Galinsoga quadriradiata | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Galinsoga |
Species: | G. quadriradiata |
Binomial name | |
Galinsoga quadriradiata | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Synonymy
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Galinsoga quadriradiata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae which is known by several common names, including shaggy soldier, [2] [3] Peruvian daisy, hairy galinsoga. Its native home is apparently central Mexico, although it has become naturalized in many other places (North and South America, Europe, Japan, Philippines, the northern India, Nepal, etc.). [4] [5]
Galinsoga quadriradiata is an annual herb which varies in appearance. The main stem reaches anywhere from 10 to 60 centimeters (4-24 inches) in height and may branch or not. The petioled leaves are ovate and serrated are opposite branching, and covered coarse, hispid [6] hairs. The roots form a fibrous root system. [7]
The small flower heads are up to a centimeter wide (0.4 inches) but typically 2-3mm in diameter and have rounded center filled with many disc florets usually in a shade of bright yellow. There are typically five white ray florets widely spaced around the center, each an oval shape typically with three crenate teeth at the tip. Both the disk and ray florets are fertile [7] producing an achene with a large pappus. [4] [8] [5]
Shaggy soldier is usually a hairy plant, whereas the otherwise similar gallant soldier tends to be more-or-less hairless, but these characters are insufficient for accurate identification. To be confident, it is important to check (with a hand lens) that shaggy soldier has simple (not forked) scales on the receptacle, and scales in the pappus with hairy margins and a long, thin point at the top. [9]
Galinsoga quadriradiata and its cousin Galinsoga parviflora are both edible and can be used as a pot herb or in salads, although outside of their native range they have not been widely adopted as a culinary item other than in China. G. parviflora is preferred as a salad green due to its non-hairy leaves. Care must be taken to not confuse them with the distantly related, and visually similar, Tridax procumbens .
Galinsoga parviflora is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It has several common names including guasca (Colombia), pacpa yuyo, paco yuyo, and waskha (Peru), burrionera (Ecuador), albahaca silvestre and saetilla (Argentina), mielcilla, piojito, galinsoga, gallant soldier, quickweed, and potato weed.
Galinsoga is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North and South America and the West Indies, and naturalized in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Layia chrysanthemoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name smooth tidytips, or smooth layia.
Leontodon saxatilis is a species of hawkbit known by the common names lesser hawkbit, rough hawkbit, and hairy hawkbit. It is native to Europe and North Africa but can be found in many other places across the globe as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. This is a dandelion-like herb growing patches of many erect, leafless stems from a basal rosette of leaves. The leaves are 2 to 15 centimeters long, 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters wide, entire or lobed, and green in color. Atop the stems are solitary flower heads which are ligulate, containing layered rings of ray florets with no disc florets. The florets are yellow with toothed tips. The fruit is a cylindrical achene with a pappus of scales. Fruits near the center of the flower head are rough, while those growing along the edges of the head are smooth.
Symphyotrichum lentum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae with the common name of Suisun Marsh aster. It is a perennial and herbaceous plant endemic to the marshes of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of Northern California.
Calycadenia multiglandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names sticky calycadenia and sticky western rosinweed. It is endemic to California, where it is a common in the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada Foothills from Shasta County to Kern County.
Calycadenia villosa is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name dwarf western rosinweed. It is endemic to central California, where it is known from a limited distribution in the Central Coast Ranges in Monterey County and San Luis Obispo County, with a few populations in Santa Barbara and western Fresno Counties. There are perhaps 16 occurrences.
Enceliopsis covillei, known by the common name Panamint daisy, is a rare North American desert species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
Erigeron multiceps is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Kern River daisy and Kern River fleabane. It is endemic to California, where it is known mostly from the Kern Plateau in the southern High Sierra Nevada of eastern Tulare County. It is a perennial herb growing a hairy stem up to about 20 centimeters tall from a taproot and caudex. The base of the stem is surrounded by oblong leaves 2 to 5 centimeters long, and there are some smaller leaves along the length of the stem. The inflorescence produces hairy, glandular flower heads filled with yellow disc florets and a fringe of up to 125 thin, flat white to purple-tinged ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of bristles.
Erigeron supplex is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names supple daisy or supple fleabane. It grows along the coastline and in the Coast Ranges in California, north of San Francisco Bay. It probably remains only in Sonoma and Marin Counties. There is a report of it growing well inland in Shasta County, but this is from a farm and probably a cultivated specimen.
Madia glomerata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name mountain tarweed.
Madia sativa, known by the common names coast tarweed and Chilean tarweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae found in parts of western North and South America.
Bartlettia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It contains the single species Bartlettia scaposa, known commonly as the Bartlett daisy. It is native to Mexico and to New Mexico and Texas in the United States.
Pyrrocoma carthamoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name largeflower goldenweed. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northeastern California to Wyoming, where it is known from grassland, woodlands, forests, barren areas, and other habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and producing one or more stems to about half a meter in maximum length, the stems reddish-green and leafy. The largest leaves are at the base of the stem, measuring up to 20 centimeters long, lance-shaped with spiny sawtoothed edges. Leaves higher on the stem are smaller and hairier. The inflorescence is a single flower head or a cluster of up to four. Each bell-shaped head is lined with phyllaries each up to 2 centimeters long. It has many yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of yellow ray florets up to 7 millimeters long; ray florets are occasionally absent. The fruit is an achene which may be well over a centimeter in length including its pappus.
Raillardella pringlei is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name showy raillardella.
Townsendia condensata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names cushion Townsend daisy and cushion townsendia. It is native to North America where it is known from many scattered occurrences in the mountains of the western United States and Alberta in Canada. It is mainly limited to the alpine climates of high mountain peaks, where it grows in meadows, tundra, and barren, rocky talus. It grows alongside other alpine plants such as Eriogonum androsaceum.
Townsendia leptotes is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names common Townsend daisy and slender townsendia. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in the alpine climates of high mountain ranges from California to Montana to New Mexico.
Townsendia scapigera is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name tufted Townsend daisy. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in mountains, sagebrush, and other habitat.
Pyrrocoma clementis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name tranquil goldenweed. It is native to Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming in the United States.
Arnica lanceolata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name clasping arnica or lanceleaf arnica. It has a disjunct (discontinuous) distribution in western North America and northeastern North America.