Demyansky District

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Demyansky District
Демянский район(Russian)
Location of Demyansky District (Novgorod Oblast).svg
Location of Demyansky District in Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 57°38′N32°28′E / 57.633°N 32.467°E / 57.633; 32.467 Coordinates: 57°38′N32°28′E / 57.633°N 32.467°E / 57.633; 32.467
Kunianka.JPG
Confluence of the Kunyanka and Yavon Rivers in Demyansky District
Coat of Arms of Demyanskiy rayon (Novgorod oblast).png
Flag of Demyansky rayon (Novgorod oblast).png
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Novgorod Oblast [1]
Administrative structure (as of February 2013)
Administrative center work settlement of  Demyansk [1]
Administrative divisions: [2]
Urban-type settlements 1
Settlements 7
Inhabited localities: [2]
Urban-type settlements [3] 1
Rural localities 230
Municipal structure (as of March 2013)
Municipally incorporated asDemyansky Municipal District [4]
Municipal divisions: [4]
Urban settlements1
Rural settlements7
Statistics
Area (municipal district) 3,200 km2 (1,200 sq mi) [5]
Population (2010 Census) 13,001 inhabitants [6]
• Urban41.3%
• Rural58.7%
Density 4.06/km2 (10.5/sq mi) [7]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00) [8]
EstablishedOctober 1, 1927 [9]
Official website
Demyansky District on WikiCommons

Demyansky District (Russian : Демянский район) is an administrative [1] and municipal [4] district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Krestetsky District in the north, Valdaysky District in the northeast, Firovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Maryovsky District in the southwest, Starorussky District in the west, and with Parfinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,200 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). [5] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Demyansk. [1] Population: 13,001 (2010 Census); [6] 16,020 (2002 Census); [10] 18,488 (1989 Census). [11] The population of Demyansk accounts for 41.3% of the district's total population. [6]

Russian language East Slavic language

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although, nowadays, nearly three decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia, the rise of state-specific varieties of this language tends to be strongly denied in Russia, in line with the Russian World ideology.

A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is from the French "rayon", which is both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district".

Administratively, Novgorod Oblast is divided into three cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-one districts.

Contents

Geography

The Yavon River in the village of Peski Yavon.JPG
The Yavon River in the village of Peski

Demyansky District is located in the Valdai Hills. As typical for the region, the east of the district contains many lakes. The biggest ones are Lake Seliger, which the district shares with Tver Oblast, and Lake Velyo, shared with Valdaysky District. Lake Seliger and adjacent areas belong to the basin of the Volga River. The western part of the district lies in the basin of the Pola River and its tributaries, the biggest of which are the Polomet and the Yavon. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the drainage basin of the Msta River. The divide between the basins of the Atlantic Ocean (to which the Pola and the Msta belong) and the Caspian Sea (to which Lake Seliger belongs) thus runs through the district. 12% of the district's territory is occupied by the Valdaysky National Park, which protects forests and lakes in the Valdai Hills and includes Lake Seliger.

Valdai Hills mountain range

The Valdai Hills are an upland region in the north-west of central Russia running north-south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts.

Lake Seliger lake

Seliger is a lake in Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast and, in the extreme northern part, in Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast of Russia, in the northwest of the Valdai Hills, a part of the Volga basin. It has the absolute height of 205 metres (673 ft), the area of 212 square kilometres (82 sq mi), and the average depth of 5.8 metres (19 ft).

Drainage basin Area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet

A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water. The drainage basin includes all the surface water from rain runoff, snowmelt, and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the groundwater underneath the earth's surface. Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another common outlet.

History

The area was a part of Derevskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod Republic. [12] The fortress of Demon, which protected the waterway from Lake Ilmen upstream the Pola and the Yavon to Lake Seliger, was first mentioned in a 1406 chronicle. The fortress was located close to the boundary between the Novgorod Republic and the Grand Duchy of Moscow and it was besieged by Muscovite troops at least twice. The Muscovites did not manage to conquer Demon in 1441, but in the 1470s they were more successful and managed to conquer and destroy the fortress. After the subsequent fall of Novgorod, Demon was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 17th century, Demon went into decline and a new settlement—known initially as Demyansky Pogost and later as Demyansk—was founded nearby. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. Between 1772 and 1824, Demyansk was a part of Starorussky Uyezd of Novgorod Viceroyalty (since 1796 of Novgorod Governorate). In 1824, it was chartered and became the seat of Demyansky Uyezd, which was split from Starorussky Uyezd. [13]

Novgorod Republic former country

The Novgorod Republic or Novgorodian Rus' was a medieval East Slavic state from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the northern Ural Mountains, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of modern Russia. Citizens referred to their city-state as "His Majesty Lord Novgorod the Great", or more often as "Lord Novgorod the Great". The Republic prospered as the easternmost port of the Hanseatic League and its Slavic, Baltic and Finnic people were much influenced by the culture of the Viking-Varangians and Byzantine people.

Grand Duchy of Moscow country which existed in 1283–1547

The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow was a Rus' principality of the Late Middle Ages centered around Moscow, and the predecessor state of the Tsardom of Russia in the early modern period.

The administrative division reform of 1708 was carried out by Russian Tsar Peter the Great in an attempt to improve the manageability of the vast territory of Russia. Prior to the reform, the country was subdivided into uyezds and volosts, and in the 17th century the number of the uyezds was 166.

In August 1927, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Demyansky District, with the administrative center in the town Demyansk, [14] was established within Novgorod Okrug of Leningrad Oblast effective October 1, 1927. [9] It included parts of former Demyansky and Starorussky Uyezds. [14] At the same time, the town of Demyansk was demoted to a rural locality (a selo ). [14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. [15] On January 1, 1932, Polnovo-Seligersky District was abolished and merged into Demyansky District. [16] Between September 9, 1941 and February 21, 1943, Demyansky District was occupied by German troops. [14] The district was the area of fierce battles, and, in 1942 in particular, some German troops were encircled but subsequently managed to break out. On July 5, 1944, Demyansky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast, [14] where it remained ever since. On December 10, 1962, a part of Polavsky District was merged into Demyansky District. [17] Between February 1, 1963 and January 12, 1965, the district was transformed into Demyansky Rural District, [18] as a part of Nikita Khrushchev's abortive administrative reforms. On February 1, 1963, most of Molvotitsky District's territory was merged into Demyansky Rural District, but on December 30, 1966, the merger was reverted. [19] Also on February 1, 1963, Lychkovsky District was split and merged into Demyansky Rural District and Krestetsky Industrial District. [20]

Leningrad Oblast First-level administrative division of Russia

Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position. The oblast was named after the city of Leningrad. Unlike the city, the oblast retains the name of Leningrad.

Nazi Germany The German state from 1933 to 1945, under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler

Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state that controlled nearly all aspects of life via the Gleichschaltung legal process. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", the first two being the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918). The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

Demyansk Pocket military operation from 8 February – 20 May 1942

The Demyansk Pocket was the name given to the pocket of German troops encircled by the Red Army around Demyansk, south of Leningrad, during World War II on the Eastern Front. The pocket existed mainly from 8 February to 21 April 1942. A much smaller force was surrounded in the Kholm Pocket at the town of Kholm, about 100 km (62 mi) to the southwest. Both resulted from the German retreat following their defeat during the Battle of Moscow.

Economy

Industry

There are no large industrial enterprises in the district. The existing enterprises serve timber and food industries. [5]

Agriculture

As of 2011, there were seven collective farms and fourteen mid-scale private farms operating in the district and specializing on both animal husbandry and horticulture. [5]

Animal husbandry Management, selective breeding, and care of farm animals by humans

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock.

Horticulture branch of agriculture involving plants

Horticulture has been defined as the culture of plants for food, comfort and beauty. A more precise definition can be given as "The cultivation, processing, and sale of fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornamental plants, and flowers as well as many additional services". It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture. In contrast to agriculture, horticulture does not include large-scale crop production or animal husbandry.

Transportation

A railway which connects Bologoye and Pskov via Staraya Russa crosses the district from east to west. The main station within the district is Lychkovo.

Demyansk is located on the road connecting Yazhelbitsy and Staraya Russa. There are also local roads.

Lake Seliger is navigable.

Culture and recreation

Knyazhaya Gora Kniazhna gora.jpg
Knyazhaya Gora

The district contains 1 cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally 231 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. [21] The federal monument is the "Knyazhaya Gora" (The Prince Hill) archaeological site.

Demyansk is home of the Demyansky District Museum. [5]

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Krestetsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

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Maryovsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

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Moshenskoy District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

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Okulovsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

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Parfinsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

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Poddorsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Poddorsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Volotovsky District in the north, Starorussky District in the northeast, Maryovsky District in the east, Kholmsky District in the south, Bezhanitsky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and with Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,952 square kilometers (1,140 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Poddorye. District's population: 4,645 (2010 Census); 5,610 ; 6,820 (1989 Census). The population of Poddorye accounts for 40.0% of the district's total population.

Shimsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Shimsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Batetsky District in the north, Novgorodsky District in the northeast, Starorussky District in the southeast, Volotovsky District in the south, Soletsky District in the southwest, Strugo-Krasnensky and Plyussky Districts, both of Pskov Oblast, in the west, and with Luzhsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,836 square kilometers (709 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Shimsk. Population: 11,750 (2010 Census); 13,312 ; 13,477 (1989 Census). The population of Shimsk accounts for 33.1% of the district's total population.

Soletsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Soletsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Shimsky District in the north, Volotovsky District in the east, Dnovsky District of Pskov Oblast in the south, Porkhovsky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and with Strugo-Krasnensky District of Pskov Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 1,400 square kilometers (540 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Soltsy. Population: 15,714 (2010 Census); 18,626 ; 20,011 (1989 Census). The population of Soltsy accounts for 64.2% of the district's total population.

Starorussky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Starorussky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Parfinsky District in the east, Demyansky and Maryovsky Districts in the southeast, Poddorsky District in the southwest, Volotovsky District in the west, and with Shimsky District in the northwest. From the north, the district is limited by Lake Ilmen. The area of the district is 3,111 square kilometers (1,201 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Staraya Russa. Population: 15,063 (2010 Census); 16,214 ; 18,505 (1989 Census).

Valdaysky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Valdaysky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Okulovsky District in the north, Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in the east, the territory of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Ozyorny of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Firovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Demyansky District in the southwest, and with Krestetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,701.63 square kilometers (1,043.11 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Valday. Population: 26,476 (2010 Census); 29,943 ; 32,373 (1989 Census). The population of Valday accounts for 60.8% of the district's total population.

Volotovsky District District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Volotovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Shimsky District in the north, Starorussky District in the east, Poddorsky District in the south, Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, Dnovsky District of Pskov Oblast in the west, and with Soletsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 995 square kilometers (384 sq mi), which makes it the smallest district in the oblast.= Its administrative center is the rural locality of Volot. District's population: 5,493 (2010 Census); 6,106 ; 7,058 (1989 Census). The population of Volot accounts for 40.7% of the district's total population.

Maryovo Selo in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Maryovo is a rural locality and the administrative center of Maryovsky District of Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the south of the oblast, on the Maryovka River, a tributary of the Pola River. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Maryovskoye Rural Settlement. Population: 2,297 (2010 Census); 2,631 (2002 Census); 2,797 (1989 Census).

Poddorye Selo in Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Poddorye is a rural locality and the administrative center of Poddorsky District of Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the southwest of the oblast, on the Redya River, a left tributary of the Lovat River. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Poddorskoye Rural Settlement. Population: 1,860 (2010 Census); 1,957 (2002 Census); 2,122 (1989 Census).

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Law #559-OZ
  2. 1 2 Resolution #121
  3. ↑ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
  4. 1 2 3 Law #397-OZ
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 История района (in Russian). Администрация Демянского муниципального района. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  7. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value is only approximate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  8. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time , as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  9. 1 2 Snytko et al., p. 85
  10. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  12. ↑ Историческая справка (in Russian). Официальный сайт Администрации Демянского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
  13. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 26
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Snytko et al., pp. 101–102
  15. ↑ Snytko et al., pp. 87–88
  16. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 133
  17. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 225
  18. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 173
  19. ↑ Snytko et al., pp. 195–196
  20. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 184
  21. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

Sources

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