| Sailing at the Summer Paralympics | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governing body | WS |
| Events | 3 (mixed) |
| Games | |
| Note: demonstration sport years indicated in italics | |
Sailing was an official part of the Summer Paralympic Games between 2000 and 2016, after being a demonstration sport in 1996. The International Association for Disabled Sailing was responsible for coordinating the event with the International Paralympic Committee and the hosts.
| Discipline | Class | Gender | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Person Keelboat | 2.4 m | Open | - | X | X | - | - | - |
| One Person Keelboat | 2.4 One Design (Norlin Mk3) | Open | - | - | - | X | X | X |
| Two Person Keelboat | SKUD 18 | Female + (Male or Female) | - | - | - | X | X | X |
| Three Person Keelboat | Sonar | Open 3 Person | - | X | X | X | X | X |
| Three Person Keelboat | Sonar | Open 3 Person + Reserve | Demonstration Event | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Australia (AUS) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 |  Germany (GER) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| 3 |  France (FRA) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 5 |  United States (USA) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 6 |  Canada (CAN) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 7 |  Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 8 |  Israel (ISR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 |  Denmark (DEN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 |  Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 42 | |
| Edition | Year | Host | City | Sailing venue | Opening | Closing | View | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 1996 | United States (USA) | Atlanta | All | ||||
| 11 | 2000 | Australia (AUS) | Sydney | Sydney |  | All | ||
| 12 | 2004 |  Greece (GRE) | Athens | Athens | Sept |  | All | |
| 13 | 2008 |  China (CHN) | Beijing | Qingdao |  | All | ||
| 14 | 2012 | Great Britain (GBR) | London | Weymouth and Portland | AUG |  | All | |
| 15 | 2016 |  Brazil (BRA) | Rio de Janeiro | Rio de Janeiro |  | All | ||
| 16 | 2020 |  Japan (JPN) | Tokyo | Sailing not included on the Program | ||||
| Nation | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina (ARG) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Armenia (ARM) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australia (AUS) | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Austria (AUT) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazil (BRA) | 3 | 2 | 6 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada (CAN) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| China (CHN) | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Czech Republic (CZE) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Spain (ESP) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
 Estonia (EST) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Finland (FIN) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| France (FRA) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Great Britain (GBR) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Germany (GER) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greece (GRE) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Hungary (HUN) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Ireland (IRL) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Israel (ISR) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Italy (ITA) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan (JPN) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Malaysia (MAS) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands (NED) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Norway (NOR) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
 New Zealand (NZL) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Philippines (PHI) | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Poland (POL) | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Portugal (POR) | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Puerto Rico (PUR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 South Africa (RSA) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Singapore (SIN) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Switzerland (SUI) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Sweden (SWE) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States (USA) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Events | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Boats | 15 | 32 | 31 | 41 | 41 | 41 | - | 201 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.4m - Male | - | 17 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | - | 78 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.4m - Female | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Skud 18 - Male | - | - | - | 11 | 11 | 11 | - | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Skud 18 - Female | - | - | - | 11 | 11 | 11 | - | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sonar - Male | 59 | 44 | 45 | 41 | 39 | 40 | - | 268 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sonar - Female | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sailors - Male | 59 | 61 | 61 | 67 | 65 | 66 | - | 379 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sailors - Female | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 15 | 14 | - | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sailors - Total | 59 | 62 | 61 | 80 | 80 | 80 | - | 422 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First Time Competitors | 59 | 50 | 37 | 49 | 33 | 31 | - | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nations | 15 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 23 | 23 | - | 129 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nations - First Time | 15 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1 | - | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Position | Sailor | Country | Period | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Damien Seguin | France (FRA) | 2004 - 2016 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2.4 Metre |
| Daniel Fitzgibbon | Australia (AUS) | 2008 - 2016 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | SKUD 18 | |
| 3 | Liesl Tesch | Australia (AUS) | 2012 - 2016 | 2 | 0 (2) | 0 (1) | 2 (5) | SKUD 18 |
| 4 | Jens Kroker | Germany (GER) | 2000 - 2016 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | Sonar |
| 5 | Heiko Kroeger | Germany (GER) | 2000 - 2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2.4 Metre |
| Siegmund Mainka | Germany (GER) | 2008 - 2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Sonar | |
| Marcel Van De Veen | Netherlands (NED) | 2004 - 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Mischa Rossen | Netherlands (NED) | 2000 - 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Robert Prem | Germany (GER) | 2008 - 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Udo Hessels | Netherlands (NED) | 1996 - 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 11 | Paul Tingley | Canada (CAN) | 2000 - 2016 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
| 12 | Colin Harrison | Australia (AUS) | 2004 - 2016 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Graeme Martin | Australia (AUS) | 2000 - 2008 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Helena Lucas | Great Britain (GBR) | 2008 - 2016 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Russell Boaden | Australia (AUS) | 2008 - 2016 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 28 | John McRoberts | Canada (CAN) | 1996 - 2016 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 29 | Jean-Paul Creignou | United States (USA) | 2004 - 2012 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Thomas Brown | United States (USA) | 2000 - 2012 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 48 | Alexandra Rickham | Great Britain (GBR) | 2008 - 2016 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| John Ross-Duggan | United States (USA) | 1996 - 2004 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Niki Birrell | Great Britain (GBR) | 2008 - 2016 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Thierry Schmitter | Netherlands (NED) | 2004 - 2012 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 Sydney | Heiko Kroeger (GER) | Jens Als Andersen (DEN) | Thomas Brown (USA) | |
| 2004 Athens | Damien Seguin (FRA) | Thomas Brown (USA) | Thierry Schmitter (NED) | |
| 2008 Beijing Qingdoa | Paul Tingley (CAN) | Damien Seguin (FRA) | John Ruf (USA) | |
| 2012 London Weymouth | Helena Lucas (GBR) | Heiko Kroeger (GER) | Thierry Schmitter (NED) | |
| 2016 Rio | Damien Seguin (FRA) | Matthew Bugg (AUS) | Helena Lucas (GBR) |
| Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 Beijing | Nick Scandone and Maureen McKinnon-Tucker (USA) | Dan Fitzgibbon and Rachael Cox (AUS) | John McRoberts and Stacie Louttit (CAN) |
| 2012 London | Dan Fitzgibbon and Liesl Tesch (AUS) | Jean-Paul Creignou and Jennifer French (USA) | Alexandra Rickham and Niki Birrell (GBR) |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Daniel Fitzgibbon Liesl Tesch (AUS) | John McRoberts Jackie Gay (CAN) | Alexandra Rickham Niki Birrell (GBR) |
World Sailing (WS) is the world governing body for the sport of sailing recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
The International 2.4mR is a one-person keelboat. The class is a development class governed by the 2.4mR rule. The rule controlled by World Sailing is one of the few classes designated as an International Class. The International 2.4mR Class rule is closely related to the International 12mR class rule that was used at the America's Cup.
The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.
Eighty athletes representing 25 countries in three keelboat classes - the 2.4mR, the SKUD 18, and the Sonar, took part in sailing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics. Sailing was held in two designated areas on the Yellow Sea, Qingdao, Shandong province, from September 8 to September 13.
Finland competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. Athletes were selected by the Finnish Paralympic Committee on July 2, 2008.
Hungary competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.
Malaysia sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.
Three athletes represented the Philippines in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. The 2-person keelboat sailing team of Pedro Sollique and Cherry Pinpin were based in the seaport city of Qingdao while Adeline Dumapong was in Beijing for the powerlifting event. The Philippine Paralympic delegation was headed by PhilSPADA-NPC, with support from the Philippine Sports Commission and the Philippine Olympic Committee.
The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.
The Philippine Paralympic Committee (PPC), formerly known as Philippine Sports Association for the Differently Abled—National Paralympic Committee of the Philippines, is the national sports association for physically impaired athletes, tasked to spearhead developing sport competency for Filipino persons with disabilities. It is the Philippine National Paralympic Committee which is duly recognized by the International Paralympic Committee
The International Association for Disabled Sailing (IFDS) was an affiliate member of the International Sailing Federation and was responsible for coordinating the paralympic sailing competition with the International Paralympic Committee. The organisation was initially called the International Foundation for Disabled Sailing up until around 2008 when it had to change its name due to tax law in the country it is registered in.
Daniel Fitzgibbon, is an Australian Paralympic sailor, who won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. He won gold medals at the 2012 London and 2016 Rio Paralympics with partner Liesl Tesch in the two person SKUD 18.
Alexandra Rickham is a British Paralympic sailor.
Sailing at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London was held from August in Weymouth and Portland. XYZ competitors representing XYZ countries will compete in three keelboat classes - the 2.4mR, the SKUD 18, and the Sonar, took part in sailing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
Jonathan Bruce Harris is an Australian blue-water sailor who began his sailing career when he was about ten. He won a gold medal in the Mixed Three Person Sonar the 2016 Rio Paralympics.
B3 is a medical based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Competitors in this classification have partial sight, with visual acuity from 2/60 to 6/60. It is used by a number of blind sports including para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class.
Disability sailing classification is the method of allowing sailors with different disabilities to compete, with classification being based on vision, mobility, stability and hand function. Classification is handled by the International Association for Disabled Sailing (IFDS).
Helena Lucas MBE is a British Paralympic sailor.
Sailing at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro took place between 12 and 17 September 2016 in Marina da Glória, Copacabana. 80 competitors, 11 of which were female, competed in three keelboat classes. Three sailing events will be held. All were mixed events, meaning that men and women can compete together.
John Twomey is an Irish Paralympic athlete and sailor. He has represented Ireland at 11 consecutive Paralympic games winning medals at three of them.
 | ||
| Summer sports | |
|---|---|
| Winter sports | |
| Discontinued sports | |
| Demonstration sports | |
