Eryngium campestre

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Eryngium campestre
Eryngium campestre 310705b.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Eryngium
Species:
E. campestre
Binomial name
Eryngium campestre
L.
Eryngium campestre - MHNT Eryngium campestre MHNT.BOT.2007.40.36.jpg
Eryngium campestre - MHNT

Eryngium campestre, known as field eryngo, [1] or Watling Street thistle, [2] is a species of Eryngium , which is used medicinally. A member of the family Apiaceae, eryngo is a hairless, thorny perennial plant. The leaves are tough and stiff, whitish-green. The basal leaves are long-stalked, pinnate and spiny. The leaves of this plant are mined by the gall fly, Euleia heraclei . [3]

Contents

Description

Eryngium campestre is a stiff, hairless, prickly perennial plant. It resembles the better known sea holly (Eryngium maritimum), but is taller and less robust, and the stem and leaves are paler and not bluish-green. The palmate leaves have more slender lobes which are tipped with spines, and the bracts below the flower heads are slender. The stems are thinner, the branches are longer and the globular flower heads are white and much smaller than the sea holly. This plant flowers between July and September. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Eryngium campestre has a mainly Central and Southern Europe distribution, north to Germany and Holland. [4] It is common in many places but in Germany it is restricted to dry habitats near the Rivers Rhine and Elbe. [5] It is very uncommon in dry grassland on neutral or calcareous soils in the southeast of the British Isles, having first been recorded in 1662 by the naturalist John Ray in Devon. It has statutory protection in Somerset and Devon and is persisting in several sites there, but elsewhere it is mostly a short-lived casual of waste ground, road verges and rough pastures. [6]

Uses

Used in herbalism as an infusion to treat coughs, whooping cough and urinary infections. Roots were formerly candied as sweets or boiled and roasted as a vegetable. [4] The plants active constituents are essential oils, saponins, tannins. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eryngium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. There are about 250 species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the center of diversity in South America. Common names include eryngo and sea holly.

<i>Eryngium maritimum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium maritimum, the sea holly or sea eryngo, or sea eryngium, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae and native to most European coastlines. It resembles a plume thistle in appearance on account of its burr-shaped flower. Despite its common name, it is not related to true holly, but is an umbellifer.

<i>Eryngium alpinum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium alpinum, the alpine sea holly, alpine eryngo or queen of the Alps, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Apiaceae.

<i>Heracleum sphondylium</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Heracleum sphondylium, commonly known as hogweed, common hogweed or cow parsnip, is a herbaceous perennial or biennial plant, in the umbelliferous family Apiaceae that includes fennel, cow parsley, ground elder and giant hogweed. It is native to Europe and Asia. The common name eltrot may also be applied, but is not specific to this species. Umbelliferous plants are so named because of the umbrella-like arrangement of flowers they produce. The North American species Heracleum maximum is sometimes included as a subspecies of H. sphondylium.

<i>Eryngium amethystinum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium amethystinum, the amethyst eryngo, Italian eryngo or amethyst sea holly, is a clump-forming, perennial, tap-rooted herb. Its stem is 30 to 50 cm long and is light blue to purple in colour. It has a basal circle of obovate, pinnate, spiny, leathery, mid-green leaves. It flowers in mid to late summer with cylindrical umbels, 2–3 cm long atop silvery blue bracts and branching stems. The plant is native to the eastern Mediterranean and prefers dry places and soils that are rich in calcium.

<i>Sagina subulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Sagina subulata (, the heath pearlwort, Irish-moss, awl-leaf pearlwort or Scottish moss, is a species of flowering plant in the pink and carnation family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Europe, from Iceland south to Spain, and east to southern Sweden and Romania. It occurs on dry sandy or gravelly soils.

<i>Eryngium aristulatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium aristulatum, known by the common names California eryngo and Jepson's button celery, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae.

Eryngium castrense is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name Great Valley eryngo, or Great Valley button celery. This plant is endemic to California, where it grows in wet areas such as vernal pools and ponds in the central part of the state. This is a heavily branched, spiny perennial herb reaching maximum heights of around half a meter. It produces light green to grayish green hairless stems with occasional lobed, oval-shaped leaves. At the tops of the stems are flower heads one to one and a half centimeters wide and rounded or egg-shaped. At the base of each head is an array of 7 to 9 spiny, pointed bracts up to three centimeters long, and sometimes a few smaller bractlets above. The rounded flower head contains many small white to light purple flowers.

<i>Euleia heraclei</i> Species of fly

Euleia heraclei, known as the celery fly or the hogweed picture-wing fly is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Euleia of the family Tephritidae.

Eryngium mathiasiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name Mathias' eryngo, or Mathias' button celery.

Eryngium pinnatisectum is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, known by the common names Tuolumne eryngo and Tuolumne button celery.

Eryngium racemosum is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name delta eryngo, or delta button celery.

Eryngium spinosepalum, known by the common names spinysepal eryngo and spiny-sepaled button celery, is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae.

<i>Cirsium heterophyllum</i> Species of thistle

Cirsium heterophyllum, the melancholy thistle, is an erect spineless herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia, where it grows in upland meadows, grasslands, road verges and open woodland.

<i>Eryngium foetidum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium foetidum is a tropical perennial herb in the family Apiaceae. Common names include culantro, recao, chadon beni, Mexican coriander, bandhaniya, long coriander, Burmese coriander, sawtooth coriander, and ngò gai. It is native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America, but is cultivated worldwide, mostly in the tropics as a perennial, but sometimes in temperate climates as an annual.

<i>Eryngium planum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium planum, the blue eryngo or flat sea holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the area that includes central and southeastern Europe and central Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial thistle growing to 50 cm (20 in) with branched silvery-blue stems, and numerous small blue conical flowerheads surrounded by spiky bracts in summer.

<i>Eryngium aquaticum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium aquaticum is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name rattlesnakemaster, marsh rattlesnake master, corn-snakeroot, bitter snakeroot, and marsh eryngo. This plant is native to eastern North America.

<i>Oenanthe crocata</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenanthe crocata, hemlock water-dropwort is a flowering plant in the carrot family, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It grows in damp grassland and wet woodland, often along river and stream banks. All parts of the plant are extremely toxic and it has been known to cause human and livestock poisoning.

<i>Orobanche hederae</i> Species of flowering plant

Orobanche hederae, the ivy broomrape, is, like other members of the genus Orobanche, a parasitic plant without chlorophyll, and thus totally dependent on its host, which is ivy. It grows to 60 cm (2 ft), with stems in shades of brown and purple, sometimes yellow. The flowers are 10–22 mm (0.4–0.9 in) long, cream in colour with reddish-purple veins.

<i>Eryngium prostratum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eryngium prostratum, commonly called creeping eryngo, is a species of plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the southeastern United States.

References

  1. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  2. 1 2 McClintock, David; Fitter, R.S.R. (1961). The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers. London: Collins. p. 93.
  3. "Grid map of records on the Gateway for Euleia heraclei". National Biodiversity Network. 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  4. 1 2 "Eryngium campestre". Plants For A Future. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  5. Kathrin Bylebyl; Peter Poschlod; Christoph Reisch (2008). "Genetic variation of Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) in Central Europe". Molecular Ecology. 17 (14): 3379–3388. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03836.x. PMID   18564089. S2CID   12782232.
  6. "Eryngium campestre". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  7. Murat Kartal; Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer; Thomas Paululat; Mahmoud Abu-Asaker; Hildebert Wagner; Jean-François Mirjolet; Nicolas Guilbaud; Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois (2006). "Triterpene Saponins from Eryngium campestre". Journal of Natural Products. 69 (7): 1105–1108. doi:10.1021/np060101w. PMID   16872157.
Erygium campestre in Russia in the vicinity of Saratov Eryngium campestre (inflorescences) 2.jpg
Erygium campestre in Russia in the vicinity of Saratov