Eucalyptus eugenioides

Last updated

Thin-leaved stringybark
Stringybark Lawson Blue Mountains NP.jpg
Blue Mountains National Park, Australia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. eugenioides
Binomial name
Eucalyptus eugenioides
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Eucalyptus acervulaSieber ex DC.
  • Eucalyptus eugeniodesSieber ex Spreng. orth. var.
  • Eucalyptus eugenioidesSieber ex Spreng. var. eugenioides
  • Eucalyptus laevopinea var. minorR.T.Baker
  • Eucalyptus nigraR.T.Baker
  • Eucalyptus wiburdiBlakely orth. var.
  • Eucalyptus wiburdiiBlakely
  • Eucalyptus wilkinsonianaR.T.Baker
  • Eucalyptus wilkinsoniana var. crassifructaBlakely
  • Eucalyptus wilkinsonianaR.T.Baker var. wilkinsoniana

Eucalyptus eugenioides, commonly known as the thin-leaved stringybark or white stringybark, [2] is a species of tree endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small to medium-sized tree with rough stringy bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, Flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

Contents

flower buds Eucalyptus eugenioides buds.jpg
flower buds
fruit Eucalyptus eugenioides fruit.jpg
fruit
Specimen in the ANBG Eucalyptus eugenioides.jpg
Specimen in the ANBG

Description

Eucalyptus eugenioides is a tree that typically grows to a height of 25–30 m (82–98 ft) and forms a lignotuber. Its trunk is 70 cm (28 in) wide at chest height and has rough, stringy, grey to reddish bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves 45–80 mm (1.8–3.1 in) long and 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) wide, glossy green on the upper surface and distinctly paler below. Adult leaves are more or less the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, 70–160 mm (2.8–6.3 in) long and 9–35 mm (0.35–1.38 in) wide on a petiole 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of nine to fifteen, on an unbranched peduncle 5–17 mm (0.20–0.67 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long. Mature buds are green to yellow, oval to spindle-shaped, 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from July to January. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical or shortened spherical capsule 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide with the valves near rim level or slightly beyond. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Eucalyptus eugenioides was first formally described in 1827 by Kurt Sprengel from an unpublished description by Franz Sieber and the description was published in Sprengel's book, Systema Vegetabilium. [6] [7] The species name refers to its perceived similarity to trees of the genus Eugenia . [2] [5] The term "stringybark" refers to the long, thin bark fibres that can be pulled off the tree trunk in strings. [8]

Distribution and habitat

The thin-leaved stringybark is found across eastern New South Wales from Wyndham north to the vicinity of Warwick in southeastern Queensland with scattered populations further north as far as Gladstone. [5] [3] It is a common tree of shale- and slate-derived, moderately fertile soils in lowlands and low hills. It grows in open forest with other trees such as grey box ( E. moluccana ), forest red gum ( E. tereticornis ), cabbage gum ( E. amplifolia ), manna gum ( E. viminalis ), woollybutt ( E. longifolia ), narrow-leaved ironbark ( E. crebra ), and argyle apple ( E. cinerea ), spotted gum ( Corymbia maculata ), and with paperbark species such as prickly paperbark ( Melaleuca styphelioides ) and white feather honeymyrtle ( M. decora ). [5] [9] The thin-leaved stringybark is one of the key canopy species of the threatened Cumberland Plain Woodlands. [10] [11]

Ecology

The thin-leaved stringybark regenerates by regrowing from epicormic buds after bushfire and can live for more than a hundred years. [9] The longhorn beetle species Adrium artifex has been recorded from the thin-leaved stringybark. [12]

Cultivation

Eucalyptus eugenioides has been grown in California, where it grows best in coastal areas. [13] In New South Wales, it is also known as "good kind stringybark" by beekeepers as the bees feeding on it are healthy and produce honey with a well-balanced amino-acid profile. It also provides the last crop of pollen before winter. [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucalyptus pauciflora</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus pauciflora, commonly known as snow gum, cabbage gum or white sally, is a species of tree or mallee that is native to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to elliptical leaves, flower buds in clusters of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit. It is widespread and locally common in woodland in cold sites above 700 m (2,300 ft) altitude.

<i>Eucalyptus punctata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus punctata, commonly known as grey gum, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth grey bark that is shed in patches, lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped adult leaves flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the koala.

<i>Corymbia citriodora</i> Species of plant

Corymbia citriodora, commonly known as lemon-scented gum and other common names, is a species of tall tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth white to pink bark, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus obliqua</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus obliqua, commonly known as messmate stringybark or messmate, but also known as brown top, brown top stringbark, stringybark or Tasmanian oak, is a species of tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough, stringy or fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth greyish bark on the thinnest branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven to fifteen or more, white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus saligna</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus saligna, commonly known as the Sydney blue gum or blue gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, flaky bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cylindrical to conical or cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus baxteri</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus baxteri, commonly known as brown stringybark, is a medium-sized tree that is endemic the south-east of Australia. It has rough, stringy bark to the thinnest branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia intermedia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia intermedia, commonly known as pink bloodwood, is a species of medium to tall tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and oval to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus caliginosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus caliginosa, commonly known as broad-leaved stringybark or New England stringybark, is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has stringy bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and more or less hemispherical fruit. It is common on the Northern Tablelands and North West Slopes of New South Wales and adjacent areas of Queensland.

<i>Eucalyptus agglomerata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus agglomerata, commonly known as blue-leaved stringybark, is a tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has persistent, stringy bark, green or greyish leaves with a bluish sheen, flower buds in groups of eleven to fifteen, white to cream-coloured flowers and crowded, flattened hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus ligustrina</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus ligustrina, commonly known as the privet-leaved stringybark, is a species of shrub, mallee or small tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, stringy bark, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia henryi</i> Species of plant

Corymbia henryi, commonly known as large-leaved spotted gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or lemon yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus expressa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus expressa, commonly known as the Wollemi stringybark, is a recently discovered Australian tree species. It has rough, fibrous stringybark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and twenty four and hemispherical to shortened spherical fruit with the valves extending well beyond the rim of the fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus camfieldii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus camfieldii, commonly known as Camfield's stringybark or heart-leaved stringybark, is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous and stringy bark, broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of about eleven, white flowers and flattened hemispherical fruit. It grows in poor, sandy soil in the Sydney region.

<i>Corymbia bleeseri</i> Species of plant

Corymbia bleeseri, commonly known as glossy-leaved bloodwood or smooth-stemmed bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough bark on part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia collina</i> Species of plant

Corymbia collina, commonly known as silver-leaved bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin patchy rough bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth white to pale grey bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia erythrophloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia erythrophloia, commonly known as red bloodwood, variable-barked bloodwood, red-barked bloodwood or gum-topped bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped or lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped to spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia foelscheana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia foelscheana, commonly known as broad-leaved bloodwood, fan-leaved bloodwood or smooth-barked bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough, tessellated bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, broadly egg-shaped to broadly lance- shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia grandifolia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia grandifolia, commonly known as cabbage gum, large-leaved cabbage gum and paper-fruited bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth bark, egg-shaped to broadly elliptic to lance-shaped adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Corymbia jacobsiana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia jacobsiana, commonly known as Jacob's bloodwood or stringybark bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Northern Territory. It has rough, stringy bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to elliptical or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus pauciflora <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> pauciflora</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, commonly known as snow gum, cabbage gum or white sally is a tree or mallee that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, glossy green, lance-shaped, curved or elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eucalyptus eugenioides". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus eugenioides". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus eugenioides". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  4. ↑ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus eugenioides". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 304. ISBN   0-643-06969-0.
  6. ↑ "Eucalyptus eugenioides". APNI. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  7. ↑ Sprengel, Kurt (1827). Systema Vegetabilium (Volume 4). New York: Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae. p. 195. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  8. ↑ Walters, Brian (November 2009). "ANPSA Plant Guide: Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora - Background". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  9. 1 2 Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 809–987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14.
  10. ↑ Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (20 June 2011). "Cumberland Plain Woodlands". Australian Government. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  11. ↑ Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN   978-0-7318-1211-0 page 45
  12. ↑ Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (1993). "Review of the biology, host plants and immature stages of the Australian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Part 2, Cerambycinae (Tribes Oemini, Cerambycini, Hesperophanini, Callidiopini, Neostenini, Aphanasiini, Phlyctaenodini, Tessarommatini and Piesarthrini" (PDF). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia. 6: 313–55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2011-09-06.
  13. ↑ McMinn, H.E.; Mamo (1969) [1937]. Pacific Coast Trees. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 313.
  14. ↑ Honeybee Australis (2010). "Thin-leaf stringybark". Beekeeping in Australia. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
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