Diorygma antillarum

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Diorygma antillarum
Diorygma antillarum - Flickr - pellaea (1).jpg
in Fakahatchee Strand, Florida, USA
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Diorygma
Species:
D. antillarum
Binomial name
Diorygma antillarum
(Vain.) Nelsen, Lücking & Rivas Plata (2012)
Synonyms [1]
  • Chiodecton antillarumVain. (1915)
  • Herpothallon antillarum(Vain.) Aptroot, Lücking & G.Thor (2009)

Diorygma antillarum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. [2] It is common and widespread in the Neotropical realm, primarily found on trees in the shady understory and in slightly illuminated habitats of lowland to montane rainforests. It produces norstictic acid and salazinic acid. [3]

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1915 by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio, who initially classified it in the genus Chiodecton . [4] The type specimen was collected in 1803 by the American botanist Stephen Elliott from the Laudat Mountain in the Lesser Antilles (now Dominica) at an elevation of 1,700 m (5,600 ft). André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Göran Thor proposed a transfer to Herpothallon when they resurrected that genus in 2009. [3]

The genus Herpothallon typically includes crustose- byssoid species with a heteromerous thallus and isidia-like structures. These structures, while superficially resembling true isidia, lack cortices and thus referred to as isidia-like. Herpothallon species are mostly sterile, with mature asci known from only a few taxa. Molecular data has shown that H. antillarum does not align closely with the type species of Herpothallon ( H. rubrocinctum ) in the family Arthoniaceae. Instead, H. antillarum is closely related to species within the genus Diorygma (Graphidaceae). The presence of a carbonised , fragile hypothallus in H. antillarum, a feature common in Diorygma species, along with its production of salazinic and norstictic acids, supports this reclassification. These chemical compounds are not typical for Herpothallon but are found in Diorygma. Further phylogenetic analyses confirmed that H. antillarum belongs to the Graphidaceae, specifically within the subfamily Graphidoideae. For these reasons, Matthew Nelsen, Lücking, and Eimy Rivas Plata transferred the taxon to Diorygma in 2012. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.

<i>Fissurina</i> Genus of fungi

Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.

<i>Diorygma</i> Genus of lichens

Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Diorygma microsporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It has a neotropical distribution, and has been collected in Florida, Colombia, Brazil, and India. Notable for its small ascospores, this lichen thrives in undisturbed rainforests and serves as an indicator of forest health.

<i>Graphis plumierae</i> Species of lichen

Graphis plumierae is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 1915 by Finnish mycologist Edvard Vainio. The type was collected in Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. In 2016, G. plumierae was reported from Portugal, which was also a new occurrence for Europe.

<i>Herpothallon</i> Genus of lichens

Herpothallon is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It has about 50 species.

Wirthiotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Eimy Rivas Plata, Klaus Kalb, Andreas Frisch, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with Wirthiotrema glaucopallens assigned as the type species. Wirthiotrema contains species that were formerly considered part of the Thelotrema glaucopallens species group. The genus name honours lichenologist Volkmar Wirth, "for his numerous outstanding contributions to lichenology".

Rhabdodiscus is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has 36 species.

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<i>Heiomasia</i> Genus of fungi

Heiomasia is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has five species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidales</span> Order of lichen-forming fungi

Graphidales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 6 families, about 81 genera and about 2,228 species. Family Graphidaceae are the largest crustose family within Graphidales order comprising more than 2000 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Clandestinotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 17 species. They typically inhabit montane and cloud forest at higher elevations in the tropics.

Herpothallon rubromaculatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in tropical rainforests of Peru and Venezuela, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologist Göran Thor. It contains neodiffractic acid as a major lichen product, and confluentic acid as a minor component.

Herpothallon pustulatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologist Göran Thor. It is found in montane forests in Costa Rica, Brazil, and Venezuela. It contains confluentic acid as its major lichen product along with trace amounts of several other substances.

Herpothallon minimum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Originally described from specimens collected in Costa Rica, the lichen was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Robert Lücking. It is also found in Africa and South America, in lower-elevation mountainous rainforests. Herpothallon minimum is the only species of Herpothallon that produces the substance 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid as its major secondary metabolite.

Herpothallon globosum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in São Tomé and Príncipe, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologist Göran Thor. It contains psoromic acid and chiodectonic acid as major lichen products. The lichen is known only from two old collections made by Moller in 1885, at altitudes of 1,200 and 1,500 m. The species epithet refers to its numerous globose (spherical) and unbranched isidia.

Herpothallon echinatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) or lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Originally described from specimens collected in Costa Rica, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologists André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Susan Will-Wolf. It has also been recorded from a few locations in Asia and Australasia. It contain psoromic acid as a major lichen product.

Herpothallon confusum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologist Göran Thor. It contains confluentic acid and 2'-O-methylevernic acid as major lichen products, evernic acid as a minor metabolite, and trace amounts of chiodectonic acid. The lichen is only known from a couple of documented collections made in lowland rainforests.

Herpothallon confluenticum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Originally described from specimens collected in Thailand, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Robert Lücking. The lichen has also been recorded in other localities in Asia, Australia, and South America. It contains confluentic acid as a major lichen product.

Herpothallon brialmonticum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in Suriname, it was formally described as new to science in 2009 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and John Elix. The species epithet refers to the three novel lichen products found in the lichen: brialmontic acid, methylbrialmontic acid, and dimethylbrialmontic acid. In addition to these compounds, all related to brialmontin 2, the lichen also has confluentic acid as a major secondary metabolite. This neotropical lichen is only known to occur at the type locality.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Diorygma antillarum (Vain.) Nelsen, Lücking & Rivas Plata, Bryologist 115(2): 318 (2012)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  2. ↑ "Diorygma antillarum (Vain.) Nelsen, Lücking & Rivas Plata". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  3. 1 2 Aptroot, A.; Thor, G.; Lücking, R.; Elix, J.A.; Chaves, J.L. (2009). Aptroot, André; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Sparrius, Laurens B. (eds.). The lichen genus Herpothallon reinstated. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 99. J. Cramer. pp. 19–66. ISBN   978-3-443-58078-0.
  4. ↑ Vainio, E.A. (1915). "Additamenta ad lichenographiam Antillarum illustrandum" [Supplements to the illustration of the lichenography of the Antilles]. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae (in Latin). 6 (7): 169.
  5. ↑ Nelsen, M.P.; Lücking, R.; Andrew, C.J.; Rivas Plata, E.; Chaves, J.L.; Caceres, M. (2012). "Dismantling Herpothallon: Herpothallon antillarum (Arthoniomycetes: Arthoniaceae) is a member of the genus Diorygma (Lecanoromycetes: Graphidaceae)". The Bryologist. 115 (2): 313–321. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-115.2.313. JSTOR   23321031.
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