Faxonius immunis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Malacostraca |
Order: | Decapoda |
Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
Family: | Cambaridae |
Genus: | Faxonius |
Species: | F. immunis |
Binomial name | |
Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870) | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Faxonius immunis is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. [2] It is native to North America and it is an introduced species in Europe, where it lives along the Upper Rhine. Its common names include calico crayfish and papershell crayfish. [1]
Faxonius immunis was first described by Hermann August Hagen in 1870, in his Monograph of the North American Astacidae, under the name Cambarus immunis. [3] The original specimens came from Lawn Ridge, Marshall County, Illinois.
Faxonius immunis is similar to a number of species of crayfish in the genus Faxonius . While the colouration of the claws is distinctive, it can be difficult to use that to identify a specimen without reference specimens for comparison. F. immunis can be distinguished from F. virilis by the presence of a notch near the base of the dactylus (finger) of the claw, which is not found in F. virilis. [4]
Faxonius immunis naturally occurs across a wide area of eastern North America, from Maine and Connecticut in the east to Colorado and Wyoming in the west, and from Alabama in the south and north to Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec in Canada. [3] Populations in Quebec may be the result of introductions by anglers from New York; [5] the Canadian populations are centered in southern Ontario. [5] It is believed to have been introduced to a number of states in New England, including Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. [3]
Faxonius immunis has been popular in the aquarium trade in Germany, and is kept as a pet both in aquaria and garden ponds. The first recorded escape was a single individual in a small canal in the Rhine valley of Baden-Württemberg in 1997. Later, a breeding population was discovered, and this has now spread at least as far downstream as Karlsruhe (45 km or 28 mi downstream) and possibly as far as Speyer (35 km or 22 mi downstream from Karlsruhe). [6] It has since been recorded from other locations in Europe, including the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as in France. It appears to be out-competing another invasive species, F. limosus , which has been present in the area for five decades. [7]
Faxonius immunis is only found in slow-flowing bodies of water, such as streams, ponds, marshes and roadside ditches, in contrast to F. virilis which also lives in rivers with moderate flow. It can survive in areas with large fluctuations in the amount of available water, by burrowing into the ground when the surface waters recede. [4]
The rusty crayfish is a large, aggressive species of freshwater crayfish which is native to the United States, in the Ohio River Basin in parts of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. Its range is rapidly expanding across much of eastern North America, displacing native crayfishes in the process. The rusty crayfish was first captured in Illinois in 1973, and has been collected at over 20 locations in the northern portion of the state. In 2005, F. rusticus was found for the first time west of the Continental Divide, in the John Day River, Oregon, which runs into the Columbia River.
Faxonius hathawayi blacki, the Calcasieu crayfish, is a sub-species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Louisiana. The common name refers to the Calcasieu River, near where the original specimens were found in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana.
Faxonius cooperi, the Flint River crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama and Tennessee in the United States. The common name refers to the Flint River, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius deanae, the Conchas crayfish is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to the United States. The common name refers to the Conchas Lake, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius jonesi, the Sucarnoochee River crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. The common name refers to the Sucarnoochee River, near where the original specimens were found in Kemper County, Mississippi. It is endemic to Mississippi and Alabama in the United States.
Faxonius menae, the Mena crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Oklahoma and Arkansas in the United States. The specific epithet and common name both refer to Mena, Arkansas, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius peruncus, the Big Creek crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Missouri. The common name refers to Big Creek, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius stannardi, the Little Wabash crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Illinois. The common name refers to the Little Wabash River, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius wrighti, the Hardin crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to the United States. The common name refers to Hardin County, Tennessee, where the original specimens were found.
Faxonius limosus, synonym Orconectes limosus, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to the east coast of North America, from Quebec to the lower James River, Virginia, but has also been introduced to Europe. It is known commonly as the spinycheek crayfish or Kamberkrebs in German.
Faxonius obscurus is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to the northeastern United States, where it occurs in Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is an introduced species in adjacent regions, including Massachusetts, Vermont, and Ontario in Canada. It is known commonly as the Allegheny crayfish and the obscure crayfish.
Faxonius virilis is a species of crayfish known as the virile crayfish, northern crayfish,eastern crayfish, and lesser known as the lake crayfish or common crawfish. Faxonius virilis was reclassified in August 2017, and the genus was changed from Orconectes to Faxonius. It is native to the central United States, east to tributaries of Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River in New York and to much of Canada.
Faxonius alabamensis, the Alabama crayfish, is a species of freshwater crayfish that lives in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.
Faxonius maletae, sometimes called the Kisatchie painted crayfish or Kisatchie painted crawfish, is a species of crawdad in the Cambaridae family. The specific epithet maletae is in honor of the discoverer's wife, author Maleta M. Walls, who helped collect many of the original specimens. It was originally described as a subspecies of Orconectes difficilis, but later elevated to full species status. The common name refers to the Kisatchie National Forest, near where the original specimens were found in Bayou Santabarb.
Faxonius erichsonianus is a species in the family Cambaridae ("crayfishes"), in the order Decapoda. A common name for Faxonius erichsonianus is reticulate crayfish. Faxonius erichsonianus is found in the south eastern United States of America.
Faxonius validus, the powerful crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America.
Faxonius is a genus of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae. There are more than 90 described species in Faxonius. It includes the rusty crayfish, an invasive species in North America, and three species, F. virilis, F. immunis, and F. limosus, that are invasive to Europe.
Faxonius lancifer, the shrimp crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is widespread in the South-Eastern United States.
Faxonius neglectus, a species of freshwater crayfish also known as the ringed crayfish, is native to Central North America, with two major disjunct areas of distribution in the Ozarks and around Nebraska. The species name, Faxonius neglectus, was previously Orconectes neglectus. Faxonius was declared its own genus in 2017 by Crandall & De Grave, as many previously thought Orconectes species were found to not reside in caves.