Wheelchair fencing

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Romain Noble (L) v Tian Jianquan (R) in the final of the epee A event in the 2013 World Fencing Championships Final EMS-A 2013 Wheelchair Fencing WCH t201328.jpg
Romain Noble (L) v Tian Jianquan (R) in the final of the épée A event in the 2013 World Fencing Championships

Wheelchair fencing (also called Parafencing) is a version of fencing for athletes with a disability. Wheelchair fencing is governed by the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation that is a federation of the International Paralympic Committee, and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. The Paralympic games take place every 4 years in different countries.

Contents

Classification

Events

Paralympic Games

GamesYearEventsBest Nation
1 1960 3Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
2 1964 7Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
3 1968 10Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
4 1972 11Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
5 1976 14Flag of France.svg  France
6 1980 17Flag of France.svg  France
7 1984 15Flag of France.svg  France
8 1988 14Flag of France.svg  France
9 1992 14Flag of France.svg  France
10 1996 15Flag of France.svg  France
11 2000 15Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
12 2004 15Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong
13 2008 10Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
14 2012 12Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
15 2016 14Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
16 2020 16Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
17 2024 16Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China

World Championships

EditionYearHostDates
11994 Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong
21998 Flag of Germany.svg Eisenkirchen
32002 Flag of Germany.svg Frankfurt
42006 Flag of Italy.svg Torino
52010 Flag of France.svg Paris 12–20 November
62011 Flag of Italy.svg Catania 8–15 October
72013 Flag of Hungary.svg Budapest 7–12 August
82015 Flag of Hungary.svg Eger 17–24 September
92017 Flag of Italy.svg Rome 6–12 November
102019 Flag of South Korea.svg Cheongju 17–23 September
112021 Flag of Poland.svg Warsaw 5–6 July
122023 Flag of Italy.svg Terni 3–8 October

European Championships

EditionYearHostDates
12011 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Sheffield 13–19 July
22014 Flag of France.svg Strasbourg 7–12 June
32016 Flag of Italy.svg Casale Monferrato 17–22 May
42018 Flag of Italy.svg Terni 17–23 September
52021 Flag of Hungary.svg Eger 14–17 May
62022 Flag of Poland.svg Warsaw 29 November – 4 December
72024 Flag of France.svg Paris 5–10 March

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paralympic sports</span> Type of sport with events contested at the Paralympic Games

The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Summer Paralympic Games</span> International multi-sport event for disabled athletes

The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.

1 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. It is for people who have significant loss of trunk control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2 point player</span>

2 point player and 2.5 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have partial trunk control when making forward motions. The class includes people with T8-L1 paraplegia, post-polio paralysis and amputations. People in this class handle the ball less than higher-point players. They have some stability issues on court, and may hold their wheel when trying to one hand grab rebounds.

3-point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have good forward and backward trunk movement but poor to no sideways trunk movement. The class includes people with L2–L4 paraplegia and amputations. Amputees are put into this class generally if they have hip disarticulations or hip abductions. Players in this class can generally rebound balls that are over their heads, but they can have some issues with balance during lateral rebounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-point player</span> Classification for wheelchair basketball

4-point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. Players in this class have normal trunk function but have a reduced level of functioning in one or both of their lower limbs. They may have difficulty with sideways movements. People in this class include ISOD classified A1, A2 and A3 players.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4.5-point player</span>

4.5-point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. Players in this class tend to have normal trunk movement, few problems with side-to-side movements, and ability to reach to the side of their chair. Players generally have a below-knee amputation, or some other partial single-leg dysfunction. This classification is for players with minimal levels of disability. In some places, there is a class beyond this called 5-point player for players with no disabilities.

Disability sports classification is a system that allows for fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.

Para-athletics classification is a system to determine which athletes with disabilities may compete against each other in para-athletics events. Classification is intended to group together athletes with similar levels of physical ability to allow fair competition. Classification was created and is managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), which is regularly published via its IPC Athletics Classification Handbook. People with physical, vision and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport at the Summer Paralympics. The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. The classification system has subsequently become a functional mobility based one, and is moving towards an evidence-based classification system.

Wheelchair fencing classification is the classification system for wheelchair fencing which is governed by the IWAS. People with physical disabilities are eligible to compete included people with physical disabilities. Classification for national competitions is done through the local national Paralympic committee.

Para-equestrian classification is a system for para-equestrian sport. It is a graded system based on the degree of physical or visual disability and handled at the international level by the FEI. The sport has eligible classifications for people with physical and vision disabilities. Groups of eligible riders include The sport is open to competitors with impaired muscle power, athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, hypertonia, limb deficiency, ataxia, leg length difference, short stature, and vision impairment. They are grouped into five different classes to allow fair competition. These classes are Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV, and Grade V(Grade Names Changed as of Jan 2017). The para-equestrian classification does not consider the gender of the rider, as equestrines compete in mixed gender competitions.

Class A is a Paralympic wheelchair fencing classification.

F1, also T1 and SP1, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level C6. Historically, it was known as 1A Complete. People in this class have no sitting balance, and are tetraplegics. They may be able to perform limited actions with one hand. They lack sitting balance, and have limited head control and respiratory endurance. The process for classification into this class has a medical and functional classification process. This process is often sport specific.

F2, also T2 and SP2, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level C7. Historically, it was known as 1B Complete, 1A Incomplete. People in this class are often tetraplegics. Their impairment effects the use of their hands and lower arm, and they can use a wheelchair using their own power.

F3, also T3 and SP3, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level C8. Historically, it was known as 1C Complete, and 1B Incomplete. F3 sportspeople have functional issues related to the muscles in their throwing arm, though they have enough control over their fingers to grip a throwing implement normally. They have no functional trunk control.

F4, also T4 and SP4, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level T1- T7. Historically, it was known as 1C Incomplete, 2 Complete, or Upper 3 Complete. People in this class have normal upper limb function, and functional issues with muscles below the nipple line.

F5, also SP5, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level T8 - L1. Historically, it was known as Lower 3, or Upper 4. People in this class have some trunk function and good sitting balance. They have problems with hip function, that reduces their ability to rotate their spines.

F6, also SP6, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level L2 - L5. Historically, this class has been known as Lower 4, Upper 5. People in this class have good sitting balance, and good forward and backward movement of their trunk. They have some use of their thighs and can press their knees together.

F7, also SP7, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level S1- S2. Historically, it has been referred to as Lower 5. It is characterized by people having their lower limb muscles strength and function impacted. People in the SP7 class generally have good sitting balance and some trunk movement backwards and forwards. One side may be stronger than the other.

Wheelchair sport classification is a system designed to allow fair competition between people of different disabilities, and minimize the impact of a person's specific disability on the outcome of a competition. Wheelchair sports is associated with spinal cord injuries, and includes a number of different types of disabilities including paraplegia, quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome and spina bifida. The disability must meet minimal body function impairment requirements. Wheelchair sport and sport for people with spinal cord injuries is often based on the location of lesions on the spinal cord and their association with physical disability and functionality.

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