| Euryale | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Flowering Euryale ferox cultivated at the Kodai Hasu no Sato park in Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Euryale Salisb. |
| Species | |
Extant species: [1]
Fossil species:
| |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Euryale is a genus of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae. [1]
Euryale is an annual or perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb with erect, unbranched rhizomes. [8] The adaxial leaf surface is green, and features prickles at the veins. The abaxial leaf surface is violet and displays prominent, prickly venation. [9]
The pedunculate, 5 cm wide flowers have prickly peduncles and sepals. [10] The stigma has 8-9 stigmatic rays. The prickly fruit bears black, [9] smooth, arillate, [8] globose, 6-10 mm wide seeds. [10]
It was published by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1805. [1]
It has one extant species: [1]
And several fossil species:
The chromosome count of Euryale ferox is 2n = 58. [11]
It occurs in ponds, lakes, [12] rice fields, and marshes. [9]
Euryale is found in the area that stretches from Northern India to the Russian Far East and extends into temperate East Asia. [1] Recently, it has also been recorded in Serbia, Europe. It was likely dispersed to Serbia through migrating birds. [13]
The IUCN conservation status of Euryale ferox is least concern (LC). [12]
Euryale seeds and prickles are well preserved in the fossil record. [14] Today, Euryale only occurs in the region spanning from Northern India to the Russian Far East, and extends to temperate East Asia. [1] But in the Pliocene period it also occurred in central Europe. [15]
Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or emergent from the surface. Leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale.
Sparganium (bur-reed) is a genus of flowering plants, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. It is widespread in wet areas in temperate regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The plants are perennial marsh plants that can grow to 3.5 m, with epicene flowers.
Euryale ferox, commonly known as prickly waterlily, makhana or Gorgon plant, is a species of water lily found in southern and eastern Asia, and the only extant member of the genus Euryale. The edible seeds, called fox nuts or makhana when dried, are eaten in Asia.
Nuphar lutea, the yellow water-lily, brandy-bottle, or spadderdock, is an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, native to northern temperate and some subtropical regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. This species was used as a food source and in medicinal practices from prehistoric times with potential research and medical applications going forward.
Potamogeton crispus, the crisp-leaved pondweed, curly pondweed, curly-leaf pondweed or curled pondweed, is a species of aquatic plant (hydrophyte) native to Eurasia but an introduced species and often a noxious weed in North America.
Najas marina is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names spiny water nymph, spiny naiad and holly-leaved naiad. It is an extremely widespread species, reported across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas and many oceanic islands. It can be found in many types of freshwater and brackish aquatic habitat, including bodies of alkaline water.
Palhinhaea cernua, synonym Lycopodiella cernua and Lycopodium cernuum, is a plant in the family Lycopodiaceae, commonly known as the staghorn clubmoss. The Hawaiian name for the plant is wāwaeʻiole, or "rat's foot". It has a substantial number of scientific synonyms in several genera. The genus Palhinhaea is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, but not in other classifications which submerge the genus in Lycopodiella. It is the largest of the clubmosses, having rhizomes up to 5 m (16 ft) in length, with leafy uprights up to 2.5 m in height.
Clematis orientalis is a deciduous vine or scrambling shrub in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, that originates from Asia and Central Europe. It was brought to the United States as an ornamental plant but escaped cultivation leading to its classification as a noxious weed in some states. Common names for C. orientalis include Chinese clematis, Oriental virginsbower, orange peel, and orange peel clematis.
Johann Xaver Robert Caspary was a German botanist.
Calamus nambariensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found in Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Assam region of India and the Yunnan region of China.
Celtis philippensis, is an Asian species of flowering plant in the family Cannabaceae. It is a tree which can grow up to 30 meters tall. It ranges from India and Sri Lanka to southern China and Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and northern Australia.
Nymphaea rudgeana is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America.
Nymphaea tenuinervia is a species of waterlily native to Colombia, Guyana and Brazil.
Nymphaea jamesoniana is a species of waterlily native to the USA, Mexico, and tropical South America.
Nymphaea × daubenyana is a species of waterlily endemic to Chad, but has been introduced to Florida, USA. It is a natural hybrid of Nymphaea micrantha and Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea.
Nuphar ulvacea is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to the US-American states Alabama and Florida.
Nuphar orbiculata is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to the US-American states Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
Nymphaea subg. Brachyceras is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea.
Susiea newsalemae was a species of plant, which occurred in the Late Paleocene period of North Dakota, USA. It is monospecific within the genus Susiea.
Nuphar × rubrodisca is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to Canada and the USA. It is a natural hybrid of Nuphar variegata and Nuphar microphylla.