Highest governing body | |
---|---|
Characteristics | |
Mixed-sex | No |
Type | Indoor |
Presence | |
Paralympic | 1976 - 1980 |
Sitting volleyball is a form of volleyball for athletes with a disability. As opposed to standing volleyball, sitting volleyball players must sit on the floor to play.
Sitting volleyball was invented in the Netherlands by the Dutch Sport Committee in 1956 as a rehabilitation sport for injured soldiers. [1] [2] In 1958, the first international sitting volleyball contact was held between Germany and Dutch clubteams. [3]
It was created as a combination of volleyball and sitzball, a German sport with no net and seated players. Sitting volleyball first appeared in the Toronto 1976 Paralympic games as a demonstration sport for athletes with impaired mobility, and both standing and sitting volleyball became officially included as medal sports in the Paralympic games at Arnhem in 1980. Women’s sitting volleyball was added for the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. [4]
After the London 2012 games, VolleySLIDE was founded by Matt Rogers to promote and develop the sport globally. [5] Eight men's and eight women's teams competed in the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games. [1]
In sitting volleyball, a 7-metre-long (23 ft), 0.8-metre-wide (2 ft 7 in) net is set at 1.15 metres (3.8 feet) high for men and 1.05 metres (3.4 feet) high for women. The court is 10 by 6 metres (33 by 20 feet) meters with a 2-metre (6.6-foot) attack line. The rules are the same as the original form of volleyball with the exceptions that players must have at least one buttock in contact with the floor whenever they make contact with the ball and it is also possible to block the serve. [6] [ self-published source ] [3]
Athletes with the following disabilities are eligible to compete in sitting volleyball: athletes with amputations, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, brain injuries and stroke. Classifications of these athletes by disability are placed into two categories: MD and D. MD stands for "Minimally Disabled," and D stands for “Disabled.” While Minimally Disabled athletes have lost only a fraction of their muscular strength and flexibility in a joint preventing them from successfully playing standing volleyball, Disabled athletes have lost all of their muscular strength and flexibility in that joint.
Only two MD players are allowed on the roster for the Paralympic Games and only one is allowed on the court at a time; this is to keep the competition fair between rival teams. The rest of the team must be classified as D players. [3] [7] Skills are largely identical to the sport of volleyball and the following game terminology apply:
List also includes former members (national teams that took part in previous major tournaments).
Defunct national teams
Sitting volleyball was first demonstrated at the Summer Paralympic Games in 1976 and was introduced as a full Paralympic event in 1980. The 2000 games was the last time standing volleyball appeared on the Paralympic programme. The women's sitting volleyball event introduction followed in the 2004 Paralympic Games. [6]
Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|---|
1983 | Delden | Netherlands | Germany | Finland |
1985 | Kristiansand | Iran | Yugoslavia | Netherlands |
1986 | Pécs | Iran | Hungary | Netherlands |
1989 | Las Vegas | Netherlands | Hungary | Germany |
1990 | Assen | Iran | Netherlands | Yugoslavia |
1994 | Bottrop | Iran | Norway | Netherlands |
1998 | Tehran | Iran | Finland | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2002 | Cairo | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Iran |
2006 | Roermond | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Iran | Egypt |
2010 | Edmond | Iran | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Egypt |
2014 | Elblag | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Brazil | Iran |
2018 | The Hague | Iran | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Ukraine |
2022 | Sarajevo | Iran | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Brazil |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Iran | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
2 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
3 | Netherlands | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
4 | Germany | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
5 | Hungary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
6 | Brazil | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Finland | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Yugoslavia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
9 | Norway | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
10 | Egypt | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
11 | Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (11 entries) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 39 |
Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|---|
1994 | Bottrop | Netherlands | Latvia | Lithuania |
2000 | Maastricht | Netherlands | Finland | Slovenia |
2002 | Kamnik | Netherlands | Slovenia | Finland |
2006 | Roermond | Netherlands | China | Slovenia |
2010 | Edmond | China | United States | Ukraine |
2014 | Elblag | China | United States | Russia |
2018 | Rotterdam | Russia | United States | China |
2022 | Sarajevo | Brazil | Canada | United States |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Netherlands | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
2 | China | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
3 | Russia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
4 | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
5 | United States | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
6 | Slovenia | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
7 | Finland | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
8 | Canada | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Latvia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
10 | Lithuania | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (11 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | Bonn | Netherlands | Germany | Sweden |
1987 | Sarajevo | Netherlands | Yugoslavia | |
1991 | Nottingham | Netherlands | ||
1993 | Järvenpää | Norway | Finland | |
1995 | Ljubljana | Hungary | ||
1997 | Tallinn | Finland | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
1999 | Sarajevo | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Finland |
2001 | Sárospatak | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | |
2003 | Lappeenranta | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Finland |
2005 | Leverkusen | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Russia |
2007 | Nyíregyháza | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Russia | Germany |
2009 | Elblag | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Russia | Germany |
2011 | Rotterdam | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Russia | Germany |
2013 | Elblag | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Russia | Germany |
2015 | Warendorf | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Russia |
2017 | Poreč | Russia | Ukraine | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2019 | Budapest | Russia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany |
2021 | Antalya | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Russia | Germany |
2023 | Caorle | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Germany | Ukraine |
Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|---|
1993 | Jarvenpaa | Netherlands | Finland | Estonia |
1995 | Ljubljana | Netherlands | Latvia | Slovenia |
1997 | Tallinn | Latvia | Lithuania | Netherlands |
1999 | Sarajevo | Slovenia | Finland | Netherlands |
2001 | Sarospatak | Netherlands | Slovenia | Finland |
2003 | Lappeenranta | Netherlands | Slovenia | Finland |
2005 | Leverkusen | Netherlands | Lithuania | Slovenia |
2007 | Nyiregyhaza | Netherlands | Ukraine | Slovenia |
2009 | Elblag | Netherlands | Ukraine | Slovenia |
2011 | Rotterdam | Ukraine | Netherlands | Russia |
2013 | Elblag | Russia | Ukraine | Slovenia |
2015 | Podcetrtek | Ukraine | Russia | Slovenia |
2017 | Poreč | Russia | Ukraine | Netherlands |
2019 | Budapest | Russia | Italy | Ukraine |
2021 | Antalya | Russia | Italy | Germany |
2023 | Caorle | Italy | Slovenia | Ukraine |
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964. Beach volleyball was introduced to the programme at the Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics. The adapted version of volleyball at the Summer Paralympic Games is sitting volleyball.
Beach volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two or more players on a sand court divided by a net. Similar to indoor volleyball, the objective of the game is to send the ball over the net and to ground it on the opponent's side of the court. Each team also works in unison to prevent the opposing team from grounding the ball on their side of the court.
Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. Participants compete in teams of three, and try to throw a ball that has bells embedded inside of it into the opponents' goal. The ball is thrown by hand and never kicked. Using ear-hand coordination, originating as a rehabilitation exercise, the sport has no able-bodied equivalent. Able-bodied athletes are also blindfolded when playing this sport.
Wallyball is a fast-paced sport that is similar to volleyball played in a racquetball court, where it is legal to hit the ball off of the walls.
Pickleball is a racket or paddle sport in which two (singles) or four (doubles) players hit a perforated, hollow plastic ball with paddles over a 34-inch-high (0.86 m) net until one side is unable to return the ball or commits an infraction. Pickleball is played indoors and outdoors. It was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game in the United States, on Bainbridge Island in Washington state. In 2022, pickleball was named the official state sport of Washington.
A drop shot is a shot in some racket sports in which the ball is hit relatively softly, sometimes with topspin or backspin, so that it lands just over and close to the net. A well-placed and well-timed drop shot will make it difficult for the opposing player to hit an aggressive or offensive shot in return. The most successful drop shots will not allow the opponent to hit the ball back at all.
Fistball is a sport of European origin, primarily played in the German-speaking nations of Austria, Germany and Switzerland, as well as in Brazil. The objective of the game is similar to volleyball, in that teams try to hit a ball over a net, but the rules vary from volleyball in several major ways. The current men's fistball World Champions are Germany, winners of both the 2023 Men's World Championships and the fistball category at the 2022 World Games, while the current women's fistball World Champions are also Germany, after winning the 2021 Women's World Championships.
This is a list of the more common English volleyball jargon terms:
Several sports related to volleyball have become popular. Indoor volleyball and beach volleyball are both events at the Olympics, and sitting volleyball is an event at the Paralympics. Other varieties are localised, or are played at an amateur or informal level.
Bossaball is a team sport that originated in Brazil and was conceptualised by Belgian Filip Eyckmans in 2004. Bossaball is a ball game between two teams, combining elements of volleyball, football, and gymnastics with music into a sport. It is played on an inflatable court featuring a trampoline on each side of the net. The trampolines allow the players to bounce high enough to spike the ball over the net.
Volleyball at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in the China Agricultural University Gymnasium from 7 September to 15 September. Two sitting volleyball team events were held, one for men and one for women.
The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.
World ParaVolley, formerly the World Organization Volleyball for Disabled (WOVD), is an international organization that is for people with physical disabilities. It is affiliated with the International Paralympic Committee(IPC). The World Organization Volleyball for Disabled was established in 1981 and was part of the International Sports Organization for Disabled (ISOD). In 1992 the WOVD became its own separate Organization in Barcelona, Spain. The WOVD Headquarters were also established in the Netherlands. The WOVD is responsible for managing and controlling the conduct of international volleyball competitions for men, women and youth. The WOVD also liaises with IPC (as an independent organisation) and with other organizations for people with or without disabilities. The organization adopted its present name World ParaVolley at its 2014 general assembly.
Volleyball at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held from 30 August to 8 September at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre in London. Two sitting volleyball team events were held, one for men and one for women.
The history of volleyball in the Philippines refers to the history of volleyball in the Philippines as a recreation and as a sport. Philippine volleyball history began in 1910 when the Philippines was a United States territory (1898–1946). The Filipinos have made significant contributions to volleyball in its evolution as a professional and international game. The Filipinos continued playing volleyball up to the modern-day period in its status as an independent republic (1946–present).
VolleySLIDE is the Sitting Volleyball world educational programme by World ParaVolley, the international federation responsible for all forms of ParaVolley. It is aimed at driving the development of the sport, in line with the Paralympic Movement and global society expectations. World ParaVolley (formerly known as World Organisation Volleyball for Disabled is a member of International Paralympic Committee and adopted VolleySLIDE back in February 2014.
Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held from 9 September to 18 September at the Riocentro Pavilion 6 in Rio de Janeiro. Two sitting volleyball team events were held, one for men and one for women.
Morteza Mehrzadselakjani is an Iranian volleyball player who plays in the national sitting volleyball team of and Mes Shahr Babak. With a height of 247 cm, he is known as the tallest living man in Iran and the third tallest living man in the world. He was able to win two gold medals at the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Paralympics and the Golden Ball for the best player in the world in 2022.
Snow volleyball is a winter team sport played by two teams of three players on a snow court divided by a net. The objective of each team is to score points by sending a ball over the net so as to ground it on the opponent's court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. A team is allowed up to three touches to return the ball across the net, and individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively.
This glossary provides definitions and context for terminology related to, and jargon specific to, the sport of pickleball. Words or phrases in italics can be found on the list in their respective alphabetic sections.