Glossary of Italian fencing terms

See also: Glossary of fencing

Many of the historical techniques currently listed here come from the teachings of Fiore dei Liberi ^{[ citation needed ]} or the Bolognese / Dardi School. ^[1]

A

a voi

phrase, lit. "to you"

1. Spoken by the director at outset to turn control over to the fencers. Full commencing phrase is "In guardia. Pronti/-e? A voi"

B

balestra

noun f. (pluralbalestre), lit. "crossbow"

1. A footwork preparation, consisting of a jump or hop forwards with an immediate lunge. This is the definition found in the French national fencing glossary, though it is common in the English world for balestra to refer to only a jump. Jumps are faster than a normal step, which helps change the rhythm and timing of moves

C

colpo fendente

noun m. (pluralcolpi fendenti), lit. "cleaving blow" [fendente cognate with English fend, both deriving from Latin findō ("cleave, split")]

1. (Fiore) A descending blow which parts the body from the teeth to the knee.^{[ citation needed ]} Follows the same path as the cut which Dardi authors called mandritto squalembrato
2. (Dardi school) A descending vertical cut ^[1]

Abbr.fendente

colpo mezano

noun m. (pluralcolpi mezani), lit. "middle blow"

1. A blow which goes through the middle of fendenti e sottani, delivered with the true edge on the mandritto side and the false edge on the riverso side. Its path is "between the knee and the head"^{[ citation needed ]}

Abbr.mezano

colpo sottano

noun m. (pluralcolpi sottani), (archaic) "lower blow"

1. A rising blow which parts the body from the knees to the middle of the forehead^{[ citation needed ]}

Abbr.sottano

D

dritto

adjective m. (pluraldritti), lit. "right (side)"

1. Describes any cut that starts on the fencer's right side. Applies to cuts: falso dritto, fendente dritto, molinetto dritto, e tramazzone dritto. ^[1] Antonyms: riverso e manco

F

falso

noun m. (pluralfalsi), lit. "wrong (side)"

1. A rising cut made with the false edge of the blade on the same line as either colpo squalembrato ^[1]

adjective m.

1. Describes any cut made with the false edge of the blade ^[1]

fendente

noun m. (pluralfendenti)

1. Abbr. of colpo fendente

I

imbroccata

noun f. (pluralimbroccate)

1. An overhand descending thrust ^[1]

in guardia

phrase, lit. "en garde"

1. Spoken by the director to alert fencers to take their stances. Full commencing phrase is "In guardia. Pronti/-e? A voi"

in quartata

phrase

1. An evasive action that is recognized under category of the defensive actions (See also #passata-sotto), made with a quarter turn to the inside that conceals the front but exposes the back. This attempts to move some of the target out of harm’s way during an attack or a counter-attack. This evasive action is often executed and used in conjunction with opposition parry

M

manco

adjective m. (pluralmanchi), lit. "right (side)". antonyms: riverso, dritto

1. Describes any cut that starts on the fencer's left side. Applies to cuts: falso manco, fendente manco, molinetto manco, e tramazzone manco ^[1]

mandritto

noun m. (pluralmandritti). antonyms: riverso, colpo manco

1. Any cut that starts on the fencer's right side ^[1]
2. A descending right-to-left diagonal cut on the line from ear to knee, mirroring riverso squalembrato. ^[1] Also called mandritto squalembrato>

mezano

noun m. (pluralmezani)

1. Abbr. of colpo mezano

molinetto

noun m. (pluralmolinetti)

1. A certain rotational cut ^[1]

montando

adjective m. (pluralmontandi), gerund ofmontare ("to climb")

1. Describes an ascending cut ^[1]

montante

noun m. (pluralmontanti), past participle ofmontare ("to climb")

1. An ascending vertical cut ^[1]

P

passata-sotto

noun f.

1. An evasive action which is initiated by dropping a hand to the floor and lowering the body under the opponent's oncoming blade. Often accompanied by a straightening of the sword arm to attempt a hit on the opposing combatant

patinando

noun & verb (pluralpatinandi), gerund ofpatinare ("to patine")

1. A quickly executed advance-lunge

posta breve

noun f. (pluralposte brevi)

1. The short guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta breve la serpentina

noun f. (pluralposte brevi la serpentina)

1. The short serpent guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta dente di zenghiaro ^[2]

noun f. (pluralposte dente di zenghiaro)

1. The boar's tooth guard^{[ citation needed ]}

Abbr.dente di zenghiaro

posta dente di zenghiaro ^[2] mezana

noun f. (pluralposte dente di zenghiaro mezane)

The middle boar's tooth guard^{[ citation needed ]}

Abbr.dente di zenghiaro mezana

posta di bicorno

noun f.

The two-horn guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di coda longa

noun f.

The long tail guard. Also posta di choda longa^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di coda longa la sinestra

noun f.

The left-side long tail guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di crose bastarda

noun f.

The bastard cross guard, a variant of la posta di vera crose.^{[ citation needed ]} Taking a pass at the opponent from posta breve la serpentina leaves the fencer in posta di crose bastarda, with the pommel towards the opponent

posta di corona

noun f.

The crown guard. Also called posta frontale ("frontal guard")^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di donna

noun f.

The lady guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di donna la sinestra

noun f.

The left-side lady guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di donna la soprano

noun f.

The high lady guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di fenestra

noun f.

The window guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di fenestra la sinestra

noun f.

The left-side window guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta di vera crose

noun f.

The true cross guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta frontale

noun f.

The frontal guard. Also called posta di corona ("crown guard")^{[ citation needed ]}

posta longa

noun f.

The long guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta mezza porta di ferro

noun f.

The middle iron gate guard. Also called posta di ferro mezano^{[ citation needed ]}

posta porta di ferro

noun f.

The iron gate guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta porta di ferro la sinestra

noun f.

The left-side iron gate guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta porta di ferro tutta

noun f.

The full iron gate guard^{[ citation needed ]}

posta saggitaria

noun f.

The archer's guard^{[ citation needed ]}

pronti

adjective m. (singularpronto)

1. Spoken by the director at outset to ask if the fencers are ready to fight. When both fencers are female, the proper word is "pronte." Full commencing phrase is "In guardia. Pronti/-e? A voi"
2. plural ofpronto ("ready")

punta

noun f. (pluralpunte)

1. A thrust, whose path is in the middle of the body from the groin to the forehead. Can be made in five ways: Two high—One left one right—(needs work)^{[ citation needed ]}
2. lit. "point"

R

ricasso

1. A dull portion of the blade in front of the quillons. In complex rapier and smallsword hilts, the ricasso is behind the guard, or the forward portion of the hilt

ridoppio

noun m. (pluralridoppi)

1. A rising cut with either edge that immediately follows a descending cut ^[1]
2. lit. "redouble"

riverso

noun m. (pluralriversi)

1. Any cut that starts opposite the fencer's dominant side. Antonyms: mandritto, e manco ^[1]
2. A certain descending diagonal cut on the line from ear to knee. Also called riverso squalembrato. Mirror of mandritto squalembrato ^[1]

S

stoccata

noun f. (pluralstoccate)

1. A rising thrust ^[1]

sonno serpentino lo soprano

noun m. (pluralsonni serpentini lo soprano)

1. Sleeping high serpent (guard)^{[ citation needed ]}

squalembrato

adjective m. (pluralsqualembrati)

1. Describes any descending diagonal cut on the line from ear to knee. Applies to i colpi mandritto e riverso. Reverse of il falso ^[1]

T

tondo

adjective m. (pluraltondi)

1. Describes a cut which travels horizontally. Applies to i colpi mandritto e riverso
2. lit. "circular"

tramazzone

noun m. (pluralcolpi tramazzoni )

1. A certain rotational cut ^[1]

traversato

adjective m. (pluraltraversati)

1. Describes a blow made across the line of engagement
2. past participle oftraversare ("to cross")

References

1. Antonio Manciolino. Opera Nova. 1531.
2. Note: Spelling of zenghiaro varies in manuscripts: zenghiaro, zengiaro, zenchiaro, cenghiaro, cengiaro.