Faxonius immunis

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Faxonius immunis
Orconectes immunis Kalikokrebs calico crayfish.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Family: Cambaridae
Genus: Faxonius
Species:
F. immunis
Binomial name
Faxonius immunis
(Hagen, 1870)
Synonyms [2]
  • Cambarus immunisHagen, 1870
  • Cambarus signiferHerrick, 1882
  • Cambarus immunis var. spinirostrisFaxon, 1884
  • Faxonius immunis pedianusCreaser, 1933
  • Orconectes immunis(Hagen, 1870)

Faxonius immunis is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. [2] It is native to North America and it is an introduced species in Europe, where it lives along the Upper Rhine. Its common names include calico crayfish and papershell crayfish. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

Faxonius immunis was first described by Hermann August Hagen in 1870, in his Monograph of the North American Astacidae, under the name Cambarus immunis. [3] The original specimens came from Lawn Ridge, Marshall County, Illinois.

Description

Faxonius immunis is similar to a number of species of crayfish in the genus Faxonius . While the colouration of the claws is distinctive, it can be difficult to use that to identify a specimen without reference specimens for comparison. F. immunis can be distinguished from F. virilis by the presence of a notch near the base of the dactylus (finger) of the claw, which is not found in F. virilis. [4]

Faxonius immunis has claws with red tips Faxonius immunis Schere.jpg
Faxonius immunis has claws with red tips
The Calico crayfish has a high reproduction rate Calico crayfish with eggs.jpg
The Calico crayfish has a high reproduction rate

Distribution and habitat

North America

Faxonius immunis naturally occurs across a wide area of eastern North America, from Maine and Connecticut in the east to Colorado and Wyoming in the west, and from Alabama in the south and north to Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec in Canada. [3] Populations in Quebec may be the result of introductions by anglers from New York; [5] the Canadian populations are centered in southern Ontario. [5] It is believed to have been introduced to a number of states in New England, including Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. [3]

Europe

Faxonius immunis has been popular in the aquarium trade in Germany, and is kept as a pet both in aquaria and garden ponds. The first recorded escape was a single individual in a small canal in the Rhine valley of Baden-Württemberg in 1997. Later, a breeding population was discovered, and this has now spread at least as far downstream as Karlsruhe (45 km or 28 mi downstream) and possibly as far as Speyer (35 km or 22 mi downstream from Karlsruhe). [6] It has since been recorded from other locations in Europe, including the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as in France. It appears to be out-competing another invasive species, F. limosus , which has been present in the area for five decades. [7]

Habitat

Faxonius immunis is only found in slow-flowing bodies of water, such as streams, ponds, marshes and roadside ditches, in contrast to F. virilis which also lives in rivers with moderate flow. It can survive in areas with large fluctuations in the amount of available water, by burrowing into the ground when the surface waters recede. [4]


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<i>Faxonius limosus</i> Species of crayfish

Faxonius limosus, synonym Orconectes limosus, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to the east coast of North America, from Quebec to the lower James River, Virginia, but has also been introduced to Europe. It is known commonly as the spinycheek crayfish or Kamberkrebs in German.

<i>Faxonius obscurus</i> Species of crayfish

Faxonius obscurus is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to the northeastern United States, where it occurs in Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is an introduced species in adjacent regions, including Massachusetts, Vermont, and Ontario in Canada. It is known commonly as the Allegheny crayfish and the obscure crayfish.

<i>Faxonius virilis</i> Species of crayfish

Faxonius virilis is a species of crayfish known as the virile crayfish, northern crayfish,eastern crayfish, and lesser known as the lake crayfish or common crawfish. Faxonius virilis was reclassified in August 2017, and the genus was changed from Orconectes to Faxonius. It is native to the central United States, east to tributaries of Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River in New York and to much of Canada.

Faxonius alabamensis, the Alabama crayfish, is a species of freshwater crayfish that lives in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.

Faxonius maletae, sometimes called the Kisatchie painted crayfish or Kisatchie painted crawfish, is a species of crawdad in the Cambaridae family. The specific epithet maletae is in honor of the discoverer's wife, author Maleta M. Walls, who helped collect many of the original specimens. It was originally described as a subspecies of Orconectes difficilis, but later elevated to full species status. The common name refers to the Kisatchie National Forest, near where the original specimens were found in Bayou Santabarb.

<i>Faxonius erichsonianus</i> Species of crayfish

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<i>Faxonius validus</i> Species of crayfish

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<i>Faxonius</i> Genus of crayfishes

Faxonius is a genus of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae. There are more than 90 described species in Faxonius. It includes the rusty crayfish, an invasive species in North America, and three species, F. virilis, F. immunis, and F. limosus, that are invasive to Europe.

<i>Faxonius lancifer</i> Species of crayfish

Faxonius lancifer, the shrimp crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is widespread in the South-Eastern United States.

<i>Faxonius neglectus</i> Species of freshwater crayfish

Faxonius neglectus, a species of freshwater crayfish also known as the ringed crayfish, is native to Central North America, with two major disjunct areas of distribution in the Ozarks and around Nebraska. The species name, Faxonius neglectus, was previously Orconectes neglectus. Faxonius was declared its own genus in 2017 by Crandall & De Grave, as many previously thought Orconectes species were found to not reside in caves.

References

  1. 1 2 Adams, S.; Schuster, G.A. & Taylor, C.A. (2010). "Orconectes immunis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T153925A4564415. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153925A4564415.en . Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  2. 1 2 Crandall, Keith A; De Grave, Sammy (2017). "An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 37 (5): 615–653. doi: 10.1093/jcbiol/rux070 .
  3. 1 2 3 James W. Fetzner, Jr. (January 14, 2008). "Orconectes (Trisellescens) immunis (Hagen, 1870)". Crayfish Taxonomy Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
  4. 1 2 "Calico Crayfish — Orconectes immunis". Montana Field Guide. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  5. 1 2 Premek Hamr (2007). "Orconectes immunis". Ontario Crayfish Guide. Bishops Mills Natural History Centre. Archived from the original on 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  6. D. M. Holdich; J. D. Reynolds; C. Souty-Grosset; P. J. Sibley (2009). "A review of the ever increasing threat to European crayfish from non-indigenous crayfish species". Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 394–395 (11): 1–46. doi: 10.1051/kmae/2009025 .
  7. Christoph Chucholl, Hans Bernd Stich & Gerhard Maier (2008). "Aggressive interactions and competition for shelter between a recently introduced and an established invasive crayfish: Orconectes immunis vs. O. limosus" (PDF abstract). Archiv für Hydrobiologie . 172 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1127/1863-9135/2008/0172-0027.