The Republic of the Marshall Islands has established bilateral diplomatic relations with 112 countries. Regional cooperation, through membership in various regional and international organizations, is a key element in its foreign policy. [1]
The Marshall Islands became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991. The Marshall Islands maintains embassies in the United States, Fiji, South Korea, Japan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). They also maintain a consulate in Honolulu, Hawaii and in Springdale, Arkansas, United States.
List of countries which the Marshall Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date [2] |
---|---|---|
1 | United States | 21 October 1986 |
2 | Federated States of Micronesia | 26 February 1987 |
3 | Australia | 8 July 1987 |
4 | Israel | 16 September 1987 |
5 | Fiji | 22 January 1988 |
6 | Kiribati | 4 June 1988 |
7 | New Zealand | 17 June 1988 |
8 | Philippines | 15 September 1988 |
9 | Papua New Guinea | 21 September 1988 |
10 | Japan | 9 December 1988 |
11 | Chile | 25 January 1990 |
12 | Solomon Islands | 23 May 1990 |
13 | Vanuatu | 1 August 1990 |
14 | Tuvalu | 14 September 1990 |
15 | Samoa | 22 October 1990 |
16 | Nauru | 22 February 1991 |
17 | South Korea | 16 March 1991 |
18 | Germany | 23 September 1991 |
19 | Peru | 14 November 1991 |
20 | Cyprus | 17 November 1991 |
21 | Maldives | 16 December 1991 |
22 | Poland | 17 December 1991 |
23 | Spain | 17 December 1991 |
24 | United Kingdom | 2 February 1992 |
25 | Sweden | 12 February 1992 |
26 | Greece | 14 February 1992 |
27 | Egypt | 2 May 1992 |
28 | Vietnam | 1 June 1992 |
29 | Costa Rica | 15 June 1992 |
30 | Colombia | 5 August 1992 |
31 | Russia | 6 August 1992 |
32 | Singapore | 28 August 1992 |
33 | Denmark | 17 September 1992 |
34 | Norway | 18 October 1992 |
35 | Slovenia | 19 October 1992 |
36 | Saint Lucia | 1992 |
37 | Iceland | 25 January 1993 |
38 | Finland | 26 January 1993 |
39 | Mexico | 28 January 1993 |
40 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 28 January 1993 |
41 | Seychelles | 2 February 1993 |
42 | France | 19 February 1993 |
43 | Austria | 1 March 1993 |
44 | Netherlands | 2 March 1993 |
45 | Barbados | 23 March 1993 |
46 | Argentina | 23 April 1993 |
47 | Belize | 30 April 1993 |
48 | Indonesia | 21 May 1993 |
49 | Malaysia | 4 June 1993 |
50 | Luxembourg | 20 July 1993 |
51 | Italy | 24 September 1993 |
52 | Thailand | 29 October 1993 |
53 | Malta | 8 February 1994 |
— | Holy See | 30 December 1994 |
54 | Portugal | 10 February 1995 |
55 | Andorra | 23 February 1995 |
56 | Kuwait | 27 September 1995 |
57 | Cape Verde | 1 December 1995 |
58 | Ukraine | 22 December 1995 |
59 | Brunei | 17 January 1996 |
60 | South Africa | 27 January 1996 |
61 | Romania | 29 January 1996 |
62 | Belgium | 29 May 1996 |
63 | Turkmenistan | 8 October 1996 |
64 | Mauritius | 23 October 1996 |
65 | India | 2 February 1997 |
66 | Canada | 14 August 1997 |
67 | Palau | 1 August 1998 |
— | Taiwan | 20 November 1998 |
68 | Slovakia | 29 January 1999 |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 3 May 2002 |
69 | Switzerland | 22 January 2003 |
70 | North Macedonia | 27 February 2003 |
71 | Turkey | 11 April 2008 |
72 | Czech Republic | 30 April 2009 |
73 | Uruguay | 2 December 2009 |
74 | Georgia | 18 February 2010 |
75 | Tajikistan | 18 February 2010 |
76 | Azerbaijan | 10 March 2010 [3] |
77 | United Arab Emirates | 3 June 2010 |
78 | Brazil | 27 July 2010 |
79 | Morocco | 13 September 2010 |
80 | Estonia | 12 July 2013 |
— | Cook Islands | 3 September 2013 |
— | Kosovo | 27 October 2013 |
81 | Mongolia | 23 May 2015 |
82 | Cuba | 28 September 2015 |
83 | Monaco | 29 September 2015 |
84 | Kyrgyzstan | 22 December 2016 |
85 | Cambodia | 20 January 2017 |
86 | Myanmar | 21 April 2017 |
87 | Guatemala | 20 July 2017 |
88 | El Salvador | 22 September 2017 |
89 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 18 December 2018 |
90 | Kazakhstan | 12 February 2019 |
91 | Eswatini | 15 April 2019 |
92 | Nicaragua | 13 June 2019 |
93 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23 September 2019 |
94 | Dominican Republic | 23 September 2019 |
95 | Croatia | 24 September 2019 |
96 | Ecuador | 24 September 2019 |
97 | Honduras | 24 September 2019 |
98 | Liechtenstein | 24 September 2019 |
99 | Lithuania | 24 September 2019 |
100 | East Timor | 25 September 2019 |
101 | Algeria | 26 September 2019 |
102 | Lebanon | 26 September 2019 |
103 | Paraguay | 26 September 2019 |
104 | Hungary | 27 September 2019 |
105 | Ireland | 8 January 2021 [4] |
106 | Latvia | 19 September 2022 [5] |
107 | Tonga | 21 September 2022 [6] |
108 | Jamaica | 23 September 2022 [3] |
109 | Bulgaria | 12 June 2023 [3] |
110 | Nepal | 23 June 2023 [3] |
111 | Qatar | 12 July 2023 [3] |
112 | Pakistan | 25 January 2024 [3] |
Country | Notes |
---|---|
India | See India–Marshall Islands relations As per the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India, India established diplomatic relations with Republic of the Marshall Islands in April 1995. Development assistance from India has included a grant of US$100,000 in June 2008 for a solar street lighting project in the capital city of Majuro and grant of 5 ITEC scholarships in November 2010. Marshall Islands has been supportive of issues of importance to India, particularly Indian candidature to international organizations. It supported India's candidature for the non-permanent membership of the UN Security Council for the 2011–12 term. Presently, there are about 10 Indian nationals in the Marshall Islands. [7] |
Israel | See Israel–Marshall Islands relations |
Kosovo | See Kosovo–Marshall Islands relations The Marshall Islands officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on the 17 April 2008. [8] |
Micronesia | See Marshall Islands–Federated States of Micronesia relations The Marshall Islands and Micronesia share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States. |
Mexico | |
Palau | See Marshall Islands-Palau relations The Marshall Islands and Palau share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States. |
South Korea | See Marshall Islands-South Korea relations The Republic of the Marshall Islands and Republic of Korea have good diplomatic relations.
|
Turkey |
|
United States | See Marshall Islands–United States relations The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain a strong and stable relationship under the Compact of Free Association. The US has full responsibility in the country's defense, financial aid, and social services. In return, the U.S. provides healthcare services, security, and freedom of movement between U.S., American Samoan, and Marshall Islander citizens. In international politics, Marshall Islands has often voted with the United States with respect to United Nations General Assembly resolutions. [13]
|
Hong Kong national security law
In June 2020, the Marshall Islands openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law. [16]
A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually denotes an embassy or high commission, which is the main office of a country's diplomatic representatives to another country; it is usually, but not necessarily, based in the receiving state's capital city. Consulates, on the other hand, are smaller diplomatic missions that are normally located in major cities of the receiving state. As well as being a diplomatic mission to the country in which it is situated, an embassy may also be a nonresident permanent mission to one or more other countries.
The government of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) conducts its own foreign relations. Since independence in 1986, the FSM has established diplomatic relations with 92 countries, including all of its Pacific neighbors.
Foreign relations of Latvia are the primary responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Today's Republic of Latvia regards itself as a continuation of the 1918–1940 republic. After the declaration on the restoration of its full independence on August 21, 1991, Latvia became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of UN organizations and other international agreements. Latvia welcomes further cooperation and integration with NATO, European Union, OECD and other Western organizations. It also seeks more active participation in UN peacekeeping efforts worldwide.
Belize maintains 14 embassies to foreign countries, one consulate, and three missions to international organizations. In 1990, Belize became a member of the Organization of American States, and the Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
Foreign relations of Israel refers to diplomatic and trade relations between Israel and other countries around the world. Israel has diplomatic ties with 164 of the other 192 UN member states as of December 2020. Israel is a member of the United Nations (UN) and a number of other international organisations. Israel maintains full diplomatic relations with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In 2020, Israel signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with four Arab League countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco. As of 2021, Israel had formal diplomatic relations with 168 other countries, while twenty-eight UN member states have either never established, or have broken off diplomatic relations with Israel.
The Maldives has remained an independent nation throughout its recorded history, save for a brief spell of Portuguese occupation in the mid-16th century. From 1887 to 1965, the country was a British protectorate while retaining full internal sovereignty. At its independence in 1965, the Maldives joined the United Nations on 20 September.
Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated by the president to serve as the country's diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. Under Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, their appointment must be confirmed by the United States Senate; while an ambassador may be appointed during a recess, they can serve only until the end of the next session of Congress, unless subsequently confirmed.
Palau gained its independence October 1, 1994, with the entry into force of the Compact of Free Association with the United States. Palau was the last Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands territories to gain its independence. Under the Compact, the U.S. remains responsible for Palau's defense for 50 years.
From 1916 to 1975, Tuvalu was part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony of the United Kingdom. A referendum was held in 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a consequence of the referendum, the separate British colonies of Kiribati and Tuvalu were formed. Tuvalu became fully independent as a sovereign state within the Commonwealth on 1 October 1978. On 5 September 2000, Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations.
Tonga, by a modification of its treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in July 1970, is responsible for its own external affairs. It maintains cordial relations with most countries and has close relations with its Pacific neighbours and the United Kingdom. In 1998, it recognized the People's Republic of China and broke relations with Taiwan.
In a referendum on 21 May 2006, the people of Montenegro opted to leave the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. This result was confirmed with a declaration of independence by the Montenegrin parliament on 3 June 2006. It simultaneously requested international recognition and outlined foreign policy goals.
There are 122 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 61 are consulates-general and 61 are consulates and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, some consuls-general in Hong Kong report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing.
Kiribati and the United States have diplomatic relations. Geographically, Kiribati is the closest neighboring country to the state of Hawaii.
Tonga – United States relations are bilateral relations between Tonga and the United States.
A de facto embassy is an office or organisation that serves de facto as an embassy in the absence of normal or official diplomatic relations among countries, usually to represent nations which lack full diplomatic recognition, regions or dependencies of countries, or territories over which sovereignty is disputed. In some cases, diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality may be granted.