| Girna River | |
|---|---|
 | |
   | |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Kem Peak |
| • location | Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India |
| Mouth | Tapti River |
• coordinates | 21°08′30″N75°19′00″E / 21.14167°N 75.31667°E Coordinates: 21°08′30″N75°19′00″E / 21.14167°N 75.31667°E |
The Girna River is a river in the state of Maharashtra in western India. It gets its name from the goddess Giraja, also known as Parvati.
The Girna originates at Kem Peak in the Western Ghats mountain range and flows east across Nashik District—where it is joined by the Mausam River—and into Malegaon. It then swings north to join the Tapti River. The biggest dams on it are Chankapur Dam (built by the British near Abhona in the Kalwan tehsil, where the Sarpganga River joins the Girna) and Girna Dam (built in 1969). [1] The river basin lies on the Deccan Plateau, and its valley has fertile soil that is intensively farmed.
The Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency described the course of the river as follows: [2]
Rising in the western hills of the Kalvan sub-division of Nasik, and fed by streams from the northern slopes of the Chandor or Saptashring range, after a course of about 150 miles, falls into the Tapti near Palsod(Rameshwar Temple). Its course lies in nearly equal parts in Nasik and Khandesh. Passing through Nasik almost in a straight line eastwards, in Khandesh its course changes to north-east, till, near Jalgaon, it bends north and then north-west flowing for several miles with many windings almost parallel to the Tapti. In Khandesh, except in one or two places where it is hemmed in by rocky hills, the Girna, over a broad sandy bed, flows through a well tilled valley gradually spreading into the great central plain. Its waters, both in Nasik and Khandesh, are much used for irrigation. In Nasik lately repaired dams and channels water many of its upland valleys, and in Khandesh, from Eahal about ten miles north of Chalisgaon, the Jamda canals stretch east for about twenty-seven miles on the left and twelve miles on the right bank.
India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi). India measures 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and 2,933 km (1,822 mi) from east to west. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km (9,445 mi) and a coastline of 7,516.6 km (4,671 mi).
The Narmada River, also called the Reva and previously also known as Narbada or anglicised as Nerbudda, is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Pradesh. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat.
The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and ends in Chhattisgarh. The range parallels the Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide Indian Subcontinent into the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and the Deccan Plateau of the south. The Narmada River originates from north-eastern end of Satpura in Amarkantak, and runs in the depression between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges, draining the northern slope of the Satpura range, running west towards the Arabian Sea. The Tapti River originates in the eastern-central part of Satpura, crossing the range in the center and running west at the range's southern slopes before meeting the Arabian Sea at Surat, draining the central and southern slopes of the range. Multai, the place of Tapi river origin is located about 465 kilometer far, south-westerly to Amarkantak, separated across by the hill range. The Godavari River and its tributaries drain the Deccan plateau, which lies south of the range, and the Mahanadi River drains the easternmost portion of the range. The Godavari and Mahanadi rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal. At its eastern end, the Satpura range meets the hills of the Chotanagpur Plateau. The Satpura Range is a horst mountain and is flanked by Narmada Graben in the north and much smaller but parallel Tapi Graben in the south.
The Tapti River is a river in central India located to the south of the Narmada river that flows westwards before draining into the Arabian Sea. The river has a length of around 724 km (450 mi) and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It flows through Surat, and is crossed by the Magdalla, ONGC Bridge.
Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River, in central India.
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The Purna River is a river of Western India. It is one of the chief tributaries of the Tapti river and empties into it at Changdev in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.
Nashik district, also known as Nasik district, is a district in Maharashtra, India. The city of Nashik is the administrative headquarters of the district. Nashik is well known for the production of wine. Nashik is also known as Mini Maharashtra, because the climate and soil conditions of Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri resembles with Konkan. Niphad, Sinnar, Dindori, Baglan blocks are like Western Maharashtra and Yeola, Nandgaon, Chandwad blocks are like Vidarbha Region. Nashik is the biggest city in the district while Malegaon is the second biggest city. Manmad, Igatpuri, and Sinnar are some of the big cities situated in the Nashik District. Manmad is one of the biggest railway junctions in India while the city of Malegaon is famous for its powerloom.
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Multai is a town and a Nagar Palika in Betul district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Multai is one of the southern cities of Madhya Pradesh, occupying almost half of the Satpura plateau. Considering the small villages around, it occupies a large area in width of the Satpura range between the valley of the Narmada on the north and the barer plains on the south. Forests lie to the west of the city between the districts of East Nimar and Amaraoti. It lies on the Northern bank of the Tapti and the place is also known for being the origin of the Tapti river.
Vaijapur is a city and a municipal council in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is bordered by the Nashik districts to the west, Kannad tehsil to the north, Gangapur tehsil to the east, and Ahmednagar districts to the south. Vaijapur is the headquarters of Vaijapur tehsil and also known as the Gateway of Marathwada.
The state of Maharashtra in India has several major river systems including those of the Narmada, Tapti, Godavari and Krishna rivers. The ecology of these rivers and associated wetlands is covered in this article.
The Panchganga River is one of the important rivers of India located in Maharashtra. In English, the name translates as "Five Rivers". It is a major tributary of Krishna River, with which it joins at Narsobawadi.
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Khandesh is a geographic region in Central India, which includes parts of the northwestern portion of Maharashtra as well as Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh.
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Bala Quila also known Alwar Fort is a fort in Alwar in Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated on a hill in the Aravalli Range, above the town of Alwar. The fort is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long and is about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) wide. The fort was originally constructed by Nikumbh Rajputs in 928 CE. In 1492 Khanzada Alawal Khan won Bala Quila from Nikumbh Rajputs to stop practice of human sacrifice. Nikumbh Rajputs and their successors moved to the southwestern part of India through Baroda and settled over eastern Khandesh during 15th century onwards due to the Mughals as the Mughal Empire was expanding in and around western India which was due to its close proximity to the capital of Delhi at that time. It was re-constructed in 1521 CE by Hasan Khan Mewati. In the following centuries it went to the Mughals. It was captured by the Jat ruler Suraj Mal. After his death however, it was captured by the Rajput ruler Maharao Raja Pratap Singh of Alwar State. Major rivers like Narmada, Tapi, Girna basins were suitable for the Nikumbh Rajput warriors to settle down. As Rajputs found it as a suitable place for their successors due to it having ample of water and land for cultivation. Arwali mountain range divided mevad मेवाड़ & मारवा marwad.
Darna is a minor left-bank tributary of Godavari in the Nashik District, Maharashtra. Rising north of the Kalsubai range, it drains Igatpuri, Nashik and Niphad Talukas of Nashik District. The conjunction with Godavari is situated at Darnasangvi.
Kadva river is a minor but important tributary of Godavari in Nashik district, Maharashtra. It originates and flows through the Dindori Taluka of Nashik District.
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