Foreign relations of Kiribati

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Kiribati is a full member of the Commonwealth, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999. Kiribati hosted the Thirty-First Pacific Islands Forum in October 2000. Kiribati has Least Developed Country Status and its interests rarely extend beyond the region. Through accession to the Lomé Convention, then Cotonou Agreement, Kiribati is also a member of the African Caribbean and Pacific Group. Kiribati maintains good relations with most countries and has particularly close ties to Pacific neighbours Japan, Australia, South Korea and New Zealand. Kiribati briefly suspended its relations with France in 1995 over that country's decision to renew nuclear testing in the South Pacific.

Contents

Kiribati established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in November 2003, but cut off all relations in September 2019 when Kiribati switched diplomatic recognition to Beijing. Taiwan's foreign minister stated that Kiribati had "unrealistic" expectations from China and ordered the embassy to evacuate. [1]

Regional relations

Kiribati maintains strong regional ties in the Pacific. Until recently it was a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the South Pacific Tourism Organisation, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Kiribati is one of the eight signatories of the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest which collectively controls 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply . In 1985, Kiribati was one of the nine initial endorsers of the Treaty of Rarotonga creating the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty.

Extra-regional relations

Kiribati was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations in 1979 upon its independence, and to the United Nations in 1999.

Additionally outside the region, Kiribati is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the IMF, International Maritime Organization, International Olympic Committee, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Universal Postal Union and the World Meteorological Organization. Finally, while Kiribati is not a member of the World Trade Organization, it does retain observer status.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Kiribati maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Kiribati.svg
#CountryDate
1Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 12 July 1979 [2]
2Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 12 July 1979 [3]
3Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 12 July 1979 [4]
4Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 12 July 1979 [5]
5Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 July 1979 [6]
6Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 21 March 1980 [7]
7Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 29 April 1980 [8]
8Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 2 May 1980 [9]
9Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 6 June 1980 [10]
10Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 25 June 1980 [11]
11Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1 July 1980 [12]
12Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 30 July 1980 [13]
13Flag of the United States.svg  United States 12 August 1980 [14]
14Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 20 January 1981 [15]
15Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 15 March 1982 [16]
16Flag of France.svg  France 13 October 1982 [17]
17Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 29 October 1983 [18]
18Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 15 November 1983 [19]
19Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu March 1984 [20]
20Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 21 May 1984 [21]
21Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1984 [22]
22Flag of India.svg  India 7 August 1985 [23]
23Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Before 1986 [24]
24Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 4 June 1988 [25]
25Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 9 December 1988 [26]
26Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 20 March 1989 [27]
27Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 7 September 1989 [28]
28Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 5 September 1990 [29]
29Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Before 1995 [30]
30Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru Before 1995 [30]
—Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 10 April 1995 [31]
31Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 12 July 1995 [32]
32Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 7 December 1995 [33]
33Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 30 August 1999 [34]
34Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 25 March 2000 [35]
35Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland September 2000 [36]
36Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 21 March 2001 [37]
37Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2 September 2002 [38]
38Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1 June 2004 [39]
39Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2004 [40] [41]
40Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 29 June 2005 [42]
41Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 15 September 2005 [43]
42Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 13 October 2005 [44]
43Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 21 September 2006 [45]
44Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 27 June 2007 [46]
45Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 20 June 2008 [47]
46Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 21 September 2010 [48]
47Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 25 September 2010 [49]
48Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 25 March 2011 [50]
49Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 24 September 2011 [43]
50Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 27 September 2012 [51]
51Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 28 September 2012 [52]
52Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 28 September 2012 [53]
53Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 8 May 2013 [54]
—Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 3 September 2013 [55]
54Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 15 January 2014 [43]
55Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 15 January 2014 [43]
56Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 17 January 2014 [43]
57Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 18 February 2014 [43]
58Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 4 March 2014 [43]
59Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 20 June 2014 [43]
60Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 4 September 2014 [56]
61Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 15 September 2014 [43]
62Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 2 March 2015 [57]
63Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 10 April 2015 [43]
64Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 26 January 2016 [58]
65Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 28 March 2016 [43]
66Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 17 June 2016 [43]
67Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 26 August 2016 [43]
68Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 27 February 2017 [59]
69Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 8 August 2017 [60]
70Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 22 January 2018 [43]
71Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 9 July 2018 [61]
72Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 25 September 2018 [43]
73Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 25 September 2018 [62]
74Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 26 September 2018 [63]
75Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 13 January 2019 [64]
76Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 5 April 2019 [43]
77Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 17 August 2019 [65]
78Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 26 September 2019 [43]
79Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 17 May 2021 [43]
80Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 27 May 2021 [43]
81Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 3 June 2021 [43]
82Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 8 June 2021 [43]
83Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 20 August 2021 [43]
84Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 20 October 2021 [43]
85Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 29 October 2021 [66]
86Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 26 April 2022 [67]
87Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 21 September 2022 [43]
88Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 18 December 2023 [43]
89Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 30 January 2024 [43]
90Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 2 July 2024 [43]
91Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 17 July 2024 [43]
92Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 17 July 2024 [43]
93Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 18 July 2024 [43]
94Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 11 September 2024 [43]
95Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 4 October 2024 [68]
96Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Unknown
97Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Unknown
98Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga Unknown

Bilateral relations

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 12 July 1979
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 25 June 1980, broke off 29 November 2003. Restored 27 September 2019. [70]
Kiribati President Taneti Mamau and Republic of China President Tsai Ing-wen in May 2016. Wu Yue Er Shi San Ri Zong Tong Jie Jian Ji Li Ba Si Zong Tong Ma Mao (Taneti Maamau)Kang Li Yi Xing (27208262585).jpg
Kiribati President Taneti Mamau and Republic of China President Tsai Ing-wen in May 2016.

Kiribati firstly established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1980. At that time, Kiribati had been the home to a satellite tracking base for PRC space program from 1997 until 2003. [71] On 7 November 2003, Kiribati established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC). Although it did not sever ties with the PRC, expressing the intention to continue relations, Beijing suspended ties on 29 November after failed attempts to lobby President Anote Tong to change his mind.

On 9 January 2004, the ROC opened its embassy in Kiribati. [72] On 31 May 2013, Kiribati opened its embassy in Taipei. This was the first ever Kiribati embassy outside of Oceania. Teekoa Iuta became Kiribati's first ambassador to the country. [73] On 20 September 2019, Kiribati switched diplomatic relations from Taiwan to China, effectively cutting all relations to Taiwan. [74] Taiwanese Foreign Minister Joseph Wu said Beijing had used "dollar diplomacy" to influence the Kiribati government. [75]

On 15 July 2023, the Chinese military hospital ship “Peace Ark” made harbor at Tarawa, Kiribati, the first Chinese military vessel to visit Kiribati. The seven-day visit was to include humanitarian and medical assistance, part of China’s effort to build relationships in the region, and was to be followed by stops in Tonga, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and East Timor. [76] [77]

Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2 September 2002 [78]

In the late 2000s, Kiribati began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Kiribati. There are currently sixteen doctors providing specialised medical care in Kiribati, with sixteen more scheduled to join them. [79] Cuban doctors have reportedly provided a dramatic improvement to the field of medical care in Kiribati, reducing the child mortality rate in that country by 80% [80] As of September 2008, over twenty I-Kiribati medical students are studying in Cuba, at Cuba's expense. [81] [82]

In September 2008, President Anote Tong attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana. By meeting President Raúl Castro to discuss "mutual friendship and cooperation", he became the first Pacific leader to pay a state visit to Cuba. [81] The two countries signed an agreement on increased cooperation in the field of health. [83]

Flag of France.svg  France 3 December 1982, broke off 6 September 1995, Restored 6 February 1997

The two countries maintain official diplomatic relations, but no diplomatic presence on each other's territory; the French embassy in Suva is accredited to Kiribati. [84]

In 1995, Kiribati briefly suspended its diplomatic relations with France in protest against French nuclear tests at Mururoa in French Polynesia. [85]

Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 28 September 2012
  • Georgia is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1 July 1980

German shipping companies opened a trade school for seamen in 1967. It exists until today. About I-Kiribati 5,000 seaman work for German shipping companies today. [86]

  • Kiribati has an honorary consul in Hamburg.
  • Germany has no embassy in Tarawa. The German embassy in Wellington is accredited for Kiribati.
Flag of India.svg  India 6 August 1985

Diplomatic relations between Kiribati and India were established on 6 August 1985. [87] At the Post Forum Dialogue partner meeting in 2006, India announced that it would provide a grant-in-aid of US$100,000 annually to each of the 14 Pacific Island countries, including Kiribati. [88] This was increased to US$125,000 from 2009. [89]

Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 13 October 2005
  • Kiribati does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [90]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 12 July 1979
  • Kiribati has an honorary consulate in Wellington.
  • New Zealand has a high commission in Tarawa. [91]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 2 May 1980

The Republic of Kiribati and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1980.

  • Kiribati and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations and others things. [92]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 July 1979

Britain has long-standing historic links with Kiribati. The first British visitor to Kiribati was reputed to be Commodore John Byron in 1765, the immediate predecessor of James Cook's more famous explorations of the Pacific between 1769 and 1779. With the growth of the British settlement in Australia's New South Wales, whaling became a key element of the regional economy, and up to the 1870s British whalers were regular visitors to the waters surrounding Kiribati. Through its network of sovereign posts in the region (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Australia), the UK maintains bilateral programmes with Kiribati sponsored by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Department for Environment and Department for International Development and other government departments. The UK Government's engagement in Kiribati is largely delivered through the Commonwealth, the European Union and The Asian Development Bank.

Flag of the United States.svg  United States 12 August 1980

Following its independence in 1979, Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States. [93] The United States Department of State characterizes U.S.–Kiribati relations as "excellent", as of 2009. [93] Diplomatic relations are conducted by the I-Kiribati Ambassador to the United States. Although the U.S. does not maintain a diplomatic office or consulate in Kiribati, staff from the American embassy in Suva, Fiji make frequent visits to Kiribati. [93] The U.S. provides economic development assistance through multilateral institutions. [93] From 1967 to 2008, the United States Peace Corps operated in Kiribati. [93]

Aid & Development

Kiribati receives development aid from the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, USA, the Asian Development Bank, UN agencies and (until 2019) Taiwan. In recent years it has accounted for 20–25% of Kiribati's GDP. Recent projects and notable inputs by the EU have included telecommunications (improvement of telephone exchanges and provision of radio and navigation equipment), the development of seaweed as an export crop, solar energy systems for the outer islands, the upgrading of the Control Tower and fire fighting services at Tarawa's Bonriki International Airport, outer island social development, health services and extensive support for the Kiribati Vocational Training Programme. Additionally, Cuba provides doctors, as well as scholarships for I-Kiribati medical students. [81]

See also

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References

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  2. ↑ Australian Representations Overseas, image:70. Australian foreign affairs record.Vol. 50 No. 7 (July 1979). Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. ↑ "Fiji celebrates 40 years of Kiribati's independence". 13 July 2019. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Briefing Notes for Minister of Foreign Affairs, The Rt. Honourable Sir Peter Kenilorea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Solomon Islands. 1988. p. 32.
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  8. ↑ "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions - K". mfat.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
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  10. ↑ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1979. p. 98.
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  15. ↑ "RELACIONES DIPLOMATICAS DE CHILE CON LOS PAISES DE LA CUENCA DEL PACIFICO (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Republica de Chile)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  18. ↑ Revista peruana de derecho internacional: órgano de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional (in Spanish). Vol. 40. Impr. Torres Aguirre. 1988. p. 343.
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  20. ↑ Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017. CQ Press. 2017. p. 810.
  21. ↑ Keesing's Record of World Events - Volume 33 - Page 35206. Longman. 1987.
  22. ↑ "Political Relations". Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  23. ↑ Keesing's Record of World Events. Vol. 33. Longman. 1987. p. 35206.
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  25. ↑ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  26. ↑ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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  29. ↑ "Today Russia and Kiribati celebrate 27th Anniversary of diplomatic relations (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia)". Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  30. 1 2 Ueantabo Fakaofo Neemia (1995). "Smallness, islandness and foreign policy behaviour: aspects of island microstates foreign policy behaviour with special reference to Cook Islands and Kiribatiю (Thesis) University of Wollongong.Download 02Whole.pdf (4523 kB).Page 229". Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  31. ↑ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  33. ↑ "Stati di servizio del personale della carriera diplomatica e della dirigenza del ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale che ha cessato di far parte dell'amministrazione dal 1° Gennaio 2000 al 5 Luglio 2016" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 94. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
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  37. ↑ "Maroc: Rabat établit des relations diplomatiques avec le Kiribati (Panafrican News Agency (Dakar) (fr.allafrica.com)" . Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  38. ↑ "En Cuba, Presidente de Kiribati" (in Spanish). 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  39. ↑ "Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et la République de Kiribati (Le Conseil fédéral Le portail du Gouvernement suisse) (in French)". Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  40. ↑ Außenpolitischer Bericht 2003 (PDF) (in German). Vienna: bmeia.gv.at. 2003. p. 361. ISBN   3-214-08320-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  41. ↑ Außenpolitischer Bericht 2004 (PDF) (in German). Vienna: bmeia.gv.at. 2004. p. 354. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
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