Eibar

Last updated • 5 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Eibar
Eibar (Basque)
Éibar (Spanish)
Municipality
Eibar 2.jpg
Bandera Eibar.png
Flag
Escudo de Eibar.svg
Coat of arms
Basque Country location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Eibar
Location of Eibar within the Basque Autonomous Community
Spain location map with provinces.svg
Red pog.svg
Eibar
Eibar (Spain)
Coordinates: 43°11′N2°28′W / 43.183°N 2.467°W / 43.183; -2.467
CountryFlag of Spain.svg  Spain
Autonomous communityFlag of the Basque Country.svg  Euskadi
Province Gipuzkoa
Eskualdea Debabarrena
Government
 • MayorJon Iraola (PSE-EE)
Area
 • Total
24.56 km2 (9.48 sq mi)
Elevation
121 m (397 ft)
Population
 (2018) [1]
 • Total
27,406
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Website Official website

Eibar (Basque : Eibar, Spanish : Éibar) is a city and municipality within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Euskadi. It is the capital of the eskualde / comarca of Debabarrena.

Contents

Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018). [2] Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters.

It is home to the SD Eibar football team.

Geography

Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of Gipuzkoa, very close to Biscay. [3] Eibar has an oceanic climate. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, with mountains like Karakate, Kalamua and Akondia being between 700 and 800 metres tall. Eibar is traversed by the river Ego, which is a tributary of the Deba. [4]

Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola-Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta. [5]

History

The city was chartered by Alfonso XI of Castile in 1346, receiving the name of Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar. [6] [7]

The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the War of the Bands. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on finery forges and arms manufacturing. In 1766, Eibar was engaged in a social revolt known as the Machinada, and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town. [6]

In the 19th century, industrialisation transformed the systems of production in the city and spawned a powerful social movement. After the rest of Gipuzkoa sided with the French in 1793 during the French Revolutionary Wars, Eibar temporarily voted to join Biscay. [8] In the Carlist Wars, Eibar sided with the Liberals. The labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, it was the first city in Spain to proclaim the Second Spanish Republic; in recognition it was given the title of "Very Exemplary City". [6] [9]

In the Spanish Civil War, Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the Spanish Nationalists. The subsequent rebuilding brought significant industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar's population increased to nearly 40,000 within a few years. [6] [10]

Due to the lack of space for expansion, several factories moved to Durangaldea and Álava. [11] The industrial crisis in the 1980s also caused Eibar to lose a great part of its population. [6]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Eibar's economy is based on industry and services. [6]

Euskal Herriko Ahotsak project with local Basque speakers and old photographs. [12] [13]

Main sights

Transport

Road

The AP-8 motorway connecting Bilbao and the French border crosses through Eibar, as does the N-634 road running parallel to it. The AP-1 motorway connects Eibar and Vitoria-Gasteiz. AP-8 and AP-1 meet at the Maltzaga motorway junction located in the east of Eibar. [22]

Regular and frequent bus services under Lurraldebus  [ eu ] connect Eibar to neighbouring towns, San Sebastián, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Bilbao Airport. [23] BizkaiBus provides regular and frequent bus services to and from Bilbao. [24] ALSA runs a daily service to and from Madrid-Barajas Airport and Madrid. [25]

Eibar also has an urban bus service called Udalbus. [26]

Railway
Train station. Eibar, estacion del ferrocarril.JPG
Train station.

Eibar is located on the Bilbao-San Sebastián narrow gauge railway line. Trains operated by Euskotren run frequently and regularly to Bilbao-Matiko station and Donostia-Amara station. Services are more frequent in the Ermua-Eibar-Elgoibar section.

There are five stations in Eibar, from west to east: Unibertsitatea-Eibar, Amaña-Eibar, Ardantza-Eibar, Eibar and Azitain-Eibar.

Education

The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country has a campus in Eibar. The campus offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering. [27]

The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest vocational training school in Spain. [28]

Sport

Football

Eibar is home to SD Eibar, who earned promotion to La Liga in the 2013-14 season. After seven seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Segunda División in the 2020–21 season. The team plays at the Ipurua Municipal Stadium.

The women's section of SD Eibar was granted promotion to the Primera División in the 2019–20 season. After two seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Primera Federación in the 2021–22 season. The team plays at the Unbe Sports Complex.

Basque pelota

The Astelena fronton, nicknamed the Cathedral of Basque Hand-pelota , is a regular venue of the hand-pelota professional circuit competitions the Bare-handed Pelota First League, the Bare-handed Pelota First League Doubles and the Cuatro y Medio Euskadi Championship.

Cycling

Since 2009, the city has hosted an annual stage finish in the Tour of the Basque Country, usually after the riders have climbed the Alto de Arrate. Before 2009, this was a traditional finish in the Euskal Bizikleta, which originated in Eibar as Bicicleta Eibarresa. [29] The Arrate finish has also been included in the Vuelta a España in 1972, 1974, 2012 and 2020. [30] [31]

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bilbao</span> Municipality in Basque Country, Spain

Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of more than 347,000 as of 2023. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552, the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biscay</span> Province of Spain

Biscay or Bizkaia, is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basque Country (greater region)</span> Cultural and historic land of the Basque people

The Basque Country is the name given to the home of the Basque people. The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gipuzkoa</span> Province of Spain

Gipuzkoa is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Donostia-San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa shares borders with the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques at the northeast, with the province and autonomous community of Navarre at east, Biscay at west, Álava at southwest and the Bay of Biscay to its north. It is located at the easternmost extreme of the Cantabric Sea, in the Bay of Biscay. It has 66 kilometres of coast land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atxondo</span> Municipality in País Vasco, Spain

Atxondo is a municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. Atxondo is part of the comarca of Durangaldea and has a population of 1,447 inhabitants as of 2007 according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elorrio</span> Municipality in Basque Country, Spain

Elorrio is a town and a municipality located in the eastern part of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, in northern Spain. As of 2017, it has a population of 7,307 inhabitants. It covers an area of 37.20 square kilometers and it has a population density of 193.58 people per square kilometer. It holds the medieval title of Most Loyal and Noble Villa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ermua</span> Municipality in Basque Country, Spain

Ermua is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. In 2019, Ermua had 15,880 inhabitants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mallabia</span> Municipality in País Vasco, Spain

Mallabia is an elizate, town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Mallabia is part of the comarca of Durangaldea and has a population of 1.135 inhabitants as of 2006 and according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zaldibar</span> Municipality in Basque Country, Spain

Zaldibar is an elizate, town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. Zaldibar is part of the comarca of Durangaldea and has a population of 3,043 inhabitants as of 2019 and according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biscayan dialect</span> Dialect of Basque

Biscayan, sometimes Bizkaian, is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in Biscay, one of the provinces of the Basque Country of Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autopista AP-8</span>

The Autopista AP-8 is a toll autopista in the north of Spain, crossing the Basque Country from east to west. It is known as the Autopista del Cantábrico and connects the French border with Bilbao via San Sebastián, Zarautz, Eibar and Durango. At Bilbao the AP-8 continues as the toll-free Autovía A-8, which runs along the Spanish northern coast to Gijón and eventually the region of Galicia.

Eneko Bóveda Altube is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right-back or central defender.

The Biscay Regional Championship(Campeonato Regional de Vizcaya), also called the North Regional Championship(Campeonato Regional Norte) in its early editions, was an official football tournament in Spain organised by the North Football Federation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Debabarrena</span>

Debabarrena is an eskualdea / comarca located in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain). It has an area of 180,3 km2. It is north from the comarca of Debagoiena, east from the province of Biscay, and south from the Gulf of Biscay.

Jon Errasti Zabaleta is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basque Football Federation</span> Governing body of association football in the Basque Country

The Basque Football Federation is the body responsible for managing association football in the Basque Country autonomous region. Its offices are in Bilbao.

The term Basque derbies refers to the various local derbies between the football teams based in the Basque Country, Spain. This can also include the province of Navarre outside of the autonomous community. It specifically refers to individual matches between the teams, but can also be used to describe the general ongoing rivalry between the clubs and fans.

Association football has been a part of Basque Country culture since the end of the 19th century. As of 2023, three Basque teams play in La Liga, the top division of the Spanish football system: Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad and Deportivo Alavés.

The Gipuzkoa autonomous football team was the regional football team for the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain, active between the 1910s and the 1930s. They were never affiliated with FIFA or UEFA, because Gipuzkoa is represented internationally by the Spain national football team.

The Biscay autonomous football team was the regional football team for the province of Biscay, Spain, active between the 1910s and the 1930s. They were never affiliated with FIFA or UEFA, because Biscay is represented internationally by the Spain national football team.

References

  1. ↑ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ↑ "Eibar". Basque Statistics Office . Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  3. ↑ "Eibar". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  4. ↑ "Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  5. ↑ "Baserriak eta auzoak". Egoibarra (in Basque). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Historia de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Año 1346". Cronología Histórica (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ↑ Coverdale, John F. (1984-12-31). The Basque Phase of Spain's First Carlist War. p. 32. doi:10.1515/9781400853687. ISBN   978-1-4008-5368-7.
  9. ↑ Ormazabal, Mikel (14 April 2011). "Eibar, el orgullo republicano". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  10. ↑ "Habitantes de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  11. ↑ "La inmigración llegada a Eibar contribuyó a la construcción de una ciudad mejor". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  12. ↑ Eibarko ahozko ondarea, from Ahotsak.com website.
  13. ↑ Ahotsak.com. Youtube (January 2014). Eibarko ahozko ondarea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6P7TxE8OLY
  14. ↑ "Parroquia San Andrés". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  15. ↑ "Santuario de Arrate". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  16. ↑ "El Cristo imberbe, uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo". El Correo (in Spanish). 26 February 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  17. ↑ "Casa-Torre de Unzueta". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  18. ↑ "Palacio Iñarra (Aldatze)". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  19. ↑ "Palacio de los Isasi (Markeskua)". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). November 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  20. ↑ "Casa Consistorial de Eibar". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  21. ↑ "Teatro Coliseo". Eibar City Council (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  22. ↑ "Carreteras". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  23. ↑ "Líneas y Horarios". Lurraldebus (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  24. ↑ "Bizkaibus". Foral Council of Biscay (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  25. ↑ "Se pone en marcha el nuevo servicio de autobús desde Eibar hasta Madrid". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 21 September 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  26. ↑ "Servicio Udalbus Eibar". City Council of Eibar (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  27. ↑ "We Are Two Sections". University of the Basque Country (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  28. ↑ Zubía y otros, Rafael (1989). Escuela de Armería de Éibar Eibarko Armeria Eskola 75 urteurrena. CIUDAD: Eibar EDITORIAL: Escuela de Armería. BI 1171/89.
  29. ↑ "Euskal Bizikleta: una carrera con base histórica". Juanjo Sebastian (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  30. ↑ "El Santuario de Arrate, final de etapa de la Vuelta Ciclista a España" (in Spanish). SER. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  31. ↑ "La Vuelta de otoño pierde tres etapas". El País (in Spanish). 19 April 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  32. ↑ Lorenzo, Clara G. (2021-09-09). "Muere la pintora Alicia Iturrioz a los 94 años" [The Painter Alicia Iturrioz Dies at 94]. La Nueva España (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.