Eucalyptus camphora

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Swamp gum
Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora flowers.jpg
Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora in the ANBG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. camphora
Binomial name
Eucalyptus camphora

Eucalyptus camphora, commonly known as swamp gum is a flowering plant that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a species of small to medium-sized tree with smooth bark, sometimes rough at the base, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped or elliptic adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit. There are two subspecies, subspecies camphora, commonly known as broad-leaved sally [3] or swamp gum [4] and subspecies humeana, commonly known as mountain swamp gum.

Contents

Subspecies humeana in the Alpine National Park Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana flowers.jpg
Subspecies humeana in the Alpine National Park
Subspecies camphora fruit Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora fruit.jpg
Subspecies camphora fruit

Description

Eucalyptus camphora is tree that typically grows to a height of 22–25 m (72–82 ft), sometimes a mallee to 10 m (33 ft), and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth grey to brownish or almost black bark from the trunk to the thinnest branches, although sometimes with accumulated shed bark at the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have green or bluish green, egg-shaped, elliptic or almost round leaves 30–70 mm (1.2–2.8 in) long, 15–46 mm (0.6–2 in) wide and have a petiole. Adult leaves are broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped, 50–150 mm (2.0–5.9 in) long and 15–60 mm (0.6–2 in) wide on a petiole 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) long. The flowers buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 4–18 mm (0.2–0.7 in) long, the individual flowers on a pedicel 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long. Mature buds are spindle-shaped to diamond-shaped, 40–80 mm (2–3 in) long and 2.5–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from January to April and the flowers are white. The fruit that follows is a woody, conical or hemispherical capsule 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in). [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus camphora was first formally described in 1899 by Richard Thomas Baker who published the description in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales . He had collected the type specimen "at Ganguddy Creek, Kelgoola, Rylstone, in 1895". [8] [9] The specific epithet (camphora) refers to camphor in the essential oil of the leaves. [4]

In 1990, Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described three subspecies of E. camphora, two of which have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census: [10]

Eucalyptus camphora subsp. relicta and E. ovata var. camphora are synonyms of E. camphora subsp. camphora. [11]

Distribution and habitat

Subspecies camphora grows in forest, often in marshy places and in valleys from south from Wallangarra in Queensland to near Glen Innes in New South Wales, then from near Rylstone to the Megalong Valley. Subspecies humeana grows in similar habitats from Wee Jasper in New South Wales to the mountainous country east and north of Melbourne in Victoria. [3] [4] [6]

Related Research Articles

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Eucalyptus dalrympleana, commonly known as mountain gum, mountain white gum, white gum and broad-leaved ribbon gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to southeastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus polyanthemos</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus rubida</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rubida, commonly known as candlebark, ribbon gum or white gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, sometimes with rough bark at the base, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus globulus <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> bicostata</i> Subspecies of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus globulus subsp. bicostata, commonly known as the southern blue gum, eurabbie, blue gum or Victorian blue gum, is a subspecies of tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has mostly smooth bark with some persistent slabs of old bark at the base, juvenile leaves with one glaucous side, glossy, lance-shaped adult leaves, warty flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and hemispherical to conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus parramattensis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus parramattensis, commonly known as the Parramatta red gum or drooping red gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus scias</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus scias, known as the large-fruited red mahogany, is a species of small, straggly to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the high rainfall coastal areas of New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus amplifolia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus amplifolia, commonly known as the cabbage gum, is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark on its trunk and branches, lance-shaped leaves, and buds in groups of between seven and fifteen or more. The flowers are white and the fruit are woody hemispherical capsules. It is common on the coastal areas and tablelands of New South Wales and adjacent areas in south eastern Queensland, occurring as far south as Bega.

<i>Eucalyptus loxophleba</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus loxophleba, commonly known as York gum, daarwet, goatta, twotta or yandee, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk, smooth olive to brownish bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus mannifera</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus mannifera, commonly known as the brittle gum or red spotted gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has smooth, powdery white bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus alligatrix</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus alligatrix, commonly known as the silver stringybark, is a tree endemic to southeastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually arranged in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or cone-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus aquatica</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus aquatica, commonly known as broad-leaved sally, or mountain swamp gum is a tree or mallee that is endemic to a small area of New South Wales in eastern Australia. It has smooth, greyish bark, dull bluish green adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and conical or hemispherical fruit. It grows in swamps and other places with poor drainage.

<i>Eucalyptus pachycalyx</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus pachycalyx, commonly known as the shiny-barked gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth, pale grey, mottled bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus effusa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus effusa, commonly known as rough-barked gimlet, is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin, rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus fraseri</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus fraseri, commonly known as Balladonia gum, is a species of tree or mallet that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth white to greyish bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus kessellii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus kessellii, commonly known as Jerdacuttup mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to an area along the south coast of Western Australia. It has very hard, rough bark on the trunk of larger specimens, smooth greyish and brownish bark above, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and downturned, conical to cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus sargentii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus sargentii, commonly known as Salt River gum, is a species of mallet, mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough bark on part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, whitish to creamy yellow flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus scyphocalyx</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus scyphocalyx, commonly known as goblet mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to southern areas of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

Eucalyptus lockyeri, commonly known as Lockyer's box, is a species of small tree endemic to a small area in Queensland. It has rough bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina, commonly known as snow gum, is a mallee or small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit. It differs from other subspecies of E. pauciflora in having a dense crown and no parts that are glaucous.

Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. parvifructa is a mallee or small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. It has smooth bark, slightly glaucous branchlets, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. It differs from other subspecies of E. pauciflora in having a smaller habit and smaller leaves, flower buds and fruit.

References

  1. Fensham, R., Laffineur, B. & Collingwood, T. 2019. Eucalyptus camphora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T133373562A133373564. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133373562A133373564.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2021.
  2. "Eucalyptus camphora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  5. "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  6. 1 2 Brooker, M. Ian; Slee, Andrew V. "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  7. Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus camphora". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  8. "Eucalyptus camphora". APNI. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  9. Baker, Richard Thomas (1899). "On three new species of Eucalyptus". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 24 (2): 298–300. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  10. 1 2 Johnson, Lawrence; Hill, Kenneth (26 September 1990). "New taxa and combinations in Eucalyptus and Angophora (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 4 (1): 53–55. doi: 10.7751/telopea19904916 .
  11. 1 2 "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. camphora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  12. "Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 10 April 2019.