Category | Motorcycle racing |
---|---|
Country | International |
Teams | 17 |
Constructors | Kawasaki Yamaha Suzuki |
Riders' champion | Todd Ellis Emmanuelle Clément |
Makes' champion | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 |
Current season |
FIM Sidecar World Championship is the international sidecar racing championship. It is the only remaining original FIM road racing championship class that started in 1949.
It was formerly named Superside when the sidecars moved from being part of Grand Prix Motorcycles racing to being support events for the Superbike World Championship. In 2010 the FIM took over the management of the series from the Superside promoters, and the championship was called "FIM Sidecar World Championship". However, the FIM still uses the word Superside for promotion purposes, despite the demise of the Superside promoters.
The championship is raced over a number of rounds at circuits mainly in Europe, although other venues have been included in United States (Monterey), South Africa at Kyalami and Australia's Phillip Island.
When the sidecar world championships began in 1949, they were dominated by unambiguous, orthodox outfits where a sidecar was attached to a conventional solo motorcycle. Rigidity and strength were poorly understood and pre-war machines have been described as "scaffolding on wheels". Development was based around cutting weight, providing a flat platform for the passenger, and reducing drag around the sidecar wheel and at the front of the sidecar platform. [1] When developments in dolphin and dustbin fairings on solo machines proved successful at reducing drag, it was natural to adapt similar streamlined enclosures for the sidecar outfits. A pioneer in this area was Eric Oliver who worked with the Watsonian company on the development of successive experimental racing outfits including such innovations as the use of 16 in (410 mm) diameter wheels. [1]
By 1953, motorcycle frames had undergone a complete redesign to accommodate the side car. Seat heights had been reduced to the point where the driver now sat in a semi-prone position. This permitted the use of a one-piece fairing which enclosed the front of the outfit as well as the sidecar platform. [2] The enclosure led to unfamiliar handling, and the advanced design was only used in practice for the Belgian Grand Prix and in the final Grand Prix at Monza, where it finished fourth in the hands of Jacques Drion and Inge Stoll. [3] Throughout the year, other outfits experimented with more modest refinements such as additional braking via the sidecar wheel, sometimes linked to one or both of the other two brakes. [4]
Nevertheless, racing sidecars remained intrinsically the same to road-going sidecars. A traditional racing outfit was a road-going motorcycle outfit without the boot and with the suspension lowered. The bootless sidecar frame would have a flat platform. Both the battery and the fuel tank could be placed either between the motorcycle and the sidecar, or on the sidecar platform. Over time the subframe, struts, clamps, sidecar frame, etc. would merge with the motorcycle mainframe and form a single frame. But essentially the racing outfit was still a variant of the road-going outfit in principle.
Beginning in 1977 there was a seismic shift away from the traditional engineering that had underscored sidecar technology up to this point. It began when George O'Dell won the championship using a Hub-center steering sidecar (built by Rolf Biland) called the Seymaz. O'Dell won despite the Seymaz being rarely raced during the season in favor of using a traditional Windle frame for much of the year. The next year Rolf Biland won the 1978 championship using a BEO-Yamaha TZ500 sidecar which was basically a rear-engine, rear-drive trike.
In 1979 the FIM responded to these technological innovations by splitting the sidecar championship into two competitions:
Bruno Holzer won the B2B championship with an LCR BEO-Yamaha sidecar that turned motorcycling into something more like driving a car because the machine had a driver's seat, steering wheel and using foot pedals. It also did not require much participation from the sidecar passenger who just had to lie flat on the passenger platform.
In 1980, due to the revolutionary changes being made by the constructors to their designs, the FIM banned all sidecar prototypes because it was concerned that the developments were turning passengers into non-active participants, and the machines were ceasing to resemble motorcycles.
However, a year later FIM reversed its decision and reached a compromise after protests from the teams. Prototypes would be permitted to race subject to the following rules:
The 1981 rules remain largely unchanged. For example, trikes or cyclecars are still banned. However, there have been a few amendments and easing of the rules. In the late 1990s the FIM allowed a sidecar front wheel to have automobile-style suspension (e.g. wishbone configurations. Likewise sidecars that are outside of the technical rules are permitted to compete in races but their results, points or finishes are not recorded. An example is the Markus Bösiger/Jürg Egli team who would have finished third in the 1998 championship season. However, as they were using a configuration where Bösiger sat in an upright driving position no results were entered in the official records.
Under FIM regulations, "rider" applies equally to the driver and the passenger on a sidecar. The driver is positioned kneeling in front of the engine with hands near the front wheel, while the passenger moves about the platform at the rear transferring their weight from left to right according to the corner and forward or back to gain traction for the front or rear. The passenger also helps the driver when it comes to drifting, and is also usually the first person to notice any engine problems since he is next to the engine while the driver is in front of it. The two must work together to be a successful team. Nowadays it is common to call the driver the "Pilot", while the passenger has several nicknames: the "Acrobat" used in North America which is no longer in use, and the now common term "Monkey" which originated from Australia. Occasionally the words "Co-Driver" or "Co-Pilot" are also used.
Traditional sidecar racing remain popular in several countries, especially the United Kingdom, where it known as Formula Two Sidecars (600cc Engines). They are generally uses in true road racing events like the Isle of Man TT races. Despite their lower top speeds, these machines retain better manoeuvring capabilities.
Between 1981 and 2016 Superside machines were known as Formula One sidecars using a basic unchanged design. These modern high tech machines are only related to motorcycles by the classification of the engines they use. All chassis are purpose built and owe more to open wheel race car technology and the tires are wide and have a flat profile. They are sometimes known as "worms". [5]
The most successful sidecar racer in Superside has been Steve Webster, who has won four world championships and six world cup between 1987 and 2004. The most successful chassis is LCR, the Swiss sidecar maker, whose founder Louis Christen has won 35 championships between 1979 and 2016, with a variety of engines, originally Yamaha and Krauser two-strokes, more lately Suzuki four-strokes. The BMW Rennsport RS54 Engine powered to 19 straight constructors titles from 1955 to 1973, the most by any engines.
In 2014, for the first time a Kawasaki-powered machine won the title with Tim Reeves and Gregory Cluze ending an 11-year consecutive Suzuki run. In 2016 Kirsi Kainulainen became the first woman motorcycle world champion, as passenger to Pekka Päivärinta. [6]
However, in 2017 the engine capacity of F1 sidecars was reduced from 1000cc to 600cc. This was a conscious effort by FIM to attract more participation from racers who still preferred the traditional F2 chassis. By reducing the engine size, it was hoped that this would mean competition on more equal terms. Nevertheless, the 2017 championship was still dominated by competitors using the F1 chassis. The highest placed F2 chassis team was 12th by Eckart Rösinger and Steffen Werner on their Baker-Suzuki GSX-R600.
Since 2005 there are now three types of race classes. Any given championship round can have all three type of races but sometimes there is only one type of race (the Gold Race) in one round, usually when the round is a supporting event of a major meeting such as MotoGP.
Season | Driver | Passenger | Bike | Constructor |
---|---|---|---|---|
600cc | ||||
1949 | Eric Oliver | Denis Jenkinson | Norton Manx | Norton |
1950 | Eric Oliver | Lorenzo Dobelli | Norton Manx | Norton |
500cc | ||||
1951 | Eric Oliver | Lorenzo Dobelli | Norton Manx | Norton |
1952 | Cyril Smith | Bob Clements Les Nutt | Norton Manx | Norton |
1953 | Eric Oliver | Stanley Dibben | Norton Manx | Norton |
1954 | Wilhelm Noll | Fritz Cron | BMW RS54 | Norton |
1955 | Willi Faust | Karl Remmert | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1956 | Wilhelm Noll | Fritz Cron | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1957 | Fritz Hillebrand | Manfred Grunwal | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1958 | Walter Schneider | Hans Strauß | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1959 | Walter Schneider | Hans Strauß | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1960 | Helmut Fath | Alfred Wohlgemuth | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1961 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1962 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1963 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner [lower-alpha 1] | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1964 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1965 | Fritz Scheidegger | John Robinson | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1966 | Fritz Scheidegger | John Robinson | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1967 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1968 | Helmut Fath | Wolfgang Kalauch | URS | BMW |
1969 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1970 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt Wolfgang Kalauch | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1971 | Horst Owesle | Julius Kremer Peter Rutterford | Münch-URS | BMW |
1972 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1973 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
1974 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | Busch-BMW RS54 | König |
1975 | Rolf Steinhausen | Josef Huber | Busch-König | König |
1976 | Rolf Steinhausen | Josef Huber | Busch-König | König |
1977 | George O'Dell | Kenny Arthur Cliff Holland | Windle-Yamaha TZ500 Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1978 | Rolf Biland | Kenneth Williams | TTM-Yamaha TZ500 BEO-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1979 (B2A) | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | Schmid-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1979 (B2B) | Bruno Holzer | Charlie Maierhans | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1980 | Jock Taylor | Benga Johansson | Windle-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1981 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1982 | Werner Schwärzel | Andreas Huber | Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1983 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1984 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1985 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1986 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1987 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1988 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt Gavin Simmons | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
1989 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
1990 | Alain Michel | Simon Birchall | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
1991 | Steve Webster | Gavin Simmons | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
1992 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
1993 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
1994 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Swissauto V4 | ADM [lower-alpha 2] |
1995 | Darren Dixon | Andy Hetherington | Windle-ADM | ADM |
1996 | Darren Dixon | Andy Hetherington | Windle-ADM | ADM |
Sidecar World Cup | ||||
1997 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-ADM | |
500cc 2-stroke or 1000cc 4-stroke | ||||
1998 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-Honda NSR500 | |
1999 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2000 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
Superside | ||||
1000cc 4-stroke | ||||
2001 | Klaus Klaffenböck | Christian Parzer | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2002 | Steve Abbott | Jamie Biggs | Windle-Yamaha EXUP | |
2003 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
Superside World Cup | ||||
2004 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
Superside | ||||
2005 | Tim Reeves | Tristan Reeves | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2006 | Tim Reeves | Tristan Reeves | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2007 | Tim Reeves | Patrick Farrance [lower-alpha 3] | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2008 | Pekka Päivärinta | Timo Karttiala | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
2009 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
Superside Sidecar World Championship | ||||
2010 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
2011 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
2012 | Tim Reeves | Ashley Hawes | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
2013 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
2014 | Tim Reeves | Gregory Cluze | LCR-Kawasaki ZX-10R | |
2014 (F2 World Trophy) | Tim Reeves | Gregory Cluze | DMR-Honda CBR600 | |
2015 | Bennie Streuer | Geert Koerts | LCR Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
2015 (F2 World Trophy) | Tim Reeves | Patrick Farrance | DMR-Honda CBR600 | |
2016 | Pekka Päivärinta | Kirsi Kainulainen [lower-alpha 4] | LCR-BMW S 1000RR | |
2016 (F2 World Trophy) | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Honda CBR600 | |
600 cc 4-stroke | ||||
2017 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
2018 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
2019 | Tim Reeves | Mark Wilkes | Adolf RS-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
2020 | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | |||
2021 | Markus Schlosser | Marcel Fries | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
2022 [7] | Todd Ellis | Emmanuelle Clément | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
2023 | Todd Ellis | Emmanuelle Clément | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 |
Jock Taylor was a Scottish World Champion motorcycle sidecar racer.
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports, with most Formula One drivers—including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen—having begun their careers in karting.
Grand Prix motorcycle racing is the highest class of motorcycle road racing events held on road circuits sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). Independent motorcycle racing events have been held since the start of the twentieth century and large national events were often given the title Grand Prix. The foundation of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme as the international governing body for motorcycle sport in 1949 provided the opportunity to coordinate rules and regulations in order that selected events could count towards official World Championships. It is the oldest established motorsport world championship.
Motocross is a form of off-road motorcycle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits. The sport evolved from motorcycle trials competitions held in the United Kingdom.
A sidecar is a one-wheeled device attached to the side of a motorcycle, scooter, or bicycle, making the whole a three-wheeled vehicle. A motorcycle with a sidecar is sometimes called a combination, an outfit, a rig or a hack.
Dirt track racing is a form of motorsport held on clay or dirt surfaced oval race tracks often used for thoroughbred horse racing. Dirt track racing started in the United States before World War I and became widespread during the 1920s and 1930s using both automobiles and motorcycles. Two different types of race cars dominate — open wheel racers in the Northeast and West and stock cars in the Midwest and South. While open wheel race cars are purpose-built racing vehicles, stock cars can be either purpose-built race cars or street vehicles that have been modified to varying degrees. There are hundreds of local and regional racetracks throughout the nation. The sport is also popular in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
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Motorcycle trials, also known as observed trials, often called simply trial or trials, is a non-speed event on specialized motorcycles. The sport is most popular in the United Kingdom and Spain, though there are participants around the globe.
The motorcycle sport of racing includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
The Sidecar TT is a motorcycle-with-sidecar road race competition held over two legs which takes place during the Isle of Man TT festival, an annual event at the end of May and beginning of June. Between 1954 and 1976 this race was part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship.
Track racing is a form of motorcycle racing where teams or individuals race opponents around an unpaved oval track. There are differing variants, with each variant racing on a different surface type.
Dave Molyneux is a Manx professional Sidecar racer. He is the most successful Sidecar competitor in the history of the Isle of Man TT races, achieving 17 TT victories and 30 podium finishes. His race wins place him fourth on the all-time wins list, behind solo bike racers Joey Dunlop, Michael Dunlop and John McGuinness (23).
Sidecar Speedway is a motorcycle sport involving 4 crews of a rider and a passenger competing over 4 laps on an oval shale surface. Rules are governed by the national speedway federation and are not dissimilar to conventional speedway rules.
Chris Vincent was a British motorcycle sidecar road racer who was very successful in short-circuit (tarmac) racing in the 1960s and early 1970s. He entered Grands Prix using BSA, BMW and URS engines. He also rode solo motorcycles, particularly in the smaller race classes and production-machine categories.
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Motorcycle accessories are features and accessories selected by a motorcycle owner to enhance safety, performance, or comfort, and may include anything from mobile electronics to sidecars and trailers. An accessory may be added at the factory by the original equipment manufacturer or purchased and installed by the owner post-sale as aftermarket goods. The term Farkle is used within the motorcycle community, originally to denote useful add-ons, such as GPS or other upgraded components. Now also used at times in a humorous or mildly derogatory way to describe bling, such as anodized or chromed parts that add no functionality.
The following outline is provided as an overview of motorcycles and motorcycling:
Colin Jordan Seeley was a British motorcycle retailer who later became a motorcycle sidecar racer, motorcycle designer, constructor and retailer of accessories. In 1992 he was involved in running the Norton Rotary race team.
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Emmanuelle Clément is a french sidecar racer (passenger). She is a two times Superside FIM World Sidecar Champion, after winning the championship with driver Todd Ellis in 2022 and 2023. Clément is the second female sidecar world champion after Kirsi Kainulainen, who won it in 2016. She is also a two times British Champion.