Foreign relations of Kiribati

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Kiribati is a full member of the Commonwealth, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999. Kiribati hosted the Thirty-First Pacific Islands Forum in October 2000. Kiribati has Least Developed Country Status and its interests rarely extend beyond the region. Through accession to the Lomé Convention, then Cotonou Agreement, Kiribati is also a member of the African Caribbean and Pacific Group. Kiribati maintains good relations with most countries and has particularly close ties to Pacific neighbours Japan, Australia, South Korea and New Zealand. Kiribati briefly suspended its relations with France in 1995 over that country's decision to renew nuclear testing in the South Pacific.

Contents

Kiribati established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in November 2003, but cut off all relations in September 2019 when Kiribati switched diplomatic recognition to Beijing. Taiwan's foreign minister stated that Kiribati had "unrealistic" expectations from China and ordered the embassy to evacuate. [1]

Regional relations

Kiribati maintains strong regional ties in the Pacific. Until recently it was a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the South Pacific Tourism Organisation, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Kiribati is one of the eight signatories of the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest which collectively controls 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply . In 1985, Kiribati was one of the nine initial endorsers of the Treaty of Rarotonga creating the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty.

Extra-regional relations

Kiribati was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations in 1979 upon its independence, and to the United Nations in 1999.

Additionally outside the region, Kiribati is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the IMF, International Maritime Organization, International Olympic Committee, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Universal Postal Union and the World Meteorological Organization. Finally, while Kiribati is not a member of the World Trade Organization, it does retain observer status.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Kiribati maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Kiribati.svg
#CountryDate
1Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 12 July 1979 [2]
2Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 12 July 1979 [3]
3Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 12 July 1979 [4]
4Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 12 July 1979 [5]
5Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 July 1979 [6]
6Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 21 March 1980 [7]
7Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 29 April 1980 [8]
8Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 2 May 1980 [9]
9Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 6 June 1980 [10]
10Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 25 June 1980 [11]
11Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1 July 1980 [12]
12Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 30 July 1980 [13]
13Flag of the United States.svg  United States 12 August 1980 [14]
14Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 20 January 1981 [15]
15Flag of France.svg  France 13 October 1982 [16]
16Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 1982 [17]
17Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 29 October 1983 [18]
18Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 15 November 1983 [19]
19Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu March 1984 [20]
20Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 21 May 1984 [21]
21Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1984 [22]
22Flag of India.svg  India 7 August 1985 [23]
23Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Before 1986 [24]
24Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 4 June 1988 [25]
25Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 9 December 1988 [26]
26Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 20 March 1989 [27]
27Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 7 September 1989 [28]
28Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 5 September 1990 [29]
29Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Before 1995 [30]
30Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru Before 1995 [30]
—Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 10 April 1995 [31]
31Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 12 July 1995 [32]
32Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 7 December 1995 [33]
33Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 30 August 1999 [34]
34Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 25 March 2000 [35]
35Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland September 2000 [36]
36Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 21 March 2001 [37]
37Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2 September 2002 [38]
38Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1 June 2004 [39]
39Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2004 [40] [41]
40Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 29 June 2005 [42]
41Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 15 September 2005 [43]
42Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 13 October 2005 [44]
43Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 21 September 2006 [45]
44Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 27 June 2007 [46]
45Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 20 June 2008 [47]
46Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 21 September 2010 [48]
47Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 25 September 2010 [49]
48Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 25 March 2011 [50]
49Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 24 September 2011 [43]
50Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 27 September 2012 [51]
51Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 28 September 2012 [52]
52Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 28 September 2012 [53]
53Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 8 May 2013 [54]
—Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 3 September 2013 [55]
54Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 15 January 2014 [43]
55Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 15 January 2014 [43]
56Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 17 January 2014 [43]
57Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 18 February 2014 [43]
58Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 4 March 2014 [43]
59Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 20 June 2014 [43]
60Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 4 September 2014 [56]
61Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 15 September 2014 [43]
62Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 2 March 2015 [57]
63Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 10 April 2015 [43]
64Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 26 January 2016 [58]
65Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 28 March 2016 [43]
66Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 17 June 2016 [43]
67Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 26 August 2016 [43]
68Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 27 February 2017 [59]
69Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 8 August 2017 [60]
70Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 22 January 2018 [43]
71Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 9 July 2018 [61]
72Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 25 September 2018 [43]
73Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 25 September 2018 [62]
74Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 26 September 2018 [63]
75Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 5 April 2019 [43]
76Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 17 August 2019 [64]
77Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 26 September 2019 [43]
78Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 17 May 2021 [43]
79Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 27 May 2021 [43]
80Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 3 June 2021 [43]
81Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 8 June 2021 [43]
82Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 20 August 2021 [43]
83Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 20 October 2021 [43]
84Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 29 October 2021 [65]
85Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 26 April 2022 [66]
86Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 21 September 2022 [43]
87Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 19 December 2023 [67]
88Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 30 January 2024 [43]
89Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Unknown
90Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Unknown
91Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga Unknown
92Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Unknown

Bilateral relations

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 12 July 1979
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 25 June 1980, broke off 29 November 2003. Restored 27 September 2019. [69]
Kiribati President Taneti Mamau and Republic of China President Tsai Ing-wen in May 2016. Wu Yue Er Shi San Ri Zong Tong Jie Jian Ji Li Ba Si Zong Tong Ma Mao (Taneti Maamau)Kang Li Yi Xing (27208262585).jpg
Kiribati President Taneti Mamau and Republic of China President Tsai Ing-wen in May 2016.

Kiribati firstly established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1980. At that time, Kiribati had been the home to a satellite tracking base for PRC space program from 1997 until 2003. [70] On 7 November 2003, Kiribati established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC). Although it did not sever ties with the PRC, expressing the intention to continue relations, Beijing suspended ties on 29 November after failed attempts to lobby President Anote Tong to change his mind.

On 9 January 2004, the ROC opened its embassy in Kiribati. [71] On 31 May 2013, Kiribati opened its embassy in Taipei. This was the first ever Kiribati embassy outside of Oceania. Teekoa Iuta became Kiribati's first ambassador to the country. [72] On 20 September 2019, Kiribati switched diplomatic relations from Taiwan to China, effectively cutting all relations to Taiwan. [73] Taiwanese Foreign Minister Joseph Wu said Beijing had used "dollar diplomacy" to influence the Kiribati government. [74]

On 15 July 2023, the Chinese military hospital ship “Peace Ark” made harbor at Tarawa, Kiribati, the first Chinese military vessel to visit Kiribati. The seven-day visit was to include humanitarian and medical assistance, part of China’s effort to build relationships in the region, and was to be followed by stops in Tonga, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and East Timor. [75] [76]

Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2 September 2002 [77]

In the late 2000s, Kiribati began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Kiribati. There are currently sixteen doctors providing specialised medical care in Kiribati, with sixteen more scheduled to join them. [78] Cuban doctors have reportedly provided a dramatic improvement to the field of medical care in Kiribati, reducing the child mortality rate in that country by 80% [79] As of September 2008, over twenty I-Kiribati medical students are studying in Cuba, at Cuba's expense. [80] [81]

In September 2008, President Anote Tong attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana. By meeting President Raúl Castro to discuss "mutual friendship and cooperation", he became the first Pacific leader to pay a state visit to Cuba. [80] The two countries signed an agreement on increased cooperation in the field of health. [82]

Flag of France.svg  France 3 December 1982, broke off 6 September 1995, Restored 6 February 1997

The two countries maintain official diplomatic relations, but no diplomatic presence on each other's territory; the French embassy in Suva is accredited to Kiribati. [83]

In 1995, Kiribati briefly suspended its diplomatic relations with France in protest against French nuclear tests at Mururoa in French Polynesia. [84]

Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 28 September 2012
  • Georgia is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1 July 1980

German shipping companies opened a trade school for seamen in 1967. It exists until today. About I-Kiribati 5,000 seaman work for German shipping companies today. [85]

  • Kiribati has an honorary consul in Hamburg.
  • Germany has no embassy in Tarawa. The German embassy in Wellington is accredited for Kiribati.
Flag of India.svg  India 6 August 1985

Diplomatic relations between Kiribati and India were established on 6 August 1985. [86] At the Post Forum Dialogue partner meeting in 2006, India announced that it would provide a grant-in-aid of US$100,000 annually to each of the 14 Pacific Island countries, including Kiribati. [87] This was increased to US$125,000 from 2009. [88]

Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 13 October 2005
  • Kiribati does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [89]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 12 July 1979
  • Kiribati has an honorary consulate in Wellington.
  • New Zealand has a high commission in Tarawa. [90]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 2 May 1980

The Republic of Kiribati and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1980.

  • Kiribati and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations and others things. [91]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 July 1979

Britain has long-standing historic links with Kiribati. The first British visitor to Kiribati was reputed to be Commodore John Byron in 1765, the immediate predecessor of James Cook's more famous explorations of the Pacific between 1769 and 1779. With the growth of the British settlement in Australia's New South Wales, whaling became a key element of the regional economy, and up to the 1870s British whalers were regular visitors to the waters surrounding Kiribati. Through its network of sovereign posts in the region (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Australia), the UK maintains bilateral programmes with Kiribati sponsored by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Department for Environment and Department for International Development and other government departments. The UK Government's engagement in Kiribati is largely delivered through the Commonwealth, the European Union and The Asian Development Bank.

Flag of the United States.svg  United States 12 August 1980

Following its independence in 1979, Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States. [92] The United States Department of State characterizes U.S.–Kiribati relations as "excellent", as of 2009. [92] Diplomatic relations are conducted by the I-Kiribati Ambassador to the United States. Although the U.S. does not maintain a diplomatic office or consulate in Kiribati, staff from the American embassy in Suva, Fiji make frequent visits to Kiribati. [92] The U.S. provides economic development assistance through multilateral institutions. [92] From 1967 to 2008, the United States Peace Corps operated in Kiribati. [92]

Aid & Development

Kiribati receives development aid from the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, USA, the Asian Development Bank, UN agencies and (until 2019) Taiwan. In recent years it has accounted for 20–25% of Kiribati's GDP. Recent projects and notable inputs by the EU have included telecommunications (improvement of telephone exchanges and provision of radio and navigation equipment), the development of seaweed as an export crop, solar energy systems for the outer islands, the upgrading of the Control Tower and fire fighting services at Tarawa's Bonriki International Airport, outer island social development, health services and extensive support for the Kiribati Vocational Training Programme. Additionally, Cuba provides doctors, as well as scholarships for I-Kiribati medical students. [80]

See also

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References

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  2. ↑ Australian Representations Overseas, image:70. Australian foreign affairs record.Vol. 50 No. 7 (July 1979).
  3. ↑ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. ↑ "Fiji celebrates 40 years of Kiribati's independence". 13 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Briefing Notes for Minister of Foreign Affairs, The Rt. Honourable Sir Peter Kenilorea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Solomon Islands. 1988. p. 32.
  6. ↑ The Diplomatic Service List - Page 92. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office · 1994.
  7. ↑ Daily Report: Asia & Pacific - Issues 51-65 - Page 11. March 1980.
  8. ↑ "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions - K". mfat.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "Countries & Regions: Kiribati (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  10. ↑ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1979. p. 98.
  11. ↑ "China Kiribati Notes Establishing Diplomatic Relations". Wikisource . Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  12. ↑ "Germany and Kiribati: Bilateral relations (Federal Foreign Office of Germany)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  13. ↑ "Asia/Pacific Division". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  14. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Kiribati (Office of the Historian)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  16. ↑ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French): 72.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ↑ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  18. ↑ Revista peruana de derecho internacional: órgano de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional (in Spanish). Vol. 40. Impr. Torres Aguirre. 1988. p. 343.
  19. ↑ "Kiribati Relações Diplomáticas (Portal Diplomatico Republica Portuguesa)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  20. ↑ Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017. CQ Press. 2017. p. 810.
  21. ↑ Keesing's Record of World Events - Volume 33 - Page 35206. Longman. 1987.
  22. ↑ "Political Relations" . Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  23. ↑ Keesing's Record of World Events. Vol. 33. Longman. 1987. p. 35206.
  24. ↑ Foreign Affairs Review. Vol. 6. 1986. p. 28.
  25. ↑ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  26. ↑ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  27. ↑ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  28. ↑ "Singapore Government Press Release (National Archives Library 12 Sep. 1989)" (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  29. ↑ "Today Russia and Kiribati celebrate 27th Anniversary of diplomatic relations (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  35. ↑ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Kiribati celebrate 21 years of formal diplomatic relations today, March 25! (DFA Philippines)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  39. ↑ "Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et la République de Kiribati (Le Conseil fédéral Le portail du Gouvernement suisse) (in French)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Diplomatic relations between Kiribati and ..." Retrieved 7 July 2023.
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  46. ↑ Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic Between January 2007 and December 2007. Ministry of foreign affairs of the Czech Republic. 2008. p. 339. ISBN   9788086345680 . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  47. ↑ "Turkey establishes diplomatic relations with Kiribati" (in Turkish). 20 August 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  48. ↑ "Nova York - Estabelecimento de Relações Diplomáticas com Kiribati". flickr.com (in Portuguese). 21 September 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  49. ↑ "مصر تقيم علاقات دبلوماسية مع 3 دول جزرية بالمحيط الهادى" (in Arabic). 26 September 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  50. ↑ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  51. ↑ "Gambia Establishes Diplomatic Ties With Two Pacific Countries (The Daily Observer". 3 October 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  52. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Georgia and the Kiribati were established on 28 September, 2012. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  53. ↑ "Överenskommelse med Kiribati om upprättande av diplomatiska förbindelser (Sveriges internationella överenskommelser)" (in Swedish). Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  54. ↑ "Bilateral Cooperation". 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  55. ↑ "Cook Island establishes diplomatic relations with Kiribati, Palau and Marshall Islands". 4 September 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  56. ↑ "Estonia established diplomatic relations with Kiribati". 9 September 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  57. ↑ "Today Poland established diplomatic relations with Kiribati". 2 March 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  58. ↑ "Kiribati (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  59. ↑ "Seychelles establishes relations with the Republic of Kiribati(Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Tourism - Foreign Affairs Department Republic of Seychelles)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  60. ↑ "Signing Joint Communiqué on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Kiribati (Mission of Jordan to UN)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  61. ↑ "Establishment of the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kiribati (Embassy of Romania to the Commonwealth of Australia)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  62. ↑ "List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  63. ↑ "Armenia and Kiribati establish diplomatic relations (ARMENPRESS)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  64. ↑ "Norway and Kiribati sign agreement on diplomatic relations in margins of Pacific Summit successfully chaired (Paul Gulleik Larsen)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  65. ↑ "Algeria & Kiribati formally established, today, diplomatic relations at a ceremony held at the Permanent Mission of Algeria to the UN in New York (Algeria to the UN)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  66. ↑ "JAMAICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Jamaica)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  67. ↑ "The Kingdom begins a new chapter in its relations by signing diplomatic relations with Kiribati". 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  68. ↑ High Commission of Australia in Tarawa
  69. ↑ "People's Republic of China and Kiribati resumption diplomatic relations".
  70. ↑ News, Taiwan. "Taiwan News Online － Breaking News, Politics, Environment, Immigrants, Travel, and Health". Taiwan News. Retrieved 29 December 2018.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  71. ↑ "Embassy opens in diplomatic ally Kiribati – Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com. 10 January 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  72. ↑ "Kiribati opens embassy in Taiwan", Focus Taiwan, 31 May 2013
  73. ↑ "Kiribati cuts ties with Taiwan in diplomatic switch to China days after Solomon Islands pivot". ABC News. 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  74. ↑ "Taiwan loses another ally as Kiribati cuts ties". BBC News. SCMP. 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  75. ↑ Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Kiribati (17 July 2023). "The Chinese navy hospital ship "Peace Ark" Arrived at Tarawa". ki.china-embassy.gov.cn. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  76. ↑ Tian, Yew Lun (16 July 2023). "Chinese military-run hospital ship arrives in Kiribati". Reuters.com. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  77. ↑ "President of Kiribati in Cuba on Official Visit. Cuba and Kiribati established diplomatic relations on September 2, 2002". Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  78. ↑ Pacific Magazine: Six More Cuban Physicians To Serve In Kiribati [ permanent dead link ]
  79. ↑ "Cuban doctors reduce Kiribati infant mortality rate by 80 percent". Radio New Zealand International . 19 July 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  80. 1 2 3 "Kiribati's Tong Meets Castro, Heads To UN" [ permanent dead link ], Pacific Magazine, 18 September 2008
  81. ↑ "Kiribati discusses medical training with Cuba". Radio New Zealand International . 6 September 2006. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  82. ↑ "Cuba, Kiribati Cooperate in Health" [ permanent dead link ], Prensa Latina, 18 September 2008
  83. ↑ "French Foreign Affairs Ministry". Archived from the original on 25 November 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  84. ↑ "Timeline: Kiribati", BBC, 29 April 2009
  85. ↑ Einflusskämpfe im Westpazifik (II), german-foreign-policy.com 5 July 2018.
  86. ↑ Association, Pacific Islands News. "Kiribati says Cooperation with India needs to be Consolidated" . Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  87. ↑ Crocombe, R. G. (1 January 2007). Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West. ISBN   9789820203884.
  88. ↑ "India-Tuvalu relations, Ministry of external affairs, India" (PDF).
  89. ↑ Relations between Mexico and Malaysia, Kiribati and Nauru (in Spanish)
  90. ↑ "High Commission of New Zealand in Tarawa". Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  91. ↑ https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=13
  92. 1 2 3 4 5 Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (May 2009). "Background Note: Kiribati". United States Department of State website. Retrieved 6 August 2009. Relations between Kiribati and the United States are excellent.
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