Dulichium arundinaceum

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Threeway sedge
Dulichium arundinaceum NRCS-1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Dulichium
Pers.
Species:
D. arundinaceum
Binomial name
Dulichium arundinaceum
Synonyms [1]
  • PleuranthusPers.
  • Cyperus arundinaceusL.
  • Cyperus ferrugineusL.
  • Schoenus spathaceusL.
  • Cyperus spathaceus(L.) L.
  • Scirpus spathaceus(L.) Michx.
  • Dulichium canadenseRich. in C.H.Persoon
  • Dulichium spathaceum(L.) Rich. in C.H.Persoon
  • Schoenus angustifoliusVahl
  • Sparganium trifidumPoir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck
  • Scirpus tegetalisBurch.

Dulichium is a monotypic genus of sedge containing the single species Dulichium arundinaceum, which is known by the common name threeway sedge. This is an aquatic or semi-aquatic plant of the lakes, streams, and ponds of the United States and Canada. It has a wide distribution across the two countries, though noticeably absent from the Dakotas and from the Southwestern Deserts. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Dulichium arundinaceum has a thick rhizome system and grows to heights approaching a meter. It is reminiscent of bamboo in appearance when new, growing bright green erect stalks in large, grassy stands. Stems are round to slightly triangular in cross-section (though not nearly as angularly triangular as in Cyperus or Carex), and hollow. The leaves are in three ranks along the stem when seen from above (thus the common name "threeway sedge"), with sheaths along the stems, and the inflorescence grows from the leaf axilla. The spikelets are generally lance-shaped and one to three centimeters long when ripe. [2] [6]

Two varieties are recognized: [1]

Fossil record

One fossil fruit of †Dulichium marginatum has been described from a middle Miocene stratum of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark. [7]

Related Research Articles

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The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus Carex with over 2,000 species.

<i>Cyperus</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Carex</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Carex vesicaria</i> Species of grass-like plant

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<i>Carex pensylvanica</i> Species of grass-like plant

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<i>Alisma triviale</i> Species of aquatic plant

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<i>Schoenoplectus heterochaetus</i> Species of grass-like plant

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<i>Scirpus ancistrochaetus</i> Species of grass-like plant

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Carex tereticaulis, also known as basket sedge, is a species of sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to southern parts of Western Australia, southern parts of South Australia, southern and eastern parts of New South Wales as well as north western and central Victoria and Tasmania. The Koori peoples know the plant as Poong'ort.

<i>Carex viridula</i> Species of grass-like plant

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<i>Carex hostiana</i> Species of plant in the genus Carex

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<i>Carex deweyana</i> Species of sedge

Carex deweyanaDewey's sedge, short-scale sedge, is a species of sedge native to Canada and the United States.

<i>Carex peckii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex peckii, Peck's sedge, Peck's oak sedge, or white-tinged sedge, is a species of sedge native to Canada and the United States.

<i>Carex gaudichaudiana</i> Species of plant

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Dulichium". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 Mastrogiuseppe, Joy (2002). "Dulichium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. "Dulichium arundinaceum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  4. Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  6. Department of Ecology, State of Washington, shoreline plants, Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, dulichium, three-way sedge with detailed description
  7. Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985