Dominic Pezzola | |
---|---|
Nationality | American |
Known for | First to breach the U.S. Capitol building on January 6, 2021 |
Criminal charges | Obstructing law enforcement, Conspiring to obstruct the counting of the electoral votes [1] |
Criminal status | Previously sentenced to 10 years in federal prison and 3 years of supervised release. As of January 20, 2025, President Trump commuted Pezzola’s sentence, and he has been released. [2] |
Dominic Pezzola is an American convicted felon [3] and member of the Proud Boys who participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, a violent attack at the U.S. Capitol. On January 20, 2025, President Trump commuted his sentence to time served. He is best known for stealing a police riot shield and using it to break a Capitol window on January 6, 2021, making him the first rioter to breach the building. [4] Indicted in 2021, on federal charges, he was tried in 2023 alongside Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio and his key lieutenants, Ethan Nordean, Joseph Biggs, and Zachary Rehl. In May 2023, following a five-month jury trial, Pezzola was convicted of obstructing a congressional proceeding, assaulting a police officer, and other crimes. He was acquitted of seditious conspiracy, the most serious charge (of which all his co-defendants were convicted). The jury deadlocked on other charges against Pezzola, including conspiring to obstruct the counting of the electoral votes. [1] [5]
Prosecutors sought 20 years for Pezzola, who used a stolen police shield to enable the first Capitol breach. [6] Pezzola was sentenced to 10 years in prison on September 1, 2023. [7] Pezzola was incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Complex, Butner in North Carolina. On January 20, 2025, his sentence was commuted to time served by President Donald Trump. [8]
Pezzola is a resident of Rochester, New York. He graduated from The Aquinas Institute of Rochester in 1995. Classmates later described him as an "aloof, angry guy" who was a talented boxer and who frequently got into fights. [9]
After graduation, Pezzola enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. [10] An infantry assaultman, he served from 1998 to 2005. [9] He was honorably discharged at the rank of corporal. [11]
At the time of his arrest in January 2021, he owned a flooring company. [10]
According to Vice News , in the years before his arrest, many of his Facebook friends reported that he was posting increasingly racist and extremist content, and many of them unfriended him. [9]
Pezzola was present at a violent pro-Trump rally in Washington, D.C., on December 12, 2020. [10] During extensive street fighting in the aftermath, four people were stabbed, two police officers were injured, and 23 people were arrested. [12]
Pezzola was a fairly new member of the Proud Boys at the time of the January 6 insurrection. [1] In his subsequent criminal trial in 2023, Pezzola's attorney called his common-law wife as a character witness; she testified that Pezzola had joined the Proud Boys in late 2020, after becoming increasingly isolated and obsessed with right-wing politics in mid-2020. [13] She testified that "He started drinking very heavily and inundated himself with Fox News day and night." [13]
According to federal prosecutors, Pezzola was among a group of about 100 Proud Boys who gathered near the Washington Monument at about 10:00 a.m. on January 6, 2021, led on the scene by Ethan Nordean. They had no intention of listening to Donald Trump's speech at The Ellipse. They were dressed incognito instead of in their customary black and yellow garb. Their alleged plan was to "split up into groups, attempt to break into the Capitol building from as many different points as possible, and prevent the Joint Session of Congress from certifying the Electoral College results." [14]
According to prosecutors, during the riot Pezzola "ripped away" an officer's riot shield, and in a "video that has been widely distributed, [15] [16] used it to smash through a window on the exterior of the Capitol building, [17] making him the first rioter to breach the building. [4] An FBI witness said that Pezzola had "bragged about breaking the windows to the Capitol and entering the building" and that Pezzola had "said that anyone they got their hands on they would have killed," including Nancy Pelosi [9] and Mike Pence. [10] According to Politico , "Images of Pezzola smashing the Capitol window quickly proliferated after the attack and became a symbol of the brazen assault on Congress, which forced lawmakers and then-Vice President Mike Pence to flee for safety." [18]
Pezzola was arrested nine days after the attack on the Capitol. [10] On the same day, investigators executed a search warrant of Pezzola's home. [19] They seized a thumb drive that contained instructions on the manufacture of homemade firearms, explosives, and poisons. [19] The contents of the thumb drive were one reason why Pezzola was held in pretrial detention. [19] [20] Pezzola unsuccessfully argued in court papers (asking to be released on bond) that he had been duped by Donald Trump. [19]
Pezzola's actions were discussed extensively at the Trump's second impeachment, for incitement of insurrection. Congressional delegate Stacey Plaskett said "Pezzola came to the Capitol on January 6 with deadly intentions," adding "He commandeered a Capitol Police shield, used it to smash a glass window, entered the Capitol, and paved the way for dozens of insurrectionists." [21]
On February 18, 2021, Pezzola's attorney filed a motion for a modification of Pezzola's bond, which included the statement that Pezzola was considering a guilty plea, saying, "Pezzola has indicated his desire to begin disposition negotiations and acceptance of responsibility for his actions." [21] On February 25, Assistant U.S. Attorney Erik Kenerson announced that charges of domestic terrorism would be added against Pezzola, describing it as a crime that "is calculated to influence or affect the conduct of government by intimidation or coercion, or to retaliate against government conduct," adding "At the entrance to the Capitol itself, Pezzola was not just on the front lines, but first to breach a window so successfully that he and other rioters could enter the Capitol through it". [22]
In March 2021, a federal judge denied Pezzola's attorneys' motion seeking their client's release on bail; Pezzola thus remained detained pending trial. [23]
In June 2022, charges of seditious conspiracy were added against Pezzola. Prosecutors said the goal of the conspiracy was "to oppose the lawful transfer of presidential power by force." Pezzola was accused of "encouraging Proud Boys members to attend the January 6 protests, participating in meetings and encrypted conversations in Washington, D.C., to plan the attack, using communications equipment to coordinate the attack as it happened, directing, mobilizing, and leading the crowd onto Capitol grounds and inside the building, dismantling barricades, destroying property and assaulting police." [24]
In October 2022, Pezzola was among 33 jailed January 6 defendants who signed a petition asking to be transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba, claiming that the food and medical care was better there and that prisoners there had more religious freedom. [25]
The trial for Pezzola and his four co-defendants began on December 19, 2022. [26] Testimony in the trial began on March 2, 2023, and concluded on April 20. [27] Pezzola and Rehl were the only two to take the stand to testify in their own defense. [28] [29] In his testimony, Pezzola first told the jury that he wanted "to take responsibility for my actions on January 6" but later lashed out on cross-examination, downplaying the violence. [29] Pezzola admitted that he was wearing a hat on which was written "Respect is earned, beatings are free" during the riot. He also admitted that he lied to the FBI regarding whether one of his co-defendants had a firearm during the riot. He called the trial "phony" and "corrupt," arguing that he was speaking metaphorically when he said he was willing to fight for the Proud Boys, comparing his past remarks to "how I'm fighting this corrupt trial with these fake charges." [30]
On May 4, 2023, following a three-month trial and 30 hours of jury deliberation, Pezzola was convicted of multiple charges, including obstruction of a Congressional proceeding, civil disorder, assaulting an officer, robbing an officer and destroying the window. The jury acquitted him of the most serious charge, seditious conspiracy, although his four co-defendants were convicted of that crime. The jury deadlocked on other charges against Pezzola, including conspiring to obstruct the counting of the electoral votes. [1] [5]
On September 1, 2023, Pezzola was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison [2] and three years supervised release, [31] less than half of the 20 years that prosecutors had sought. [32] [33] In his tearful plea for leniency to the court, Pezzola said he had given up politics, telling the judge, "Your honor, I stand before you as a changed and humbled man." However, minutes after his sentence was handed down, [34] [35] and U.S. District Judge Timothy Kelly had left the courtroom, Pezzola, as he was being escorted out of the courtroom by U.S. Marshals, reversed his earlier stated positions of having given up politics and of having been deceived by Trump. Raising his fist and with a smile, shouted, "Trump won!", [36] [37] repeating Trump's unfounded claim of election fraud, which had led to the Capitol riot. [38]
On January 20, 2025, after beginning his second term in office, President Trump commuted Pezzola's sentence. Notably, Pezzola was one of the few individuals charged with crimes related to January 6th to not be granted a full pardon. Pezzola's attorney confirmed that he had been released from prison the following day. [39]
Oath Keepers is an American far-right anti-government militia whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the government of the United States, including the transfer of presidential power as prescribed by the United States constitution. It was incorporated in 2009 by founder Elmer Stewart Rhodes, a lawyer and former paratrooper. In 2023, Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years for seditious conspiracy for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, and another Oath Keepers leader, Kelly Meggs, was sentenced to 12 years for the same crime. Three other members have pleaded guilty to this crime, and four other members have been convicted of it.
Seditious conspiracy is a crime in various jurisdictions of conspiring against the authority or legitimacy of the state. As a form of sedition, it has been described as a serious but lesser counterpart to treason, targeting activities that undermine the state without directly attacking it.
The Proud Boys is an American far-right, neo-fascist militant organization that promotes and engages in political violence. The group's leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the federal government of the United States, including its constitutionally prescribed transfer of presidential power. It has been called a street gang and was designated as a terrorist group in Canada and New Zealand. The Proud Boys are opposed to left-wing and progressive groups and support President Donald Trump. While Proud Boys leadership has denied being a white supremacist organization, the group and some of its members have been connected to white supremacist events, ideologies, and other white-power groups throughout its existence.
Timothy James Kelly is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and former chief counsel for national security and senior crime counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Henry "Enrique" Tarrio is an American convicted seditionist and far-right activist. From 2018 to 2021, he was the chairman of the Proud Boys, a neo-fascist organization that promotes and engages in political violence in the United States. Along with three other Proud Boys leaders, Tarrio was convicted in May 2023 of seditious conspiracy for his role in the 2021 United States Capitol attack. In September 2023, Tarrio was sentenced to 22 years in prison, before being pardoned by U.S. president Donald Trump following his return to office on January 20, 2025.
Joseph Randall Biggs is an American veteran, media personality, organizer of the Proud Boys, and convicted felon who participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack.
Elmer Stewart Rhodes III is an American former attorney and founder of the Oath Keepers, an American far-right anti-government militia. In November 2022, he was convicted of seditious conspiracy and evidence tampering related to his participation in the January 6 United States Capitol attack culminating at the main campus of the United States Capitol complex. On May 23, 2023, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison before having his sentence commuted to time served by President Donald Trump following his return to office on January 20, 2025. Rhodes was released from federal prison on January 21, 2025.
On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., was attacked by a mob of supporters of then-president Donald Trump in an attempted self-coup, two months after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. They sought to keep him in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the Electoral College votes to formalize the victory of the president-elect Joe Biden. The attack was unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan House select committee that investigated the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election. Within 36 hours, five people died: one was shot by the Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes, including a police officer who died of natural causes a day after being assaulted by rioters. Many people were injured, including 174 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months. Damage caused by attackers exceeded $2.7 million.
Ethan Nordean, also known as Rufio Panman, is an American far-right political activist, convicted felon and a leader of the Proud Boys, an all-male neo-fascist organization that engages in political violence.
The investigation of the rioters who attacked the U.S. Capitol building was the largest criminal probe in U.S. history. Four years after the attack, everyone involved received clemency from President Donald Trump.
Corruptly obstructing, influencing, or impeding an official proceeding is a felony under U.S. federal law. It was enacted as part of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 in reaction to the Enron scandal, and closed a legal loophole on who could be charged with evidence tampering by defining the new crime very broadly.
1776 Returns is the title of a document that outlined strategic plans for the takeover of US government buildings on January 6, 2021. It was circulated among the Proud Boys organization. The nine-page document was sent to Enrique Tarrio, chairman of the Proud Boys, one week before the January 6 United States Capitol attack, by a Miami-based cryptocurrency promoter named Eryka Gemma Flores, who was romantically linked to Tarrio.
Kelly Meggs is an American convicted felon who previously led the Oath Keepers' Florida chapter. He was found guilty of seditious conspiracy following his forced entry into the United States Capitol during the January 6 United States Capitol attack. Meggs was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Hours after his inauguration on 20 January 2025, Donald Trump commuted his sentence to time served. On January 24, 2025, he and seven others Oath Keepers were forbidden by the D.C. District Court from entering Washington D.C or the grounds of the Capitol without the permission of the court order.
Jeremy Bertino is an American former member of the Proud Boys who testified against Enrique Tarrio during his trial for seditious conspiracy for his role in the 2021 United States Capitol attack. Bertino was the first Proud Boys member to plead guilty to the same charge. On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump commuted his sentence to "time served".
Jessica Marie Watkins is a transgender American militia founder and former Oath Keeper leader, Army veteran and bar owner who took part in the January 6 United States Capitol attack. She was convicted of multiple felonies relating to her participation and in May 2023 was sentenced to 8.5 years in federal prison. On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump commuted her sentence to "time served".
Roberto Antonio Minuta is a tattoo artist and a member of the Oath Keepers, who in 2023 was found guilty of seditious conspiracy after forcing his way into the United States Capitol building during the January 6 United States Capitol attack in 2021.
After Donald Trump lost the 2020 United States presidential election, multiple individuals plotted to use force to stop the peaceful transition of power; this was one aspect of what eventually led to the January 6 attack on the United States Capitol.
Ryan Stephen Samsel participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack. He was charged with several crimes, including forcibly assaulting federal officers; engaging in physical violence in a restricted building or grounds; carrying out an act of physical violence in the Capitol grounds; and obstruction of an official proceeding—the United States Congress’s efforts to certify the election results. Samsel has been in custody since his arrest; his bench trial began in October 2023. In February 2024, he was found guilty.
On January 20, 2025, during the first day of his second term, United States President Donald Trump issued a proclamation that granted clemency to about 1,200 people convicted of offenses related to the January 6 United States Capitol attack that occurred near the end of his first presidential term.
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