Foreign relations of Solomon Islands

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The foreign policy of Solomon Islands as of 2008 was described by the Solomon Islands government as a "look north" policy, aimed as strengthening diplomatic and economic relations with Asian countries for development purposes. [1]

Contents

Diplomatic representation

Countries with diplomatic missions in Solomon Islands are Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The U.S. ambassador resident in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea is also accredited to Solomon Islands. Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Sweden and Malaysia have Honorary Consuls.

Solomon Islands has diplomatic missions in Canberra, Papua New Guinea, at the United Nations in New York, where the ambassador there is also accredited as its ambassador to the United States of America, UNESCO in Paris and high commissioner to Canada and at the European Commission in Brussels where the representative is also accredited as High Commissioner to the UK.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which the Solomon Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Solomon Islands.svg
#CountryDate [2]
1Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 7 July 1978 [3]
2Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 7 July 1978
3Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 7 July 1978 [3]
4Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 7 July 1978
5Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 7 July 1978 [3]
6Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7 July 1978 [3]
7Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 11 July 1978
30 October 1996
8Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 11 July 1978 [3]
9Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 17 July 1978 [4]
10Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 28 July 1978
11Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1 September 1978
12Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 15 September 1978 [5]
13Flag of the United States.svg  United States 9 October 1978
14Flag of France.svg  France 1 February 1979 [3]
15Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 28 February 1979 [3]
16Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 8 March 1979 [6]
17Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 12 July 1979 [3]
18Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 24 October 1979 [3]
19Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 7 July 1980 [3]
20Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 30 July 1980 [7]
21Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 8 August 1980 [8]
22Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 1 October 1980 [3]
23Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 18 December 1980 [9]
24Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1 February 1982 [3]
25Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 10 May 1983 [3]
26Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 28 July 1983 [3]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 9 May 1983 [10]
27Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 2 May 1986
28Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1 March 1987 [3]
29Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 21 April 1987 [11]
30Flag of India.svg  India 1 May 1987
31Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 28 August 1987 [7]
32Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1 January 1989
33Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 18 October 1989
34Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 5 April 1990
35Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 21 May 1992 [12]
36Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 18 October 1995
37Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 30 October 1996
38Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 20 November 1996
39Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 26 November 1996
40Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 11 December 1996
41Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 16 July 1999
42Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 19 December 2002
43Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 27 September 2004
44Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 2 August 2005
45Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 13 October 2005
46Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 20 April 2007
47Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 8 May 2007
48Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 20 December 2007
49Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 26 September 2008
50Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 25 September 2009
51Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 4 December 2009
52Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 29 April 2010
53Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 5 May 2010
54Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 23 May 2010
55Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 18 November 2010 [13]
56Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 18 November 2010
57Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 19 November 2010
58Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 20 December 2010
59Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 23 December 2010
60Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 23 December 2010
61Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 23 December 2010
62Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 1 February 2011
63Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 4 February 2011
64Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 4 February 2011
65Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 8 February 2011
66Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 8 February 2011
67Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 14 February 2011
68Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 7 March 2011
69Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 8 March 2011
70Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 15 March 2011
71Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 20 April 2011
72Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 27 April 2011
73Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 4 May 2011
74Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 May 2011
75Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 11 May 2011
76Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 19 May 2011
77Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 19 May 2011
78Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 25 May 2011
79Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cabo Verde 26 May 2011
80Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 21 June 2011
81Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 27 June 2011
82Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 11 August 2011
83Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 27 September 2011
84Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 13 October 2011
85Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 18 October 2011
86Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 15 December 2011
87Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 20 December 2011
88Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor 21 December 2011
89Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 22 December 2011
90Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 January 2012
91Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 21 February 2012
92Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 22 February 2012
93Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 6 March 2012
94Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 6 March 2012
95Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 14 March 2012
96Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 18 March 2012
97Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 4 May 2012
98Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 6 May 2012
99Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 7 June 2012
100Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 28 June 2012
101Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 10 August 2012
102Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 17 August 2012
103Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 10 September 2012
104Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 11 September 2012
105Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 13 September 2012
106Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 20 September 2012
107Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 2012 [14]
108Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 3 July 2013
109Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 3 July 2013
110Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 22 July 2013
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 1 September 2013
111Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 11 September 2013
112Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 2 April 2014
113Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 31 May 2014
114Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 17 July 2014
115Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 22 December 2014
116Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 19 February 2016
117Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 1 July 2016
118Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 29 July 2016
119Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 27 October 2018
120Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 28 September 2019
121Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 20 December 2021 [15]
122Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 19 September 2022 [15]
123Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 21 September 2022 [15]
124Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 19 September 2023 [15]
125Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 19 September 2023 [15]
126Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 21 September 2023 [15]
127Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 22 September 2023 [15]
128Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 27 November 2023 [15]
129Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 15 March 2024 [15]

Bilateral relations

Current

CountryNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia See Australia–Solomon Islands relations

Relations with Australia were, until recently,[ when? ] strained, with prime minister Manasseh Sogavare, accusing Australia of "heavy-handed" interference in Solomon Islands' domestic affairs, subsequently expelling Australia's high commissioner Patrick Cole. In a nationally televised address, Sogavare claimed that the Australian-led security forces in Solomon Islands had not dealt properly with the country's underlying problems. [16]

"We are concerned that Canberra's policies are aimed at excluding and containing the peoples of the region, instead of working collectively to address fundamental problems of social instability that can only be solved through dialogue, rather than the use of development aid, and political force as leverage, to dictate Australia's involvement"

Sogavare also claimed that Australia's involvement in the region could be "driving this country down the path of another conflict that could be more serious" than the April 2006 riots that broke out after an election won by the former deputy prime minister Snyder Rini, when thousands of anti-government protesters burned down buildings in Solomon Islands' capital Honiara's Chinese district, alleging that either the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China had paid lawmakers to vote for Rini. [17]

Sogavare's successor, prime minister Derek Sikua, almost immediately set out to mend relations with Australia upon assuming office in December 2007. [18]

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China On 16 September 2019, after bribing government officials, [19] [20] [21] Solomon Islands parliament voted to end diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and to recognise China (PRC). Taiwan subsequently closed its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019. The new arrangement with PRC remained to be ratified on 19 September but is expected to proceed. [22] Following this move, a provincial leader had offered to lease the island of Tulagi to China in a deal that the attorney general found to be illegal. [23]

In late March 2022, the Solomon Islands Government confirmed that it was drafting a security pact with China that would allow the deployment of Chinese military and security forces in the country, naval deployments, and the establishment of a military base. This acknowledgement came after a draft of the security agreement was leaked online. In response, the Australian and New Zealand Governments expressed concerns that the establishment of a Chinese military presence in Solomon Islands would have serious implications for peace and security in the Pacific region. [24] [25] [26] In response, the Chinese Government defended law enforcement and bilateral cooperation with Solomon Islands and disputed Australian criticism that Beijing was coercing Solomon Islands. [27]

Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba See Cuba–Solomon Islands relations

In the late 2000s, Solomon Islands began to strengthen their relations with Cuba.

In April 2007, the Solomon Star reported that Solomon Islands' high commissioner to the United Nations was soon to be sworn in as ambassador to Cuba. [28] In September 2007, it was announced that 40 Cuban doctors would be sent to Solomon Islands. [29] The Solomons’ Minister of Foreign Affairs Patterson Oti said that Solomon Islander doctors would "learn from their Cuban colleagues in specialised areas". [30] In addition to providing doctors, Cuba provided scholarships for 50 Solomon Islanders to study medicine in Cuba for free. [31]

In September 2008, Solomon Islands' foreign minister William Haomae attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengthening cooperation", notably in coping with the impact of climate change. [32]

In July 2014, Solomon Islands prime minister Gordon Darcy Lilo opened Solomon Islands embassy in Havana, thus becoming the first Pacific Island country to have an embassy and resident ambassador in Cuba. [33]

Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2010. [34]
  • Cyprus is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia. [35]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji See Fiji–Solomon Islands relations

In August 2008, it was announced that Solomon Islands intended to open a High Commission in Suva, [36] and in December the government of Fiji announced that it had "formally endorsed the establishment of a Resident Diplomatic Mission in Suva by the Government of Solomon Islands". [37] Fiji's High Commission to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Solomon Islands.

Flag of Greece.svg  Greece
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1987. [38]
  • Greece is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia. [38]
Flag of India.svg  India See India–Solomon Islands relations

Diplomatic relations between India and Solomon Islands were established in May 1987.

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan

Diplomatic relations between Japan and Solomon Islands were established on 7 July 1978, the date the Solomon Islands became independent. Japan maintains an embassy at Honiara. [39]

Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia See Malaysia–Solomon Islands relations

Malaysia has an honorary consul in Solomon Islands while Malaysia high commission in Port Moresby also accredited to the country, [40] and Solomon Islands has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. [41] [42] [43]

Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand

New Zealand is represented in Solomon Islands by its High Commission in Honiara. [48] Solomon Islands is represented in New Zealand by its High Commission in Wellington. [49]

In response to civil conflict within the Solomon Islands, New Zealand contributed defence and civilian personnel to the Australian-led International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) following the Townsville Peace Agreement in October 2000. Between 2003 and 2017, New Zealand contributed both military and law enforcement personnel to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI). [50]

In March 2015, the New Zealand journalists Nicky Hager and Ryan Gallagher reported that NZ's signals intelligence agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), was using the internet mass surveillance system XKeyscore to intercept email communications from several senior Solomon Islands government ministers, the Solomons Islands Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and anti-corruption campaigner Benjamin Afuga. [51] In response, the New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully sought to reassure the Solomon Islands Government's concerns about New Zealand's mass surveillance program. The Solomons Chief of Staff, Robert Iroga, objected to the GCSB's tapping of his government's internal communications, which in his view damaged New Zealand's image as a "friendly government" in the South Pacific. [52]

In March 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern supported Australia's concerns about a planned security pact between China and Solomon Islands; claiming that it would lead to the militarisation of the South Pacific. [53]

Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan

Solomon Islands and Pakistan established foreign relations in February 2016, when high commissioner designate Naela Chohan, Pakistan's ambassador resident in Canberra, arrived in Honiara to sign an accord with minister for foreign affairs Milner Tozaka for the formal establishment of diplomatic ties. [54] A Joint Communique issued by the two senior officials remarked upon numerous areas of cooperation, including education, and policing, as well as bilateral trade ties. [55]

Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea

Relations between the current governments of Prime Minister Derek Sikua (Solomon Islands) and prime minister Michael Somare (Papua New Guinea) are, at present, cordial. [56]

Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea See Solomon Islands–South Korea relations

Solomon Islands and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on September 15, 1978.

  • Solomon Islands and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations. [57]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland

Solomon Islands and Switzerland established formal diplomatic relations on 20 December 2007, when representatives of both nations signed a joint communiqué in Canberra. [58] Beraki Jino, High Commissioner of Solomon Islands to Australia, and Christian Muhlethaler, Ambassador of Switzerland to Australia, signed the agreement on behalf of their respective governments. [58]

Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey See Solomon Islands–Turkey relations
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine

Ukraine is represented in Solomon Islands by its embassy in Canberra, Australia. [60]

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom The British Solomon Islands Protectorate was one of the last areas of the British Empire to gain independence. The official name was changed from British Solomon Islands Protectorate to Solomon Islands in 1975. Self-government was granted in 1976 also under that name. On achieving full independence as a sovereign state in 1978, the two countries immediately established diplomatic relations.

King Charles III is, severally, the head of state of both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands. Although the two offices are vested in the same person, he exercises his role as King of Solomon Islands independently of his role as the King of the United Kingdom, consequently, the United Kingdom itself has no jurisdiction in Solomon Islands. [61] Both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and participate in events such as the Commonwealth Games.

Bilateral relations with the UK remain strong. The UK's bilateral aid programme in Solomon Islands ended in early 2004 when the UK's regional aid programme came to a close. However, UK funding through the EU, the largest multilateral donor to Solomon Islands, will continue. The UK contributes almost 15% of the EU development budget in Solomon Islands. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office assistance to Solomon Islands is focused on security sector reform, good governance, sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Among the activities supported in the last two years are: education on HIV/AIDS, rural clinics, collective farming and empowerment of women. Sir Nathaniel Waena, the Governor-General of Solomon Islands, visited the UK in 2006 to celebrate the Queen's 80th Birthday. Assistance is also provided through the Commonwealth of Nations, whose budget is supported by the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom is one of only six countries to maintain a resident ambassador in Honiara, the High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Solomon Islands. [62] The current High Commissioner, since 2016, is David Ward. [63] The British High Commission in Honiara represents British interests in the country and assists British citizens resident in, or visiting the country. The High Commission also funds local projects and assists in scholarships in the United Kingdom for Solomon Islands citizens.

Solomon Islands is represented in the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium, by the Solomon Islands Ambassador, who is also accredited as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

Flag of the United States.svg  United States See Solomon Islands–United States relations
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to the United States from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Honiara. [64]
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela

In October 2008, Solomon Islands prime minister Derek Sikua moved to establish economic relations with Venezuela, hoping to benefit from comparatively cheap Venezuelan oil. In a rare display of bipartisanship, Solomons Opposition leader Manasseh Sogavare praised his political rival for this move, stating that -in the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, it would bring down the price of oil for Solomon Islanders, and boost the economy if the Solomons imported crude Venezuelan oil, refined it and then exported it to neighbouring countries. [65]

Former bilateral relations

CountryFormal Relations BeganFormal Relations EndedNotes
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 28 April 201528 November 2018Solomon Islands recognized Kosovo as an independent state on 13 August 2014, and established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 28 April 2015. However, it withdrew its decision to recognize Kosovo as an independent state on 28 November 2018. [66] [67] [68] [69]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China 24 March 198314 September 2019Solomon Islands maintained diplomatic relations with Republic of China (Taiwan) from 24 March 1983 with resident diplomatic missions in both respective capitals. In April 2017, Solomon Islands Deputy Prime Minister Manasseh Maelanga visited Taiwan and met with President Tsai Ing-wen at the Presidential Office Building in Taipei. Both of them discussed exchanges and future cooperation between the two sides. [70] However, on 14 September 2019, the Solomon Islands parliament voted to recognize the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China. The Republic of China in response cut all ties to the Pacific nation, closing its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019. [71] On 21 September 2019 Solomon Islands and the People's Republic of China issued a joint communiqué establishing relations. An exchange of ambassadors on both sides is yet to be made. [72]

Main multilateral involvement

Solomon Islands is a member of the United Nations, UNESCO, the Commonwealth, South Pacific Commission, Pacific Islands Forum, International Monetary Fund, and the European Economic Community/African, Caribbean, Pacific Group (EEC/ACP)/(Lomé Convention).

International organisation participation

ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, Commonwealth of Nations, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO

See also

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