Mizoram is a land of rolling hills, valleys, rivers, and lakes in Northeast India. As many as 21 major hill ranges or peaks of different heights run through the length and breadth of the state, with plains scattered here and there. The average height of the hills to the west of the state is about 1,000 metres (3,300 feet). These gradually rise to 1,300 metres (4,300 feet) to the east. Some areas, however, have higher ranges which go up to a height of over 2,000 metres (6,600 feet).
The folded structure of the Mizoram ranges is at the junction of two moving tectonic plates(Indian and Burmese Desi Kachar 1974). On 19 April 2011, there was a 4.3 earthquake about 10 km North of Kolasib, and a 6.4 was recorded on 4 February 2011. Mizoram is in the highest zone 5 for earthquakes. [1]
The folded hilly or mountainous North South belts, with perpendicular faults, comprise sediments of the Surma (Middle Bhuban Formation), Barail, and Tipam groups. There is Alluvium in river beds consisting of deposits of argillaceous and arenaceous sandstones, shale, siltstones and mudstones, and greywacke. A 560m thick rock succession of the Middle Bhuban type exposed between Bawngkawn and Durtlang shows 7 normal and 7 reverse magneto strata (North and South pole reversals) showing its age to be around 20 Million years old. [2] The rock system is generally weak, unstable, weathered, and prone to seismic and weather influence-producing landslides. The soft, black-to-grey rock is used locally for building materials and low-traffic road construction work. There are no useful minerals of economic significance apart from clays in the River Tlawng beds together with deposits of sand and gravel. Typical soils are sandy loam, and clay loam that have been heavily leached due to the high slopes leaving it porous and lacking in minerals or humus.
Several oil and gas exploration activities have taken place due to the geological condition with which Mizoram has been formed, leading to the possibilities and high expectations that reserves would be confirmed. France, Russia, and Cyprus as well as several Indian companies have already signed a 12% oil and 10% gas royalty arrangement with proceeds going directly to Mizoram state on any production (April 2009)
Mizoram is a landlocked state in northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and largest city. Within India's northeast region, it is the southernmost state, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam and Manipur, and also shares a 722-kilometre (449 mi) border with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. The state spans over an area of approximately 21,087 square kilometres, of which approximately 91% is forested. With an estimated population of 1.25 million in 2023, it is the second least populous state in the country.
The Karnaphuli River is the largest and most important river in Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is a 667-metre (2,188 ft) wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Saithah village of Mamit district in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 kilometres (170 mi) southwest through Chattogram Hill Tracts and Chattogram into the Bay of Bengal. It is the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh, after the Padma. It is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram." Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River, Tuichawng River and Phairuang River. A large hydroelectric power plant was built on the Karnaphuli in the Kaptai region in the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts the Port of Chattogram, the largest and busiest seaport of Bangladesh.
Lunglei, formerly known as Lungleh, is the second-largest town in Mizoram, northeastern India, situated in the south-central part of the state. The town served as the capital of British Mizoram from 1889 to 1898. It is situated 729 metres above sea level and is situated on a ridge surrounded by hills. Lunglei has an estimated population of 80,000 residents as of 2023.
Sairang is a town in the Aizawl district of the Indian state of Mizoram.
Kolasib district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India.
Vaphai is a village at the extreme east of Champhai district of Mizoram.
Synod Hospital, Durtlang is a general hospital and nursing school in Aizawl, Mizoram, India. The hospital is widely known among Mizo people as "Durtlang Hospital". It is managed and governed by the Mizoram Presbyterian Church Synod. The hospital was established in 1928 by the Calvinistic Methodist Church as a nursing institute. It is the second hospital established, and the largest non-governmental hospital in Mizoram. It has a registered capacity of 355 beds.
Reiek is a mountain and tourist spot 29 km from Aizawl, Mizoram, India. It rests at an elevation of 1,465 metres overlooking Aizawl and offers a view of the surrounding valleys and hills. On a clear day, the plains of Bangladesh can be seen from the top of the hill. Reiek Hill is surrounded by thick lush green temperate trees and bushes.
Hmuifang is a tourist spot about 50 km from Aizawl, Mizoram, India. With an elevation of 1,619 metres, the mountain is covered with forest reserves since all the Mizo Chief's time.
The Serlui is a river of Mizoram, northeastern India. It flows through Kolasib district and is impounded by the Serlui B Dam.
The Tlawng is a river of Mizoram, northeastern India. Its tributaries include the Tut, Teirei and the Ngashih. The city of Aizawl is situated to the east of the Tlawng river.
The Chhimtuipui river, also known as the Chhimmtuipi Lui or Kaladan river, is a river of Mizoram, northeastern India. It flows in a southerly direction through Myanmar.
The Tuirini is a river of Mizoram, northeastern India. a 42 MW Hydel project is being planned in Tuirini River.
The Tut is a river of Mizoram, northeastern India. It is a tributary of the Tlawng River.
Phawngpui National Park or Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park is one of the two national parks of India in Mizoram, the other and the larger being Murlen National Park. It is about 300 km from the main city Aizawl, located in the Lawngtlai district, towards the southeast of Mizoram and relatively close to Burma. It bears the name of the mountain Phawngpui, often called the Blue Mountain of Mizoram, which is the highest mountain peak in the state, reaching 2,157 m asl. The national park covers the entire mountain along with the surrounding reserve forest.
Northeast India consists of eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. Tourism in this area is based around the unique Himalayan landscape and culture distinct from the rest of India.
Mizoram is a state in the northeast of India. Mizoram is considered by many as a beautiful place due to its landscape and pleasant climate. There have been many attempts to increase revenue through tourism but many potential tourists find the lack of amenities to be a hurdle. However, the State continues to promote itself and many projects have been initiated. The tourism ministry continues to maintain or upgrade its tourist lodges throughout the state. Foreign tourists are required to obtain an 'inner line permit' under the special permit before visiting. The permit can be obtained from Indian missions abroad for a limited number of days or direct from Mizoram Government authorities within India. The state is rich in bird diversity, which has the potentiality to make it a major birding destination. Mizoram is a stronghold for Mrs. Hume's pheasant. There is also a rare record of the wild water buffalo from the state. There are several past records of the Sumatran rhinoceros from Mizoram, then Lushai Hills. The small population of wild elephants can be seen in Ngengpui and Dampa Sanctuaries.
Tyao River (or Tiau River, Tio River) a 159 km (99 mi) long river that flows between the Mizoram state in India and the Chin State in Myanmar, forming part of the international boundary between the two countries.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mizoram:
Aizawl, formerly known as Aijal, is the capital city and the most populous city of Mizoram, India. It is also the third largest city in northeast India, after Guwahati and Agartala. It is situated atop a series of ridges, with an average elevation of around 1,132 metres above sea level. In 2024, the city has an estimated population of 405,000 people.