The accusative case is a linguistics term for a grammatical case relating to how some languages typically mark a direct object of a transitive verb. Among those languages, analogous marking principles often apply to the objects of prepositions. The characteristics of an accusative case often entail what generally is termed the nominative case.
In grammar, the ablative case is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses. The word "ablative" derives from the Latin ablatus, the (irregular) perfect, passive participle of auferre "to carry away". The ablative case is found in ancient languages such as Latin and Sanskrit, as well as modern languages like Albanian, Armenian, Turkish, Turkmen, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Hungarian. There is no ablative case in modern Germanic languages such as German and English. There was an ablative case in the early stages of Ancient Greek, but it quickly fell into disuse by the classical period.
In grammar, the genitive case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus, indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can also serve purposes indicating other relationships. For example, some verbs may feature arguments in the genitive case; and the genitive case may also have adverbial uses.
In grammar, the inessive case is a locative grammatical case. This case carries the basic meaning of "in": for example, "in the house" is "talo·ssa" in Finnish, "maja·s" in Estonian, "куд·са" (kud·sa) in Moksha, "etxea·n" in Basque, "nam·e" in Lithuanian, "sāt·ā" in Latgalian and "ház·ban" in Hungarian.
In grammar, the elative case is a locative grammatical case with the basic meaning "out of".
In grammar, the illative case is a grammatical case used in the Finnish, Estonian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Hungarian languages. It is one of the locative cases, and has the basic meaning of "into ". An example from Hungarian is "a házba". An example from Estonian is "majasse" and "majja", formed from "maja". An example from Finnish is "taloon", formed from "talo". An example from Lithuanian is "laivan" formed from "laivas" (boat). An example from Latvian is "laivā" formed from "laiva" (boat).
In grammar, an adessive case is a grammatical case generally denoting location at, upon, or adjacent to the referent of the noun; the term is most frequently used in Uralic studies. In Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of "on". For example, Estonian laud (table) and laual, Hungarian asztal and asztalnál. It is also used as an instrumental case in Finnish.
In grammar, the allative case is a type of locative grammatical case. The term allative is generally used for the lative case in the majority of languages that do not make finer distinctions.
In grammar, the essive case, or similaris case, is a grammatical case. The essive case on a noun can express it as a definite period of time during which something happens or during which a continuous action was completed. It can also denote a form as a temporary location, state of being, or character in which the subject was at a given time. The latter meaning is often referred to as the equivalent of the English phrase "as a __".
In grammar, the translative case is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X " or "change to X ".
In grammar, the instructive case is a grammatical case used in the Finnish, Estonian, and Turkish languages.
In grammar, the prolative case, also called the vialis case, prosecutive case, traversal case, mediative case, or translative case, is a grammatical case of a noun or pronoun that has the basic meaning of "by way of" or "via".
In grammar, the terminative case is a case specifying a limit in space and time and also to convey the goal or target of an action.
In grammar, the delative case is a grammatical case in the Hungarian language which originally expressed the movement from the surface of something, but has also taken on several other meanings, some of which are related to the original.
In grammar, the term sublative case is used to refer to grammatical cases expressing different situations: In Hungarian and Finnish, it expresses the destination of the movement, originally to the surface of something, but in other figurative meanings as well, or into a language, while in Tsez and other Northeast Caucasian languages it denotes a movement towards the bottomsides or the area under an object. The sublative case is used in the Finnish, Tsez and Hungarian languages.
The distributive-temporal case specifies when and how often something is done.
In grammar, lative is a grammatical case which indicates motion to a location. It corresponds to the English prepositions "to" and "into". The lative case belongs to the group of the general local cases together with the locative and separative case. The term derives from the Latin lat-, the participle stem of ferre, "to bring".
The exessive case is a grammatical case that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of Finnic languages. It completes the series of "to/in/from a state" series consisting of the translative case, the essive case and the exessive case.
A determiner, also called determinative, is a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. That is, a determiner may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, etc. Common kinds of determiners include definite and indefinite articles, demonstratives, possessive determiners, cardinal numerals, quantifiers, distributive determiners, and interrogative determiners (which).
Finnish is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, both Finnish and Meänkieli are official minority languages. The Kven language, which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in Norway's Finnmark by a minority group of Finnish descent.
