverage for optional counseling sessions for patients who wanted to learn more about end-of-life-planning. [12]

On July 24, 2009, an op-ed by McCaughey was published in the New York Post . [16] In the piece, which was titled "Deadly Doctors", McCaughey falsely asserted that presidential advisor Ezekiel Emanuel believed disabled people should not be entitled to medical care, and quoted him out of context. [17] [18] On July 27, excerpts from the McCaughey's op-ed were read, with approval, by Representative (Rep.) Michele Bachmann (R-MN) on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. [11] [18] Within days, Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), then the Minority Leader of the House and Rep. Thaddeus McCotter (R-MI), the Republican Policy Committee Chairman, repeated claims that Section 1233 would encourage "government-sponsored" euthanasia, [13] [19] [20] and Rep. Virginia Foxx (R-NC) charged that the proposal would "put seniors in a position of being put to death by their government." [6] [21] On July 30, former Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich, declared that the House bill had "a bias toward euthanasia". [22] [23] The Washington Post reported on August 1, 2009 that the claim had been spreading via "religious e-mail lists" and internet blogs. [13] In early August, members of Congress held town hall meetings that were marked by hostility—including shouting, sporadic, physical altercations and comparisons between the proposed reforms and Nazi Germany. [24]

Palin's initial statement

Sarah Palin, who had been keeping a low profile after her July 3, 2009, resignation announcement as Alaska's Governor, [6] [25] was the first to use the "death panel" term on August 7, 2009. In her first Facebook note, she said: [26] [27] [28]

[G]overnment health care will not reduce the cost; it will simply refuse to pay the cost. And who will suffer the most when they ration care? The sick, the elderly, and the disabled, of course. The America I know and love is not one in which my parents or my baby with Down Syndrome will have to stand in front of Obama's "death panel" so his bureaucrats can decide, based on a subjective judgment of their "level of productivity in society," whether they are worthy of health care. Such a system is downright evil. [29]

Although Palin's post did not identify a portion of legislation she believed mandated "death panels", [2] a spokesperson pointed to HR 3200, Section 1233, [30] [31] [32] and Palin herself followed up in an August 12 Facebook note clarifying her argument by discussing Section 1233. [2] However, neither Section 1233 nor any other provision in any health care bill provided for a system to determine if individuals were worthy of health care. [4] Yet, Palin's charge of "death panels" became believed by about 30% of those surveyed in the U.S. within a week. [33]

Proposed policy

Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) sponsored the bill HR 3200. Earl Blumenauer.jpg
Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) sponsored the bill HR 3200.

Legislation providing for counseling patients on advance directives, living wills and end-of-life care had been on the books for years, however, the laws did not provide for physicians to be reimbursed for giving such counseling during routine physical exams of the elderly. The Patient Self-Determination Act (1991) requires health care providers, including hospitals, hospices and nursing homes to provide information about advance directives to admitted patients. [34] [35] The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act began providing reimbursements for end-of-life care discussions with terminally ill patients in 2003. [36]

A bill to provide for reimbursement every five years for office visit discussions with Medicare patients on advance directives, living wills, and other end of life care issues was proposed by Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) in April 2009—with Republican cosponsors Charles Boustany (R-LA), a cardiovascular surgeon, Patrick Tiberi (R-OH), and Geoff Davis (R-KY). [37] [38] [39] The counseling was to be voluntary and could be reimbursed more often if a grave illness occurred. The legislation had been encouraged by Gundersen Lutheran and a loose coalition of other hospitals in La Crosse, Wisconsin that had had positive experiences with the widespread use of advance directives. [37] [38] [40] [41] Blumenauer's standalone bill was tabled and inserted into the large health care reform bill, HR 3200 as Section 1233 shortly afterward. [37] [42] [43] Supporters of the Section 1233 counseling provision included the American Medical Association (AMA), AARP, the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, and Consumers Union; the National Right to Life Committee opposed "the provision as written". [44] It was removed from the Senate version of the bill due to the death panel controversy [1] and was not included in the reconciled and final bill which became law in March 2010 and which is known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. [19]

In late December 2010, it was reported that a new Medicare regulation had been approved that would pay for end-of-life care consultations during annual physical exams. The regulation was to be effective January 1, 2011, [19] but was deleted on January 4 for political reasons. [45]

Reaction

Protesters referencing the phrase "death panel" at a town hall meeting Protest banners with picture of Obama with Hitler mustache and a death panel sign.jpg
Protesters referencing the phrase "death panel" at a town hall meeting

The "death panel" myth produced widespread reaction among the media, physicians and politicians.

Media

The Economist said the phrase was used as an "outrageous allegation" to confront politicians at town hall meetings during the August 2009 congressional recess. [46] The New York Times said the term became a standard slogan among many conservatives opposed to the Obama administration's health care overhaul. [27] Former Newsweek editor Jon Meacham said it was "a lie crafted to foment opposition to the president's push for reform" [47] and Fox News analyst Juan Williams said "of course there is no such thing as any death panel." [48] The Christian Science Monitor reported that some Republicans used the term as a "jumping-off point" to discuss government rationing of health care services, while some liberal groups applied the term to private health insurance companies. [49] Journalist Paul Waldman of The American Prospect called the "death panel" charge a consequential policy lie, a falsehood about a policy that had definite effects on the policy, a type of lie that is not as condemned in the media as personal lies. [50]

The Daily Telegraph noted that some critics of the U.S. reform used the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)—"as an example of [doing] the sort of drug rationing that amounted to a 'death panel'". NICE, as one of its functions, uses cost-effectiveness analysis to determine whether new treatments and drugs should be available to those covered by Britain's National Health Service. [51] The Sunday Times wrote that Sarah Palin's use of the "death panels" term was a reference to NICE. [52]

Physicians

C. Porter Storey Jr. said the term represents fear that due to financial pressure "some mechanical, governmental method will be used to determine how much of our scarce health care resources will be applied to their situation." [53] Atul Gawande, a surgeon and writer, said that fear of missing out on an expensive life-extending treatment is behind the phrase, but he thought that framing the issue in this way was completely mistaken. "[T]he trouble is not whether we're going to offer a $100,000 drug to help someone get 3 or 4 months"; our big trouble is that patients receive a $100,000 drug that not only yields no benefit—it also causes major side effects that shortens their lives", he said. [54] Gawande said doctor's schedules of 20 minute appointments, a lack of payments and the emotional difficulty of conversations about mortality were barriers to the doctor-patient discussions about end-of-life care issues, which can take about an hour. [55]

Geriatric psychiatrist Paul Kettl said his experience in a geriatric unit showed end-of-life discussions and reimbursements were "desperately needed" as these hour-long conversations are "ignored in the crush of medication and disease management." [56] In the Journal of the American Medical Association , Kettl wrote he was in favor of the "death panels that were originally proposed ... periodic discussions about advance directives that Medicare would pay for as medical visits." [56] Kettl noted that the attention-catching phrase "death panels" became "a lightning rod for objections to a series of ideas about health care besides" end-of-life discussions, and that somehow, "the concept of physicians being paid for time to talk with patients and their families about advance directives  ... generated into the fear of decisions about life and death being controlled by the government." [56] Kettl also wrote that, "We can expect more good medical ideas to be destroyed by sound bites and needless concerns that will be exaggerated. It makes for good television, but bad medicine." [56]

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published a statement in January 2011 advocating an individualized approach to treatment and supportive care for patients with advanced cancer. They stated that there is: [5]

need to recognize the value of these conversations to both our patients and society and the effort such care requires in our reimbursement systems. Currently, our system highly incentivizes delivery of cancer-directed interventions (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and so on) over conversations that are critical to establishing a patient's goals and preferences and providing individualized care. Efforts to compensate oncologists and others for delivering this important aspect of cancer care were unfortunately politicized in the recent health care reform debates, but these efforts had at their core a critical patient-centered societal interest and should be revisited.

Benjamin W. Corn, a cancer specialist, wrote in the New England Journal of Medicine that the "death panels" controversy showed Americans were uneasy discussing topics related to the dying process. Corn said the end-of-life care conversations can have an important positive effect on patients, although some patients may not ever welcome them. Corn also said that certain issues, such as whether experimental therapies should be reimbursed, the possible expansion of hospices, restoring dignity to the process of dying, and guidelines for physician assisted suicide, need to be addressed directly. [26] David Kibbe, a physician, and Brian Klepper, a health care analyst and consultant, wrote, "One of American politics' most disingenuous conceits is that health care must cost what we currently pay. Another is that the only way to make it cost less is to deny care. It has been in industry executives' financial interests to perpetuate these myths". [57]

Politicians

Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) stated that "death panels" were a baseless charge that unnecessarily incited fear and detracted from real problems in the proposed legislation. She said the proposed legislation was "bad enough that we don't need to be making things up." [58] Sen. Johnny Isakson (R-GA), thought there was illogical confusion over "death panels"; he said advance directives put "authority in the individual rather than the government." [59] In July 2010 Rep. Bob Inglis, (R-SC) said that he thought it was counterproductive for the conservative movement for some to promote misinformation about death panels when they do not exist. [60] Rep. Darrell Issa (R-CA) endorsed Rep. Charles Boustany's statement that "medical panels of people who care about what's best for their patients ... is good science and good medicine." [61] Speaking for himself, Issa said "Republicans have to step back from the words 'death panels'." [61] Michael F. Cannon, a former domestic policy analyst for the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee and a member of the Cato Institute, wrote that "[p]aying doctors to help seniors sort out their preferences for end-of-life care is consumer-directed rationing, not bureaucratic rationing." [62]

President Barack Obama cited the charge—along with the citizenship conspiracy theories and "job-killing" allegations—as demagogy against him. [63] In testimony before the United States Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, Erskine Bowles (D), co-chair of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, called "death panels" "a kind of crazy stuff" and added that end-of-life care in the U.S. needed reform. [64] Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) called the references to "death panels" or euthanasia "mind-numbing" and "a terrible falsehood". [65] He thought that the news media contributed to the persistence of the myth by amplifying misinformation and extreme behavior. [66] When a regulation for reimbursing consultation payments was upcoming, Blumenauer cautioned supporters to keep things quiet, reasoning that Republican leaders would attempt to continue the myth. [19]

Palin response

On August 12, 2009, Palin said "the elderly and ailing would be coerced into accepting minimal end-of-life care to reduce health care costs" [31] [65] and charged on Twitter that Britain's National Health Service (NHS) was an evil "death panel", leading to so many replies from British citizens defending the NHS that Twitter crashed. [67] Stephen Hawking, who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), responded by saying "I wouldn't be alive today if it weren't for the NHS." [67]

In a September 2009 speech, Palin said the term was "intended to sound a warning about the rationing that is sure to follow if big government tries to simultaneously increase health care coverage while also claiming to decrease costs." [68] In November 2009 Palin said that Obama was "incorrect" and "disingenuous" when he called the "death panel" charge "a lie, plain and simple." [69] In the National Review she said

[t]o me, while reading that Section of the bill, it became so evident that there would be a panel of bureaucrats who would decide on levels of health care, decide on those who are worthy or not worthy of receiving some government-controlled coverage ... Since health care would have to be rationed if it were promised to everyone, it would therefore lead to harm for many individuals not able to receive the government care. That leads, of course, to death. [6] [70]

She explained that the term should not be taken literally, likening it to when President Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union the "Evil Empire". [70] "He got his point across. He got people thinking and researching what he was talking about. It was quite effective. Same thing with the 'death panels'." [70] Media Matters stated that Palin's claim of "death panels" was "simply false, regardless of whether she meant it literally or figuratively." [71]

In December 2009 Palin warned on Twitter that a merged health care bill could have the "death panels" restored. [72] Palin used the term jokingly while speaking at the 2009 Gridiron Club dinner for journalists, saying it was like being in front of a "death panel". [73]

Newt Gingrich Newt Gingrich by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
Newt Gingrich

Supporters

After Palin's statement, conservative commentators including Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh and Michelle Malkin agreed that death panels were mandated by the proposed legislation. [3] [74] [75] On August 9, former House speaker Newt Gingrich backed Palin's "death panel" charge by saying that the bill created numerous agencies and panels, that government was not to be trusted, and "there clearly are people in America who believe in establishing euthanasia, including selective standards". [4] [76] [77] One week later, Gingrich wrote that the proposed legislation did not provide for government rationing of health care, but it was "all but certain to lead to rationing." [78]

At an August 12, 2009, town hall meeting, Senator Chuck Grassley, the ranking Republican on the Health Care subcommittee said, "living wills ... ought to be done within the family. [36] We should not have a government program that determines you're going to pull the plug on Grandma." [6] Grassley later said that he did not think the provision would grant the government the authority to decide who lives and dies. [79] [80] [81]

Impact

Political

Consultation payments were removed from the Senate version of the bill by the Senate Finance Committee. [1] Time wrote that "a single phrase—'death panels'—nearly derailed health care reform". [82] The Washington Post wrote that "President Obama's health-care initiative was nearly consumed by the furor" over the end-of-life care provision that would allow physician reimbursement for counseling. [37]

By mid-August 2009, about a week after Palin's initial Facebook note, the Pew Research Center reported that 86% of Americans had heard of the "death panels" charge. [3] Out of those who had heard the charge, 30% of people thought it was true while 20% did not know. [3] For Republicans, 47% thought it was true while 23% did not know. [3] Oberlander said the false warnings of a "government takeover" and "death panels" from Republicans drowned out the "Democrats' focus group–tested mantra of 'quality, affordable health care' ". [83] Morone said the White House was not able to offer a "persuasive narrative to counter the Tea Party percussion", and "struggled to recapture public attention", contributing to Republican Scott Brown's election. [84] The election of Brown in the special Senate election in Massachusetts was a surprise victory for Republicans [85] and a setback for the chance of health care reform under Democratic leadership; Brown won the historical Senate seat of the late Democrat Ted Kennedy, ending the Democrat's supermajority of 60 in the Senate.

In September 2010, six months after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, a BBC article stated that among the "sticky charges" that had stuck against the bill was the false charge of "government 'death panels' deciding who can get what sort of care". [86] A survey by the Regence Foundation and National Journal released in 2011 showed 40% of Americans knew that the "death panels" were not in the Affordable Care Act, while 23% said they thought the law allowed government to make end-of-life care decisions on behalf of seniors, and 36% said they did not know. [87]

Other findings from the survey included:

Social

Atul Gawande, a physician who writes on health care topics for The New Yorker , said "that the whole death panel reduction and reaction to it" temporarily "shut down our ability to even have a national discussion about how to have the right [end-of-life] conversation" between doctors and patients. [88]

When investigating for his article "Letting Go", Gawande was asked to refrain from writing about palliative care by physicians who were concerned the article might be manipulated to create another political controversy—and as a result, hurt their profession. [89] [90] Professor Harold Pollack wrote that given the "anxieties captured in the crystalline phrase 'death panel,' I would not commence a national cost-control discussion within the frightening and divisive arena of end-of-life care." [91]

Bishop et al. were fearful of how their publication [92] on CPR/DNR would be received by the medical and bioethics communities. They were concerned because in "the era of rhetoric centered on fictional 'death panels' " their paper addressed "the quest for immortality implicit in US culture, a culture of 'life-at-all costs' that medical technology has advanced". [93] Bishop et al. interpreted cautioning comments from their peers [94] as a suggestion "that land mines of 'death panels' await us". [93]

Media analysis

PolitiFact gave Palin's claim its lowest rating—"Pants on Fire!"—on August 10 [4] and on December 19 it was named "Lie of the Year" for 2009. [6] [95] [96] "Death panel" was named the most outrageous term of 2009 by the American Dialect Society. [8] The definition was given as "A supposed committee of doctors and/or bureaucrats who would decide which patients were allowed to receive treatment, ostensibly leaving the rest to die". [8] [97] FactCheck called it one of the "whoppers" of 2009. [7]

Megan Garber of the Columbia Journalism Review called the topic "irresistible" to reporters because it covered conflict, drama, innuendo, and Sarah Palin. [98] Garber said it was "notoriously challenging for the press to deal with" because the old method of delegitimization, ignoring, was no longer workable. [98] "Debunking rumors without simultaneously sanctioning them has always been a fraught endeavor, with the proliferation of niche media sites over the past several years only rendering that effort even more precarious", said Garber. [98]

A study by Regina G. Lawrence, a communications professor, and Matthew L. Schafer, a Juris Doctor candidate, found that "the mainstream news, particularly newspapers, debunked 'death panels' early, fairly often", however, some journalists presented information in a he said/she said style, often confusing readers, and most did not include an explanation as to why the charge was false. [99] Lawrence and Schafer said that "the dilemma for reporters playing by the rules of procedural objectivity is that repeating a claim reinforces a sense of its validity—or at least, enshrines its place as an important topic of public debate. Moreover, there is no clear evidence that journalism can correct misinformation once it has been widely publicized. Indeed, it didn't seem to correct the death panels misinformation in our study." [99]

In his study of the "death panel" myth, Brendan Nyhan concluded that "once such beliefs take hold, few good options exist to counter them". However, in future such cases he recommended that "concerned scholars, citizens, and journalists ... [could] create negative publicity for the elites who are promoting misinformation", and "pressure the media to stop providing coverage to serial dissemblers." [3] In contrast to the above statements suggesting there is no good method to correct misinformation in the minds of the public, MIT professor Adam Berinsky has found some success when people are exposed to corrective information from sources that belong to the same political party as the misinformer. [100]

Academic analysis

Bioethicist George Annas wrote that America has a "death denying culture that cannot accept death as anything but defeat." We will "prepare for any and every disease and screen for every possible 'risk factor', but we are utterly unable to prepare for death." Annas commended and quoted The Boston Globe columnist Ellen Goodman, who wrote "I think that what our [healthcare] system may need is not more intervention, but more conversation, especially on the delicate subject of dying ... More expensive care is not always better care. Doing everything can be the wrong thing." However, Annas said mythical "death panels" blocked exploring these issues, appearing to affirm Ivan Illich's 1975 Medical Nemesis , when he said " '[s]ocially approved death happens when man [ sic ] has become useless not only as a producer but also as a consumer. It is at this point that [the patient] ... must be written off as a total loss'." [101]

Brent J. Pawlecki, a corporate medical director, said the phrases "death panels" and "killing Grandma" were "used to fuel the flames of fear and opposition". [102] [103] Gail Wilensky, a health adviser to President George H.W. Bush and John McCain who has overseen Medicare and Medicaid, said the charge was untrue and upsetting, adding that "[t]here are serious questions that are associated with policy aspects of the health care reform bills that we're seeing ... And there's frustration because so much of the discussion is around issues like the death panels and Ezekiel Emanuel that I think are red herrings at best." [6] [104] Susan Dentzer, editor of Health Affairs , said Congress' approval of $1.1 billion for comparative effectiveness research in the 2009 stimulus contributed to fear the research would "lead to government rationing" which "fueled the 'death panels' fury of summer 2009." [105]

Brendan Nyhan, a health care policy analyst and assistant professor at Dartmouth College, wrote that "Obama's plan might lead to more restrictive rationing than already occurs under the current health care system", but criticized Palin's statements as largely "unjustified and false". [3] Nyhan also said that labeling institutions "death panels" for denying "coverage at a system level for specific treatments or drugs" was an attempt to "move the goalposts of the debate." [106]

Princeton economics professor Uwe Reinhardt said that it is possible to slightly bend the U.S. health care cost curve down through a lower volume of health care services "by more widespread use of living wills—an idea once actively promoted by Newt Gingrich. But those ideas were met in the past year by dark allusions to 'rationing', to Nazi-style death panels and to 'killing Granny'." [107] [108] Reinhardt said lowering health care costs would require lowering health care incomes, and that such reforms always end up being a political third rail. [107]

Health economist James C. Robinson said the debate over "death panels" showed how willing the public was "to believe the worst about perceived governmental interference with individual choices." [109] Historian Jill Lepore characterized "death panels" as a conspiracy theory that is believed by a minority of the U.S. population and is based on fears that the federal government is conspiring to kill off its weakest members. Of the reform effort, Lepore said it was an "unwelcome reminder of a dreaded truth: death comes to us all"; of the uproar, Lepore said it was a savvy political tactic in that it rallied a party base against death. Lepore also said Obama was "catastrophically outmaneuvered" by the spread of the death panel rumors. [110] Johnathan Oberlander, a professor of health policy, said the Obama administration was "seemingly unprepared for the intense opposition and fury that erupted during town-hall meetings in the summer of 2009." [83] Political scientist James Morone said the term death panel played a role in the Democrats' loss of control over the public debate because they did not address the "underlying fears of big government". Morone called the "death panel" arguments "pungent, memorable, simple, and effective." [84]

Use after August 2009

In response to legislation in Arizona which cut Medicaid funding for previously approved transplants, [111] E.J. Montini of The Arizona Republic used the term, [112] as did Keith Olbermann of MSNBC. [113] Montini referred to Republican Governor Jan Brewer as "Governor Grim Reaper" and both Brewer and the Republican-controlled legislature as a "death panel". [114] An editorial by USA Today said, "to the extent that death panels of a sort do exist, they're composed of state officials who must decide whether each state's version of Medicaid will cover certain expensive, potentially life-saving treatments." [115]

Palin expanded her "death panel" attack to target the precursor of the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB), a potential cost-cutting mechanism for Medicare, in September 2009. [116] [117] After the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform released its recommendation to strengthen the IPAB, which had passed as part of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), she later charged that the board was " 'death panel'-like". [118] FactCheck found her characterization of the board wrong on three counts. [119] Representative Phil Roe (Republican-Tennessee), who has twice sponsored bills to eliminate the IPAB, said he would associate the term with the IPAB. [116] Roe was described by The Washington Post as "a kindred soul by the medical industry" in part for his legislative efforts against the IPAB and a "magnet during the last election for more than $90,000 in contributions from medical professionals from across the country". [120] [121] Rep. Phil Gingrey (Republican-Georgia), an OB/GYN, issued a statement, described by PolitiFact as outrageous, [122] that was in line with the "death panels" narrative. [123] [124]

In March 2010, Democratic Rep. Barney Frank (MA) was quoted as saying "There are going to be death panels enacted by the Congress this year, but they're death panels for large financial institutions" [125] and later in the same year he used the term in reference to authority under the Dodd–Frank Bill. [126]

Later that month, after the Affordable Care Act as amended by the Senate passed the House, conservative commentator David Frum made a widely-read post to his blog criticizing Republicans for their steadfast opposition to the bill over the previous year and a half. There had been congressional Republicans willing to work with Democrats, he said, but they had refrained from doing so out of fear of political reprisals from the Tea Party and other elements of the conservative base that had been regularly encouraged by talk radio and Fox News to believe the worst of the bill. "How do you negotiate with somebody who wants to murder your grandmother? Or—more exactly—with somebody whom your voters have been persuaded to believe wants to murder their grandmother?" he asked, alluding to the alleged death panels. [127]

In November 2010, Paul Krugman said he was deliberately provocative on This Week, calling for "death panels and sales taxes" to fix the budget deficit. Krugman clarified that "health care costs will have to be controlled, which will surely require having Medicare and Medicaid decide what they're willing to pay for—not really death panels, of course, but consideration of medical effectiveness and, at some point, how much we're willing to spend for extreme care." [128]

In his 2011 book, former governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee wrote that the Federal Coordinating Council for Comparative Effectiveness from the 2009 stimulus were the seeds from which "the poisonous tree of death panels will grow." [129] Media Matters called this a "lie"; it reported that Huckabee mischaracterized the council and that it was eliminated in the 2010 health care reform. [130] [131] Paul Van de Water of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, said "Huckabee seems to be suggesting that we shouldn't do research to find out what medical procedures work best just because that research could conceivably be misused. The new law makes every effort to assure that won't happen." [130]

Critics of the United Kingdom's handling of certain medical cases, such as the cases of Charlie Gard (2017) and Alfie Evans (2018), have used the term "death panel" to describe those who made the decision to pull life support. [132] [133]

In 2018 Democratic socialist New York congressional candidate (later U. S. Representative) Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said on Twitter, "Actually, we have for-profit 'death panels' now: they are companies + boards saying you're on your own bc they won't cover a critical procedure or medicine, Maybe if the GOP stopped hiding behind this 'socialist' rock they love to throw, they'd actually engage on-issue for once." [134]

In November 2018 the podcast Death Panel was launched. The podcast was originally hosted by Beatrice Adler-Bolton, Artie Vierkant, Vince Patti, and Phil Rocco and covers politics, culture, and public policy from the left on a twice-weekly basis. [135]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the podcast Chapo Trap House often referred to the lack of hospital space in countries heavily afflicted by the crisis as having death panels. [136] On the same day the referenced Chapo episode released (March 23, 2020), an article from The New York Times opinions section came out titled "Here Come The Death Panels" by Michelle Goldberg. [137] This piece refers to the "lie" shared by Palin in 2009 and makes an opposing case about hospital patients in the United States not getting certain procedures they need depending on their condition. [138] Two days later on March 25; the podcast Intercepted from The Intercept and Jeremy Scahill released an episode titled "Capitalist Death Panels: If Corporate Vultures Get Their Way, We'll Be Dead". [139] On July 23, it was reported that, due to insufficient hospital capacity, Starr County, Texas would be forced to adopt "critical care guidelines", wherein critically ill patients would be "sent home to die"; the move was criticized as the creation of a "real death panel". [140] [141]

See also

Related Research Articles

Socialized medicine is a term used in the United States to describe and discuss systems of universal health care—medical and hospital care for all by means of government regulation of health care and subsidies derived from taxation. Because of historically negative associations with socialism in American culture, the term is usually used pejoratively in American political discourse. The term was first widely used in the United States by advocates of the American Medical Association in opposition to President Harry S. Truman's 1947 health care initiative. It was later used in opposition to Medicare. The Affordable Care Act has been described in terms of socialized medicine, but the act's objective is rather socialized insurance, not government ownership of hospitals and other facilities as is common in other nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Betsy McCaughey</span> American politician

Elizabeth Helen McCaughey, is an American politician who was the lieutenant governor of New York from 1995 to 1998, during the first term of Governor George Pataki. She unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor after Pataki dropped her from his 1998 ticket, and she ended up on the ballot under the Liberal Party line. In August 2016 the Donald Trump presidential campaign announced that she had joined the campaign as an economic adviser.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michele Bachmann</span> American politician (born 1956)

Michele Marie Bachmann is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 2007 until 2015. A member of the Republican Party, she was a candidate for president of the United States in the 2012 election, but lost the Republican nomination to Mitt Romney.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarah Palin</span> American politician (born 1964)

Sarah Louise Palin is an American politician, commentator, author, and reality television personality who served as the ninth governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009. She was the 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee under U.S. Senator John McCain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ezekiel Emanuel</span> American oncologist and bioethicist

Ezekiel Jonathan "Zeke" Emanuel is an American oncologist and bioethicist. He is a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. He is the current Vice Provost for Global Initiatives at the University of Pennsylvania and chair of the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy. Previously, Emanuel served as the Diane and Robert Levy University Professor at Penn. He holds a joint appointment at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Wharton School and was formerly an associate professor at the Harvard Medical School until 1998 when he joined the National Institutes of Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Berwick</span> American government official

Donald M. Berwick is a former Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Prior to his work in the administration, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement a not-for-profit organization.

Healthcare reform in the United States has a long history. Reforms have often been proposed but have rarely been accomplished. In 2010, landmark reform was passed through two federal statutes: the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), signed March 23, 2010, and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, which amended the PPACA and became law on March 30, 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political positions of Sarah Palin</span> Categorization of political opinions expressed by Sarah Palin

Sarah Palin is an American politician, commentator and author who served as the ninth Governor of Alaska from 2006 to 2009. She was the Republican Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 presidential election alongside Arizona Senator John McCain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public image of Sarah Palin</span>

Sarah Palin, while serving as Governor of Alaska, was nominated as the first female candidate of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States. Following the nomination, her public image came under close media scrutiny, particularly regarding her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and a perceived lack of experience. Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination. A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports just after the Republican National Convention in the first week of September 2008 found that Palin was more popular than either Barack Obama or John McCain; however, this perception later reversed. At the same time, Palin became more popular among Republicans than McCain. A February 2010 ABC News/Washington Post poll showed 71% of Americans felt Palin lacked the qualifications necessary to be President of the United States.

The history of health care reform in the United States has spanned many decades with health care reform having been the subject of political debate since the early part of the 20th century. Recent reforms remain an active political issue. Alternative reform proposals were offered by both of the major candidates in the 2008, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections.

The healthcare reform debate in the United States has been a political issue focusing upon increasing medical coverage, decreasing costs, insurance reform, and the philosophy of its provision, funding, and government involvement.

The proposed America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 was an unsuccessful bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on July 14, 2009. The bill was introduced during the first session of the 111th Congress as part of an effort of the Democratic Party leadership to enact health care reform. The bill was not approved by the House, but was superseded by a similar bill, the proposed Affordable Health Care for America Act, which was passed by the House in November 2009, by a margin of 220-215 votes but later abandoned.

Healthcare rationing in the United States exists in various forms. Access to private health insurance is rationed on price and ability to pay. Those unable to afford a health insurance policy are unable to acquire a private plan except by employer-provided and other job-attached coverage, and insurance companies sometimes pre-screen applicants for pre-existing medical conditions. Applicants with such conditions may be declined cover or pay higher premiums and/or have extra conditions imposed such as a waiting period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PolitiFact</span> American nonprofit fact-checking website

PolitiFact.com is an American nonprofit project operated by the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida, with offices there and in Washington, D.C. It began in 2007 as a project of the Tampa Bay Times, with reporters and editors from the newspaper and its affiliated news media partners reporting on the accuracy of statements made by elected officials, candidates, their staffs, lobbyists, interest groups and others involved in U.S. politics. Its journalists select original statements to evaluate and then publish their findings on the PolitiFact.com website, where each statement receives a "Truth-O-Meter" rating. The ratings range from "True" for statements the journalists deem as accurate to "Pants on Fire" for claims the journalists deem as "not accurate and makes a ridiculous claim".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress</span>

Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, discussed his plan for health care reform in a speech delivered to a joint session of the 111th United States Congress on September 9, 2009 at 8:00 PM (EDT). The speech was delivered to Congress on the floor of the chamber of the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi presided over the joint session and was accompanied by the President of the United States Senate, Joe Biden, the Vice President of the United States. Energy Secretary Steven Chu was chosen as the designated survivor and did not attend the speech.

There were a number of different health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration. Key reforms address cost and coverage and include obesity, prevention and treatment of chronic conditions, defensive medicine or tort reform, incentives that reward more care instead of better care, redundant payment systems, tax policy, rationing, a shortage of doctors and nurses, intervention vs. hospice, fraud, and use of imaging technology, among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Affordable Care Act</span> U.S. federal statute also known as Obamacare

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and colloquially as Obamacare, is a landmark U.S. federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010</span> United States law

The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 is a law that was enacted by the 111th United States Congress, by means of the reconciliation process, in order to amend the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The law includes the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act, which was attached as a rider.

The Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB) was to be a fifteen-member United States government agency created in 2010 by sections 3403 and 10320 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which was to have the explicit task of achieving specified savings in Medicare without affecting coverage or quality. Under previous and current law, changes to Medicare payment rates and program rules are recommended by MedPAC but require an act of Congress to take effect. The system creating IPAB granted IPAB the authority to make changes to the Medicare program with the Congress being given the power to overrule the agency's decisions through supermajority vote. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 repealed IPAB before it could take effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political positions of Paul Ryan</span>

The political positions of Paul Ryan, the U.S. representative from Wisconsin's 1st congressional district from 1999 to 2019 and the 54th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019, were generally conservative, with a focus on fiscal policy. Ryan was Chairman of the House Budget Committee from 2011 to 2015 and of Ways and Means in 2015. Ryan was the Republican nominee for Vice President as the running mate of Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Christi Parsons; Andrew Zajac (August 14, 2009). "Senate committee scraps healthcare provision that gave rise to 'death panel' claims; Though the claims are widely discredited, the Senate Finance Committee is withdrawing from its bill the inclusion of advance care planning consultations, calling them too confusing". Los Angeles Times.
  2. 1 2 3 Justin Bank (August 14, 2009). "Palin vs. Obama: Death Panels". FactCheck. Annenberg Public Policy Center. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brendan Nyhan (2010). "Why the "Death Panel" Myth Wouldn't Die: Misinformation in the Health Care Reform Debate" (PDF). The Forum. 8 (1). Berkeley Electronic Press. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.692.9614 . doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1354. S2CID   144075499. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Drobnic Holan, Angie (August 10, 2009). "Sarah Palin falsely claims Barack Obama runs a 'death panel'". PolitiFact. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  5. 1 2 Peppercorn JM, Smith TJ, Helft PR, et al. (January 2011). "American Society of Clinical Oncology Statement: Toward Individualized Care for Patients With Advanced Cancer". J Clin Oncol . 29 (6): 755–60. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.1744. PMID   21263086. Archived from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Angie Drobnic Holan (December 19, 2009). "PolitiFact's Lie of the Year: 'Death panels'". PolitiFact. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  7. 1 2 FactCheck staff (December 24, 2009). "Whoppers of 2009—We review the choicest falsehoods from a year that kept us busy". FactCheck. University of Pennsylvania: Annenberg Public Policy Center. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 Charles E. Carson (2010). "Among the new words" (PDF). American Speech . 85 (3). American Dialect Society: 352–65. doi:10.1215/00031283-2010-020.
  9. Jim Rutenberg; Jackie Calmes (August 13, 2010). "False 'Death Panel' Rumor Has Some Familiar Roots". The New York Times.
  10. Jim Dwyer (August 25, 2009). "Distortions on Health Bill, Homegrown". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  11. 1 2 David Saltonstall (August 13, 2009). "Ex-pol goes for the jugular. Former Lt. Gov. McCaughey leads 'death panel' charge". New York Daily News . p. 5.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "McCaughey claims end-of-life counseling will be required for Medicare patients". PolitiFact. St. Petersburg Times. July 23, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  13. 1 2 3 Ceci Connolly (August 1, 2009). "Proposed Counseling for Seniors in Health Plan Spurs New Battle". The Washington Post. p. A.1.
  14. "Epistemic closure and political disinformation". The Economist . May 5, 2010. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  15. Joel Connelly (September 9, 2009). "Obama fights fear in Wednesday health care speech". Seattlepi.com . Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  16. Betsy McCaughey (July 24, 2009). "DEADLY DOCTORS – O ADVISERS WANT TO RATION CARE". The New York Post. Archived from the original (Opinion) on December 14, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  17. Jim Rutenberg (September 4, 2009). "Resurfacing, a Critic Stirs Up Debate Over Health Care". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  18. 1 2 Jim Rutenberg (August 24, 2009). "Bioethicist Becomes a Lightning Rod for Criticism". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Robert Pear (December 25, 2010). "Obama Returns to End-of-Life Plan That Caused Stir". The New York Times.
  20. Jess Henig; with Lori Robertson (July 29, 2010). "False Euthanasia Claims". FactCheck.org .
  21. Christi Parsons (August 10, 2009). "Democrats take sterner line against health care misinformation". The Oklahoman. McClatchy - Tribune News Service . Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  22. Richard Mial (August 13, 2009). "A momentary lapse in necessary skepticism". McClatchy - Tribune Business News .
  23. Newt Gingrich (July 2, 2009). "Health Care Rx: Across the Country, Some Systems Are Getting It Right". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011.
  24. Ian Urbina (August 7, 2009). "Beyond Beltway, Health Debate Turns Hostile". The New York Times.
  25. "In brief: Wire reports". The Herald . The McClatchy Company. August 8, 2009. Former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin called President Barack Obama's health plan "downright evil" Friday in her first online comments since leaving office, saying in a Facebook posting that he would create a "death panel" that would deny care to the neediest Americans.
  26. 1 2 Corn BW (December 2009). "Ending end-of-life phobia – a prescription for enlightened health care reform". N. Engl. J. Med. 361 (27): e63. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0909740. PMID   20018960.
  27. 1 2 Mark Leibovich (September 12, 2010). "The Wish for a Conservative Dream Duo". The New York Times.
  28. Jay Newton-Small (December 9, 2010). "Palin in Progress: What Does She Want?". Time . Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  29. Sarah Palin (August 7, 2009). "Statement on the Current Health Care Debate". Facebook. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  30. America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 (PDF) Archived July 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Library of Congress . Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  31. 1 2 Robert Farley (August 13, 2009). "Palin claims Obama misled when he said end-of-life counseling is voluntary". St. Petersburg Times .
  32. Tapper, Jake (August 7, 2009). "Palin Paints Picture of 'Obama Death Panel' Giving Thumbs Down to Trig". abcnews.com. ABC News. Archived from the original on February 8, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  33. Rob Brotherton (November 19, 2015). Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 187. ISBN   978-1-4729-1564-1.
  34. Clinton Thomas (August 30, 2009). "Four small words, so much controversy". St. Joseph News-Press .
  35. Catherine Godbey (August 30, 2009). "Death panels or end-of-life care? Hospice of the Valley weighs in on issue". The Decatur Daily . Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
  36. 1 2 "Rachel Maddow says Republicans Chuck Grassley, John Boehner and John Mica flip-flopped on end-of-life counseling". PolitiFact.com . August 14, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Alec MacGillis (September 4, 2009). "In Wisconsin, A Pioneering Program; The Unwitting Birthplace of the 'Death Panel' Myth". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012.
  38. 1 2 Kathy Keily; Mimi Hall (August 18, 2009). "End-of-life counseling started with bipartisan support". USA Today. p. A.4.
  39. Michelle Goldberg (August 4, 2009). "The Health-Care Lie Machine". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
  40. Kim Underwood; Richard Craver (August 13, 2009). "Seeing through the myths of a health-care overhaul". Winston-Salem Journal . Associated Press. p. A.1.
  41. Zeytinoglu M (June 2011). "Talking it out: helping our patients live better while dying". Ann. Intern. Med. 154 (12): 830–2, W–300. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00011. PMID   21690597. S2CID   31637435.
  42. Joseph Shapiro (November 16, 2010). "Intrepid Reporter Faces, Survives 'Death Panel'". NPR's Heath Blogs. National Public Radio.
  43. Alec MacGillis (October 17, 2011). "Newt's Personal Hypocrisy on 'Death Panels'". The New Republic . Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  44. "AP Fact Check: No 'Death Panel' In Bill; Health Care Proposal Allows Medicare to Pay for Counseling on End-of-Life Issues". CBS News . Associated Press. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  45. Robert Pear (January 4, 2011). "U.S. Alters Rule on Paying for End-of-Life Planning". The New York Times.
  46. "United States: Friend or foe?; The politics of health reform". The Economist. Vol. 392, no. 8644. August 15, 2009. p. 24.
  47. Jon Meacham (September 12, 2009). "I Was a Teenage Death Panelist". Newsweek . 154 (12): 8. PMID   19806816.
  48. "Debt Deal?". Finance Wire. FDCH/eMedia. July 15, 2011. © Fox News Network.
  49. Peter Grier (August 21, 2009). "'Death panel' controversy remains very much alive; Even some conservatives call the issue bogus. Meanwhile, the healthcare debate shifts to 'rationing.'". The Christian Science Monitor .
  50. "Political Lies and the Press". On the Media . October 15, 2010. NPR. WNYC. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
  51. Nick Allen; Andrew Hough (August 16, 2010). "US breast cancer drug decision 'marks start of death panels'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
  52. Oakeshott, Isabel, Hospitals to be told to make patients happy Archived April 6, 2023, at the Wayback Machine , Sunday Times, September 13, 2009
  53. Meier DE, Casarett DJ, von Gunten CF, Smith WJ, Storey CP (February 2010). "Palliative medicine: politics and policy". J Palliat Med . 13 (2): 141–6. doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.9852. PMID   20043709.
  54. "Atul Gawande on end-of-life counseling". Need to Know. February 8, 2011. 8 minutes in. PBS. YouTube. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  55. "Atul Gawande on end-of-life counseling". Need to Know. February 8, 2011. 6 and 9 minutes in. PBS. YouTube. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  56. 1 2 3 4 Kettl P (April 2010). "One Vote for Death Panels". JAMA . 303 (13): 1234–5. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.376. PMID   20371773.
  57. Brian Klepper and David Kibbe (August 1, 2011). Rethinking The Value Of Medical Services Health Affairs . Accessed August 24, 2011.
  58. Lisa Demer (August 12, 2009). "Murkowski: Don't tell lies about health bill; Some things in the legislation are already bad enough, she says at civic center". Anchorage Daily News . p. A.1. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010.
  59. Ezra Klein (August 10, 2009). "Is the Government Going to Euthanize your Grandmother? An Interview With Sen. Johnny Isakson". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on March 28, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  60. "The Politics Of Anger". NPR . July 18, 2010.
  61. 1 2 Alicia Mundy (December 9, 2010). "Republican targets use of costly medical devices". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  62. Michael F. Cannon (August 19, 2009). "Sorry Folks, Sarah Palin Is (Partly) Right". The Detroit Free Press. reprinted by the Cato Institute . Retrieved December 7, 2010.
  63. Peter Baker (June 18, 2011). "Hip, Hip — if Not Hooray — for a Standstill Nation". The New York Times.
  64. Jill Burcum (November 2, 2011). "Short take: Health care spending". Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  65. 1 2 "Palin stands by 'death panel' claim". USA Today. Associated Press. August 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  66. Earl Blumenauer (November 14, 2009). "My Near Death Panel Experience". The New York Times.
  67. 1 2 Jason Beattie (August 14, 2009). "NHS receives[sic] battle cry from PM after attack from right-wing Americans". Mirror News. Retrieved August 24, 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  68. Alex Frangos; Tatiana Lau (September 23, 2009). "Excerpts of Sarah Palin's Speech to Investors in Hong Kong". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  69. Alan B. Goldberg; Katie N. Thomson (November 16, 2009). "Sarah Palin: I Want to Play a Major Role in National Politics, 'If People Will Have Me' Former Alaska Gov. Tells Barbara Walters President Obama is "Incorrect" and "Disingenuous" on "Death Panels"". ABC News. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
  70. 1 2 3 Rich Lowry (November 17, 2009). "The Rogue, on the Record". National Review.
  71. Eric Schroeck Taranto Offers Up Weak Defense Of Palin's "Death Panel" Lie Archived February 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Media Matters February 3, 2011.
  72. Jordan Fabian (December 22, 2009). "Sarah Palin: 'Death panels' may be in final healthcare reform bill". The Hill . Retrieved September 18, 2011.
  73. Andrew Clark (December 6, 2009). "It's the way she tells them: Sarah Palin jokes with journalists". The Guardian . London. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  74. Michelle Malkin (August 9, 2009). "Death panels? What death panels? Oh, those death panels". MichelleMalkin.com. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  75. BBC News staff (August 12, 2009). "Bloggers debate British healthcare". BBC News. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  76. "Transcript: Newt Gingrich and Howard Dean". This Week . ABC News. August 9, 2009. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012.
  77. Howard Kurtz (August 24, 2009). "Journalists, Left Out of The Debate; Few Americans Seem to Hear Health Care Facts". The Washington Post. p. C.1.
  78. Newt Gingrich (August 16, 2009). "Healthcare rationing: Real scary; Concerns about government bureaucracies gaining oversight of your treatment are not misplaced. We need reforms, but the answer is not central planning". Los Angeles Times .
  79. Perry Bacon (August 15, 2009). "Back in Iowa, Grassley Is the Talk of the Town Halls". The Washington Post.
  80. "Obama's deal". Frontline . 32 minutes in. PBS. PETER BAKER: Once they sort of lost Grassley, they lost arguably their last chance to really get a bipartisan bill. Transcript
  81. Terry Irwin (December 21, 2009). "Gregg's concerns don't add up: On health care, he's just obstructionist". Concord Monitor . Retrieved September 10, 2011. Then Sen. Chuck Grassley endorsed the blatantly false 'death panel' charge, destroying any illusion of his bipartisanship.[ permanent dead link ]
  82. Michael Scherer (March 4, 2010). "The White House Scrambles to Tame the News Cyclone". Time. Archived from the original on March 7, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  83. 1 2 Jonathan Oberlander (June 2010). "Long time coming: why health reform finally passed". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (6): 1112–6. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0447 . PMID   20530339. The administration ... was seemingly unprepared for the intense opposition and fury that erupted during town-hall meetings in the summer of 2009. The Democrats' focus group–tested mantra of 'quality, affordable health care' was drowned out by Republicans' false warnings of 'death panels' and a 'government takeover'
  84. 1 2 James A. Morone (June 2010). "Presidents and health reform: from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (6): 1096–100. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0420. PMID   20530336.
  85. Abby Goodnough (October 18, 2011). "Candidate's Fighting Words Draw G.O.P.'s Fire". The New York Times .
  86. Katie Connolly (September 22, 2010). "Why healthcare reform has been a tough sell". BBC News. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
  87. 1 2 Matthew DoBias (March 8, 2011). "No Death Panels, Please, But Poll Shows Americans Can Handle End-of-Life Chat". National Journal . Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  88. "Dr. Gawande on End-of-Life Issues, 'Death Panels'". On Point . January 5, 2011.
  89. Atul Gawande (August 2, 2010). "Letting Go: What should medicine do when it can't save your life?". The New Yorker .
  90. "New Studies in Palliative Care". The Diane Rehm Show. August 24, 2010. 21 minutes in. NPR.
  91. Harold Pollack (July 17, 2011). "It's Not Just The Money: Cost Control In Cancer Care (Guest Opinion)". Kaiser Health News . Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  92. Bishop JP, Brothers KB, Perry JE, Ahmad A (January 2010). "Reviving the conversation around CPR/DNR". Am J Bioeth . 10 (1): 61–7. doi:10.1080/15265160903469328. PMID   20077345.
  93. 1 2 Bishop JP, Brothers KB, Perry JE, Ahmad A (January 2010). "Finite knowledge/finite power: 'death panels' and the limits of medicine". Am J Bioeth . 10 (1): W7–9. doi:10.1080/15265160903493070. PMID   20077324. S2CID   36810889.
  94. Scripko PD, Greer DM (January 2010). "Practical considerations for reviving the CPR/DNR conversation". Am J Bioeth. 10 (1): 74–5. doi:10.1080/15265160903460889. PMID   20077349. S2CID   13457030.
  95. Susan Davis (December 22, 2009). "Palin's 'Death Panels' Charge Named 'Lie of the Year'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  96. "The Year In Lies". All Things Considered . NPR. December 18, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  97. "'Tweet' 2009 Word of the Year, 'Google' Word of the Decade, as voted by American Dialect Society" (PDF). American Dialect Society. January 8, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  98. 1 2 3 Megan Garber (August 18, 2009). "Health Care and Wikipedia". Columbia Journalism Review . Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  99. 1 2 Matthew L. Schafer; Regina G. Lawrence (May 23, 2011). "Two Years Later: The Media Response to Death Panels and Why It's Still Important". lippmann would roll. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  100. Adam Berinsky (June 14, 2011). Rumors, truths, and reality: A study of political misinformation (draft version)
  101. George J. Annas (2010). Worst case bioethics: death, disaster, and public health. Oxford University Press. pp. 12–4. ISBN   978-0-19-539173-2.
  102. J. Brent Pawlecki (2010). "End of life: a workplace issue". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (1): 141–6. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0481. PMID   20048373.
  103. "Insight Forums: Dr. Brent J. Pawlecki". Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  104. Jim Rutenberg; Gardiner Harris (September 2, 2009). "Conservatives See Need for Serious Health Debate". The New York Times.
  105. Susan Dentzer (October 2010). "Comparative Effectiveness: Coherent Health Care At Last?". Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (10): 1756. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0900. PMID   20921471.
  106. Brendan Nyhan.Continuing efforts to justify false "death panels" claim August 17, 2010. Accessed January 15, 2011.
  107. 1 2 Uwe Reinhardt (September 24, 2010). "The Perennial Quest to Lower Health Care Spending". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  108. Uwe Reinhardt (August 17, 2009). "End-of-Life Care: Addendum". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
  109. Robinson JC (October 2010). "Comparative effectiveness research: from clinical information to economic incentives" (PDF). Health Aff (Millwood). 29 (10): 1788–95. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0605. PMID   20921477. S2CID   6015539.
  110. Jill Lepore (November 30, 2009). "The Politics of Death" . The New Yorker. Vol. 85, no. 39. pp. 60–7. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  111. Lacey, Marc (December 2, 2010). "Arizona Cuts Financing for Transplant Patients". The New York Times.
  112. John Gramlich (March 29, 2011). "Brewer reconsiders organ transplants". McClatchy - Tribune Business News . Democrats have painted the action by the majority Republican Legislature as an unconscionable budget decision, and one local columnist, E.J. Montini of The Arizona Republic, has repeatedly taken state leaders to task in his columns. Montini refers to Republican Governor Jan Brewer as 'Governor Grim Reaper' while blasting the Legislature as a 'death panel,' leading to complaints from elected officials.
  113. Tommy Christopher (January 11, 2011). "The 'New Tone' in Action: Keith Olbermann Forswears 'Death Panel' in Arizona Transplant Segment". Mediaite . Retrieved October 10, 2011.
  114. Yes, Gov. Brewer, Arizona does have a death panel Arizona Republic December 9, 2010
  115. USA Today (January 6, 2011). "Our view on health care: Nonsense about 'death panels' springs back to life". USA Today . Retrieved April 1, 2011.
  116. 1 2 Suzy Khimm (January 27, 2011). "It's Alive! GOPers Resurrect 'Death Panels'". Mother Jones . Retrieved February 8, 2011.
  117. Sarah Palin Obama and the Bureaucratization of Health Care The Wall Street Journal Sept. 8, 2009
  118. Palin, Sarah, Why I Support the Ryan Roadmap, The Wall Street Journal, December 10, 2010.
  119. Eugene Kiely; Dangelo Gore; Viveca Novak (December 23, 2010). "Let the distortions begin; A sneak preview of what to expect as 2012 comes into focus". FactCheck.org . Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  120. R. Jeffery Smith Health-related money continues to flow to members of Congress The Washington Post. February 6, 2011.
  121. Dr. Roe Introduces Legislation to Eliminate the Independent Payment Advisory Board: HR 452 – The Medicare Decisions Accountability Act Archived February 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Press Release. January 26, 2011.
  122. "Gingrey claims federal health care board can decide if you get dialysis, chemo". PolitiFact.com . August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  123. Glenn Kessler (June 24, 2011) Are Medicare patients 'going to die' under Obama's health law? The Washington Post. Accessed June 28, 2011.
  124. Rick Ungar (June 24, 2011) GOP Returns To 'Death Panels' Narrative In Desperate Effort To Change The Medicare Story Forbes. Accessed June 28, 2011.
  125. Jay Fitzgerald (March 25, 2010). "Democrats plan push on bank reform". Boston Herald. p. 24.
  126. Christopher Condon (October 25, 2010). "Frank Says 'Death Panels' Await Failing Banks Under Law Bearing His Name". Bloomberg . Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  127. Frum, David (March 21, 2010). "Waterloo". FrumForum. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  128. Paul Krugman (November 17, 2010). "Death Panels and Sales Taxes". The New York Times.
  129. "Mike Huckabee: 'Death Panels' Will Grow From Stimulus-Planted Seeds". Huffington Post. March 10, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  130. 1 2 Mike Huckabee's Latest Lie: "Death Panels" Archived March 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Media Matters March 9, 2011. Accessed April 1, 2011.
  131. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Government Printing Office. p. 747. Accessed April 1, 2011.
  132. "Trump Seizes Moral High Ground in Charlie Gard Case - Rasmussen Reports®". m.rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  133. "LETTERS, May 1: 'Death panels' at work in England". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  134. @AOC (December 2, 2018). "Actually, we have for-profit "death panels" now: they are companies + boards saying you're on your own bc they won't cover a critical procedure or medicine. Maybe if the GOP stopped hiding behind this "socialist" rock they love to throw, they'd actually engage on-issue for once" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  135. "Death Panel Podcast". deathpanel.net.
  136. "Ep. 404 'Mother Mother Please!'". Soundcloud. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  137. Goldberg, Michelle (March 24, 2020). "Opinion | Here Come the Death Panels". The New York Times.
  138. "Cancer, heart surgeries delayed as coronavirus alters care". Associated Press . April 20, 2021.
  139. "Intercepted Podcast: Capitalist Death Panels". March 25, 2020.
  140. Koop, Chacour (July 24, 2020). "COVID-19 patients will be 'sent home to die' if deemed too sick, Texas county says". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  141. "Texas hospital forced to set up 'death panel' as Covid-19 cases surge". The Guardian. July 26, 2020.


Further reading