| Epermenia chaerophyllella | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Epermeniidae |
| Genus: | Epermenia |
| Species: | E. chaerophyllella |
| Binomial name | |
| Epermenia chaerophyllella (Goeze, 1783) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Epermenia chaerophyllella, also known as the garden lance-wing, is a moth of the family Epermeniidae first described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1783. It is found in all of Europe and Asia Minor. [1] [2]
Moths can be found in all months of the year. They are most abundant from October to May and in July and August. [3] The wingspan is 12–14 mm. Adults are variable in colour, but consisting of a mixture of blackish, chestnut and white. There are two to three generations per year with the last generation of adults overwintering. [4] Epermenia aequidentellus looks similar, but has narrower forewings without a hooked apex. [5]
Eggs are laid between April and September on the underside of a mature leaf of a plant from the Umbelliferae family, often near the edge. [3]
Early instar larvae mine the leaves of their host plant [6] which has the form of a short, sometimes widened corridor. There are mostly multiple mines in a single leaf and a single larva makes a number of mines. Older larvae live free and cause window feeding and are often found in a group under a light spinning. Larvae can be found from May to June and again from August to September. [7] The body sometimes appear translucent and can be glossy white, yellow or greenish, with black or brown spots and a whitish dorsal line. The head is pale brown. There are five instars. [3] Larva of Epermenia aequidentellus found on wild carrot ( Daucus carota ) have a dark dorsal line and a black head. [4]
The larvae feed on various Apiaceae species, including ground elder ( Aegopodium podagraria ), garden angelica ( Angelica archangelica litoralis ), angelica ( Angelica sylvestris ), bur-chervil ( Anthriscus caucalis ), chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium ), cow parsley ( Anthriscus sylvestris ), celery ( Apium graveolens ), lesser water-parsnip ( Berula erecta ), caraway ( Carum carvi ), Chaerophyllum hirsutum , rough chervil ( Chaerophyllum temulum ), cowbane ( Cicuta virosa ), hemlock ( Conium maculatum ), wild carrot ( Daucus carota ), giant hogweed ( Heracleum mantegazzianum ), hogweed ( Heracleum sphondylium ), lovage ( Levisticum officinale ), water dropwort (Oenanthe species), parsnip ( Pastinaca sativa ), Peucedanum species, burnet-saxifrage ( Pimpinella saxifraga ), moon carrot ( Seseli libanotis ), Silaum species, Sison amomum , [6] great water-parsnip ( Sium latifolium ) and hedge parsleys ( Torilis species). [7]
The light brown pupa is in an open network cocoon and is normally found in detritus on the ground or occasionally on the leaf, or in a petiole groove. [3]
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose identity is unclear and which may be extinct.
Chervil, sometimes called French parsley or garden chervil, is a delicate annual herb related to parsley. It was formerly called myrhis due to its volatile oil with an aroma similar to the resinous substance myrrh. It is commonly used to season mild-flavoured dishes and is a constituent of the French herb mixture fines herbes.
Papilio polyxenes, the (eastern) black swallowtail, American swallowtail or parsnip swallowtail, is a butterfly found throughout much of North America. It is the state butterfly of Oklahoma, Michigan, and New Jersey. An extremely similar-appearing species, Papilio joanae, occurs in the Ozark Mountains region, but it appears to be closely related to Papilio machaon, rather than P. polyxenes. The species is named after the figure in Greek mythology, Polyxena, who was the youngest daughter of King Priam of Troy. Its caterpillar is called the parsley worm because the caterpillar feeds on parsley.
Heracleum mantegazzianum, commonly known as giant hogweed, is a monocarpic perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. H. mantegazzianum is also known as cartwheel-flower, giant cow parsley, giant cow parsnip, or hogsbane. In New Zealand, it is also sometimes called wild parsnip or wild rhubarb.
Anthriscus sylvestris, known as cow parsley, wild chervil, wild beaked parsley, Queen Anne's lace or keck, is a herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), genus Anthriscus. It is also sometimes called mother-die, a name that is also applied to the common hawthorn. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwestern Africa. It is related to other diverse members of Apiaceae, such as parsley, carrot, hemlock and hogweed. It is often confused with Daucus carota, another member of the Apiaceae also known as "Queen Anne's lace" or "wild carrot".
Phytophotodermatitis, also known as berloque dermatitis or margarita photodermatitis, is a cutaneous phototoxic inflammatory reaction resulting from contact with a light-sensitizing botanical agent followed by exposure to ultraviolet light. Symptoms include erythema, edema, blisters, and delayed hyperpigmentation. Heat and moisture tend to exacerbate the reaction.
Heracleum persicum, commonly known as Persian hogweed or by its native name Golpar is a species of hogweed, a perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It grows wild in humid mountainous regions in Iran and some adjacent areas. Having been introduced in the 1830s, it has spread across Scandinavia. It is now very common in northern Norway, where one of its names is Tromsø palm. The plant has also been spotted in Sweden. In Finland, it has been declared an invasive species.
Papilio brevicauda, the short-tailed swallowtail, is a North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae.
Euleia heraclei, known as the celery fly or the hogweed picture-wing fly is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Euleia of the family Tephritidae.
Agonopterix heracliana is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in most of Europe, North Africa, the Near East, and the eastern part of the Palearctic realm. It was first described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Agonopterix ciliella is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula, most of the Balkan Peninsula and the Benelux. It is also found in North America.
Agonopterix purpurea is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in most of Europe.
Epermenia aequidentellus, also known as the carrot lance-wing, is a moth of the family Epermeniidae found in Europe, Madeira and the Canary Islands. It was first described by Ernest Hofmann in 1867, from a specimen found in Vorderer Kaiser, near Kufstein, Austria.
Phaulernis dentella is a moth of the family Epermeniidae found in Asia and Europe. The moth was first described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1839.
Epermenia profugella, also known as the little lance-wing is a moth of the family Epermeniidae found in northern, central and eastern Europe. The moth was first described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1856, from a specimen found in Kemsing, Kent, England.
Epermenia devotella is a moth of the family Epermeniidae. It is found in France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland and southern Russia.
Liparus coronatus is a species of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae.
Sison amomum is one of several species of plant in the genus of Sison, its common name is stone parsley and it is native to Western and Southern Europe, North Africa and Turkey. The species and genus are flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, both of which were first described by Carl Linnaeus, in his book Species Plantarum, originally published in 1753. The plant has many synonyms, having also subsequently been described by other botanists, after Linnaeus, including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Richard Anthony Salisbury, Conrad Moench, Emanuel Mendes da Costa, and Albert Thellung among others.
