Great Britain at the Paralympics

Great Britain at the Paralympics
Flag of the United Kingdom
IPC code	GBR
NPC	British Paralympic Association
Website	www.paralympics.org.uk
Medals Ranked 2nd	Gold 719 Silver 679 Bronze 680 Total 2,078
Summer appearances
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
Winter appearances
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has participated in every summer and winter Paralympic Games.

Birthplace of the Paralympic movement

While the Olympic Games find their origins in Ancient Greece, post-war Britain, and specifically the Stoke Mandeville Hospital, is recognised as the spiritual birthplace and home of the Paralympic movement.

The first official Paralympic Games, held in Rome in 1960, were simultaneously the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games, an annual competition first devised by Dr Ludwig Guttmann in 1948 to coincide with the London Olympic Games of 1948, for soldiers with spinal cord injuries being cared for in Stoke Mandeville Hospital, and which first became an international event in 1952, when Dutch veterans requested an opportunity to compete; a delighted Dr Guttman immediately renamed the 1952 event, which once again coincided with the Summer Olympic Games, as the 1st International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games. The 9th International Games were held in Rome to once more emphasise the relationship with its sister Olympic movement, and were designated retrospectively the first Paralympic Games.

While the Stoke Mandeville Games continue to exist as the IWAS World Games, a specific event for wheelchair and amputee athletes, the Paralympic Games evolved from its Stoke Mandeville Games roots to include a far more comprehensive range of disabilities.

Dr. Guttmann's stature in the history and lore of the Paralympic movement is therefore broadly analogous to that of Pierre de Coubertin in the birth of the Olympic Games, and Great Britain's role is compared to the role of Greece in the Olympic movement. This legacy was commemorated before each Paralympic Games since 2012 with the lighting of a 'legacy flame' at Stoke Mandeville as part of the Paralympic torch event. From 2024 onwards every Paralympic flame will first be lit in Stoke Mandeville Hospital in a deliberate echo of the ceremonies that take place before each modern Olympic Games at Olympia.

The President of the IPC, Andrew Parsons formally recognised the analogous place Great Britain and Stoke Mandeville play in the Paralympic movement to Greece and Olympia in the Olympic movement in 2024: “For everyone involved in the Paralympic Movement, Stoke Mandeville represents sacred and cherished ground...It is here 76 years ago that the visionary pioneer Sir Ludwig Guttmann created the Paralympic Movement.” ^{[1] [2]}

Historical performance in Paralympic Games

Great Britain has performed particularly well at the Summer Paralympic Games, consistently finishing among the top five in the medal tables - a marginally better performance than that achieved by Great Britain at the Olympics until the 21st century - reflecting the country's sustained connection to, and continuing deep support for, the Games. Britain has won three gold medals at the Winter Paralympics and 626 at the Summer Games. Combining these results, the British team is positioned in second place on the all-time Paralympic Games medal table.

Great Britain was the host of the first Stoke Mandeville Games to coincide with London's hosting of the 1948 Summer Olympics. These Games are the direct precurssor and inspiration of the Paralympic Games, but are not treated as an edition of those Games. Great Britain was, however, one of the co-host countries of the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, sharing the duties with New York to coincide with the United States hosting the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and the sole host, for the first time, of the 2012 Summer Paralympics, in London. The 2012 Games were very strongly supported by the British public, and the British broadcast and print media, and the press in Great Britain continue to give significant coverage to the event, and to paralympic sport in other formats, such as para-sport in the Commonwealth Games and European Para Championships.

Paralympics GB and naming conventions

Although the country uses the name "Great Britain", athletes from Northern Ireland are entitled to compete as part of British delegations on the same terms as at the Olympic Games. Representatives of the devolved Northern Ireland government, however, have objected to the name, which they argue creates a perception that Northern Ireland is not part of the British Olympic team, and have called for the team to be renamed as Team UK. ^{[3] [4]} The team is branded and promoted as Paralympics GB, though is sometimes informally and incorrectly referred to as Team GB , which is a brand specific to the teams of the British Olympic Association.

Under the terms of a long-standing settlement between the British Paralympic Association and the Paralympics Ireland, athletes from Northern Ireland can elect to represent Ireland at the Paralympics, as Northern Irish people are legally entitled, as of birthright, to dual citizenship. ^[5] Some athletes have represented both nations, and Bethany Firth, a paralympic swimmer from Northern Ireland, has won gold medals for both nations in the same event in back-to-back Games.

Notable British paralympians

Great Britain's most successful Paralympian is swimmer turned cyclist Sarah Storey, who took the honour at the 2020 Summer Paralympics when she won her 16th gold medal, and 27th medal in all. Still active as of 2024, Storey now holds 19 Paralympic gold medals.

Prior to 2020, the record had been held for decades by swimmer Mike Kenny who also won 16 individual gold medals, as well as two relay silvers, in four Games. ^[6] Although Great Britain has competed in every Games, the British Paralympic Committee was only founded in 1989, after Kenny's retirement. Media in Britain consistently referred to the most decorated Paralympic athletes from that year, Tanni Grey-Thompson, Dave Roberts and Sarah Storey as Britain's "greatest Paralympians", occasionally with the phrase "of the modern era", attached to differentiate from the pre-BPC events. ^[7] The International Paralympic Committee, however, recognise all of Kenny's eighteen medals as Paralympic medals, and he remains Great Britain's most successful male Paralympian and the most successful British Paralympian in a single sport (Of her 19 gold medals, Storey won 14 in cycling and 5 in swimming). ^[8]

Great Britain's first Paralympic gold was earned at the 1960 Rome Games by Margaret Maughan. Her feat was recognised when Maughan was chosen to light the Paralympic Flame during the Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics. ^[9]

Great Britain's first Winter Paralympic gold was earned at the Sochi 2014 Games by Kelly Gallagher and guide Charlotte Evans in the Women's super-G visually impaired.

Multiple athletes have won 4 medals at the Winter Paralympics for Great Britain, each in alpine skiing for blind or visually impaired athletes. Most recently by Menna Fitzpatrick and her guide Jennifer Kehoe in 2018, Jade Etherington and guide Caroline Powell in 2014. Richard Burt won 4 medals across two games in 1992 and 1994. However, Fitzpatrick and her guide Kehoe are the only athletes from this group to have won a gold medal. The only other British athletes to have won a gold medal at the Winter Paralympics are Kelly Gallagher and her guide Charlotte Evans, also in alpine skiing in 2014 and Neil Simpson and his guide and brother, Andrew in 2022, also in Alpine skiing.

Hosted Games

In 2012, Great Britain became the second nation, the other being the United States, to have hosted the Summer Paralympic Games twice.

Games	Host city	Dates	Nations	Participants	Events
1984 Summer Paralympics	Stoke Mandeville	22 July – 1 August	41	1100	603
2012 Summer Paralympics	London	29 August – 9 September	164	4302	503

Medal tables

See also: All-time Paralympic Games medal table

*Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil.

Medals by Summer Games Games Athletes Gold Silver Bronze Total Rank 1960 Rome 53 20 15 20 55 2 1964 Tokyo 39 18 23 20 61 2 1968 Tel Aviv 75 29 20 20 69 2 1972 Heidelberg 72 16 15 21 52 3 1976 Toronto 87 29 28 37 94 5 1980 Arnhem 96 47 32 21 100 5 1984 Stoke Mandeville/New York 227 107 112 112 331 2 1988 Seoul 231 65 65 54 184 3 1992 Barcelona/Madrid 209 42 51 45 138 3 1996 Atlanta 248 39 42 41 122 4 2000 Sydney 215 41 43 47 131 2 2004 Athens 167 35 30 29 94 2 2008 Beijing 212 42 29 31 102 2 2012 London 288 34 43 43 120 3 2016 Rio de Janeiro 265 64 39 44 147 2 2020 Tokyo 227 41 38 45 124 2 2024 Paris 215 49 44 31 124 2 2028 Los Angeles future event 2032 Brisbane future event Total 718 669 661 2048 2

Medals by Winter Games Games Athletes Gold Silver Bronze Total Rank 1976 Örnsköldsvik 6 0 0 0 0 – 1980 Geilo 8 0 0 0 0 – 1984 Innsbruck 22 0 4 6 10 12 1988 Innsbruck 24 0 0 0 0 – 1992 Tignes-Albertville 15 0 1 4 5 15 1994 Lillehammer 23 0 0 5 5 21 1998 Nagano 21 0 0 0 0 – 2002 Salt Lake City 2 0 0 0 0 – 2006 Turin 20 0 1 0 1 17 2010 Vancouver 12 0 0 0 0 – 2014 Sochi 15 1 3 2 6 10 2018 PyeongChang 17 1 4 2 7 13 2022 Beijing 24 1 1 4 6 14 2026 Cortina d'Ampezzo Future event Total 3 14 23 40 26

Great Britain has never topped the medal table at the Paralympic Games. Conversely, it has never finished lower than fifth, and has only finished below second once this century, when it finished third in its home games of 2012. In all, Great Britain have finished second on the table ten times, and third a further four. In doing so, Great Britain has remained consistently near the top of the table, while the fortunes of other giants such as the United States, China and Russia have risen and fallen. In 1984 Great Britain won its greatest number of medals, 331, and gold medals, 107, at a single Games. Since those Games, the Paralympic schedule has been significantly updated and streamlined by the International Paralympic Committee, with around 40% fewer events contested, and greater numbers of countries seriously contesting those events that remain. As such, the 1984 totals are unlikely ever to be threatened. Despite this, in recent Games, Great Britain have consistently won more than one hundred medals every Games except 2004 in Athens (and even there won 94) , and have won thirty gold medals in every summer Games since the 1976 Games in Toronto.

Summer Games medals by sport Medals by sport Sport Total Swimming 225 257 230 712 Athletics 215 174 188 573 Cycling 50 30 16 96 Lawn Bowls 35 28 19 82 Equestrian 34 20 10 64 Table tennis 26 31 47 104 Archery 18 22 22 62 Wheelchair fencing 11 12 26 49 Shooting 8 9 11 28 Snooker 8 4 6 18 Rowing 8 0 2 10 Paracanoeing 6 1 5 12 Boccia 5 5 3 13 Weightlifting 4 6 5 15 Judo 4 4 9 17 Powerlifting 4 4 9 17 Wheelchair tennis 3 7 6 16 Paratriathlon 2 3 2 7 Dartchery 1 1 1 3 Sailing 1 0 3 4 Wheelchair rugby 1 0 0 1 Wheelchair basketball 0 3 6 9 Badminton 0 1 1 2 Taekwondo 0 1 1 2 Volleyball 0 1 0 1 Football 7-a-side 0 0 3 3 Total 669 625 630 1924 (Last updated: 10 January 2024)

Winter Games medals by sport Medals by sport Sport Total Alpine skiing 3 9 15 27 Ice sledge speed racing 0 4 4 8 Wheelchair curling 0 1 1 2 Cross country skiing 0 0 2 2 Snowboarding 0 0 1 1 Total 3 14 23 40 (Last updated: 10 January 2024)

Best results in non-medaling sports:

Summer
Sport	Rank	Athlete	Event & Year
Football 5-a-side	5th	Great Britain men's team	Men's tournament in 2008
Goalball	5th	Great Britain women's team	Women's tournament in 2000
Winter
Sport	Rank	Athlete	Event & Year
Biathlon	4th	Peter Young	Men's 7.5 km free B1 in 1998
Para ice hockey	4th	Great Britain mixed team	Mixed tournament in 1994

Multi medallists

Athletes in bold are still active

Summer Paralympics

Summer Paralympic multi medallists

Athletes who have won at least three gold medals or five medals.

No.	Athlete	Sport(s)	Years	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Sarah Storey	Swimming Cycling	1992 – 2024	F	19	8	3	30
2	Mike Kenny	Swimming	1976 – 1988	M	16	2	0	18
3	Lee Pearson	Equestrian	2000 - 2020	M	14	2	1	17
4	Tanni Grey-Thompson	Athletics	1988 – 2000	F	11	4	1	16
	David Roberts	Swimming	2000 – 2008	M	11	4	1	16
6	Isabel Newstead	Athletics Shooting Swimming	1984–2004	F	10	4	4	18
7	Carol Bryant	Athletics Table tennis Swimming Wheelchair fencing	1964–1976, 1988	F	10	2	5	17
8	Chris Holmes	Swimming	1988–2000	M	9	5	1	15
9	Jody Cundy	Swimming Cycling	1996–2024	M	9	3	1	13
10	Robin Surgeoner	Swimming	1984–1988	M	9	0	0	9
	Hannah Cockroft	Athletics	2012–2024	F	9	0	0	9
12	Robert Matthews	Athletics	1984–2004	M	8	4	1	13
13	Sophie Christiansen	Equestrian	2004–2016	F	8	1	1	10
14	James Anderson	Swimming	1992–2012	M	6	9	2	17
15	Valerie Robertson	Archery Athletics Swimming Wheelchair fencing	1964–1976	F	6	4	2	12
16	Dick Thompson	Athletics Wheelchair basketball	1960–1968	M	6	3	6	15
17	Darren Kenny	Cycling	2004–2012	M	6	3	1	10
18	David Weir	Athletics	2004–2016	M	6	2	2	10
	Natasha Baker	Equestrian	2012–2024	F	6	2	2	10
20	Janice Burton	Swimming	1984–1996	F	5	10	5	20 [10]
21	James Muirhead	Swimming	1976–1984	M	5	5	3	13
22	Noel Thatcher	Athletics	1984–2004	M	5	4	2	11
23	Barbara Anderson	Archery Swimming Table tennis	1960–1972	F	5	2	0	7
	David Ellis	Swimming	1964–1972	M	5	2	0	7
25	Ellie Simmonds	Swimming	2008–2016	F	5	1	2	8
26	Anne Dunham	Equestrian	1996–2008	F	5	1	1	7
	Kadeena Cox	Athletics Cycling	2016–2024	F	5	1	1	7
28	Colin Keay	Athletics	1984–1988	M	5	1	0	6
29	Michael Walker	Athletics	1988–1992	M	5	0	0	5
30	Sophie Wells	Equestrian	2012-2024	F	4	4	2	10
31	Margaret Maughan	Archery Dartchery Lawn bowls Swimming	1960–1980	F	4	2	0	6
	Deborah Criddle	Equestrian	2004–2012	F	4	2	0	6
33	Caroline Innes	Athletics	1992–2000	F	4	1	0	5
34	Jaco Van Gass	Cycling	2020-2024	M	4	0	1	5
35	James Crisp	Swimming	2000–2012	M	3	6	3	12
36	Margaret McEleny	Swimming	1992–2004	F	3	5	7	15
37	Jeanette Chippington	Swimming Paracanoe	1988–2004, 2016-2020	F	3	4	7	14
38	Nigel Coultas	Athletics	1988–1992	M	3	4	0	7
39	Stephen Payton	Athletics	1996–2008	M	3	2	4	9
40	Giles Long	Swimming	1996–2004	M	3	2	2	7
41	Poppy Maskill	Swimming	2024	F	3	2	0	5
42	Alice Tai	Swimming	2016, 2024	F	3	1	3	7
43	Charlotte Henshaw	Swimming Canoeing	2012-2024	F	3	1	1	5
	Reece Dunn	Swimming	2020	M	3	1	1	5
45	Nicola Tustain	Equestrian	2000–2004	F	3	0	3	6
46	Kenny Churchill	Athletics	1992–2008	M	3	0	2	5
47	Peter Hull	Swimming	1988–1992	M	3	0	0	3
	Lauren Rowles	Rowing	2016-2024	F	3	0	0	3
49	Martin Mansell	Swimming	1984–1988	M	2	5	1	8
50	Dimitri Coutya	Wheelchair Fencing	2020-2024	M	2	2	4	8
51	Jessica-Jane Applegate	Swimming	2012-2020	F	2	2	3	7
52	Sophie Unwin	Cycling	2020-2024	F	2	2	2	6
53	Jonnie Peacock	Athletics	2012-2024	M	2	2	1	5
	Stephen Bate	Cycling	2016-2024	M	2	2	1	5
55	Lora Fachie	Cycling	2016-2024	F	2	1	4	7
56	Stephen Clegg	Swimming	2020-2024	M	2	1	2	5
57	Piers Gilliver	Wheelchair Fencing	2020-2024	M	1	5	2	8
58	Claire Cashmore	Swimming Triathlon	2008-2024	F	1	4	5	10
59	Samantha Kinghorn	Athletics	2020-2024	F	1	4	1	6
60	Clare Cunningham	Swimming Triathlon	1992–1996, 2016	F	1	4	0	5
	Will Bayley	Table Tennis	2012-2024	M	1	4	0	5
62	Karé Adenegan	Athletics	2016–2024	F	0	5	2	7
63	Crystal Lane	Cycling	2016-2020	F	0	4	1	5
64	Terry Bywater	Wheelchair basketball	2000-2024	M	0	1	4	5

Multi medals at single Games

This is a list of British athletes who have won at least two gold medals in a single Games. Ordered categorically by gold (then silver then bronze) medals earned, sports then year.

No.	Athlete	Sport	Year	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Mike Kenny	Swimming	1984	M	5	1	0	6
			1988	M	5	1	0	6
3	Pauline Foulds	Swimming	1960	F	5	0	0	5
	Robin Surgeoner	Swimming	1984	M	5	0	0	5
5	Dick Thompson	Athletics	1960	M	4	0	1	7
		Wheelchair basketball			0	1	1
6	Darren Kenny	Cycling	2008	M	4	1	0	5
7	Michael Walker	Athletics	1988	M	4	0	0	4
	Barbara Anderson	Swimming	1960	F	3	0	0	4
		Table tennis			1	0	0
9	Janice Burton	Swimming	1992	F	3	4	0	7
10	James Crisp	Swimming	2000	M	3	2	2	7
11	Sarah Bailey	Swimming	1996	F	3	1	1	5
12	Nigel Coultas	Athletics	1988	M	3	1	0	4
	Bethany Firth	Swimming	2016	F	3	1	0	4
14	Stephen Payton	Athletics	1996	M	3	0	1	4
15	Colin Keay	Athletics	1984	M	3	0	0	3
	Peter Hull	Swimming	1992	M	3	0	0	3
17	Joanne Rout	Swimming	1988	F	2	3	0	5
18	Jeanette Chippington	Swimming	1996	F	2	1	2	5
19	Kadeena Cox	Athletics	2016	F	1	1	1	4
		Cycling			1	0	0
	Ellie Simmonds	Swimming	2012	F	2	1	1	4
20	Thelma Young	Swimming	1988	F	2	0	2	4
21	Nicola Tustain	Equestrian	2000	F	2	0	1	3

Multi medals at a single event

This is a list of British athletes who have won at least two gold medals in a single event at the Summer Paralympics. Ordered categorically by medals earned, sports then gold medals earned.

No.	Athlete	Sport	Event	Years	Games	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Sascha Kindred	Swimming	Men's 200m ind. medley	1996-2016	6	M	4	1	0	5
2	Tommy Taylor	Table tennis	Men's doubles	1960-1980	6	M	4	0	1	5
3	Anne Dunham	Equestrian	Team open	1996-2008	4	F	4	0	0	4
4	Stephen Miller	Athletics	Men's club throw F32/51	1996-2016	6	M	3	1	2	6
5	Kenny Churchill	Athletics	Men's javelin throw F36	1992-2004	4	M	3	0	1	4
6	Caroline Innes	Athletics	Women's 100m T36	1992-2000	3	F	2	1	0	3
7	Emma Brown	Powerlifting	Women's -82 kg	2000-2004	2	F	2	0	0	2
8	Bethany Firth [11]	Swimming	Women's 100m backstroke S14	2016-2020	2	F	2	0	0	0

Most successful Paralympian in a sport

This is a list of British athletes who are the most successful Para-athletes in their sport at the Summer Paralympics. Ordered categorically by medals earned, sports then gold medals earned.

Athlete	Sport	Years	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
Lee Pearson	Equestrian	2000-2020	M	14	2	1	17
Sarah Storey	Cycling	1996-2020	F	9	0	0	9
Michael Shelton	Snooker	1960-1976	M	3	1	1	5
James Fox Pamela Relph Laurence Whiteley Lauren Rowles	Rowing	2012-2020		2	0	0	2

Most appearances

This is a list of British athletes who have competed in four or more Summer Paralympics. Active athletes are in bold. Athletes who were aged under 15 years of age and over 40 years of age are in bold.

No.	Athlete	Sport(s)	Birth Year	Games Years	First/Last Age	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Deanna Coates	Shooting	1954	1984 - 2012 (8)	30 - 58	F	3	3	2	8
	Sarah Storey	Cycling   Swimming	1973	1992 - 2020 (8)	15 - 43	F	15	8	3	26
2	Isabel Newstead	Athletics   Shooting   Swimming	1955	1980 - 2004 (7)	25 - 49	F	10	4	4	18
	James Rawson	Table tennis	1965	1984 - 2008 (7)	19 - 43	M	5	1	2	8
	Anthony Peddle	Powerlifting	1971	1988 - 2012 (7)	17 - 41	M	1	0	2	3
5	Robert Matthews	Athletics	1961	1984 - 2004 (6)	23 - 51	M	8	4	1	13
	Jane Stidever	Swimming	1966	1984 - 2004 (6)	18 - 38	F	5	5	5	15
	James Anderson	Swimming	1963	1992 - 2012 (6)	29 - 49	M	6	9	2	17
	Jody Cundy	Cycling   Swimming	1978	1996 - 2016 (6)	18 - 38	M	7	0	3	10
	Stephen Miller	Athletics	1980	1996 - 2016 (6)	16 - 36	M	3	1	2	6
10	Christopher Holmes	Swimming	1971	1988 - 2000 (4)	17 - 29	M	9	5	1	15
	Stephen Brunt	Athletics	1960	1988 - 2000 (4)	18 - 40	M	2	1	0	3

Winter Paralympics

No.	Athlete	Sport(s)	Years	Gender	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Menna Fitzpatrick Guide: Jennifer Kehoe	Alpine Skiing	2018	F	1	2	1	4
2	Kelly Gallagher Guide: Charlotte Evans	Alpine Skiing	2010–2014	F	1	0	0	1
3	Jade Etherington Guide: Caroline Powell	Alpine Skiing	2014	F	0	3	1	4
4	Denise Smith	Ice Sledge Speed Racing	1984	F	0	3	0	3
5	Richard Burt	Alpine Skiing	1992–1994	M	0	1	3	4

See also

• Great Britain at the Olympics

References

1. "London 2012 Paralympic Games | About Us". paralympic.org. IPC. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
2. "Paris 2024: Paralympic Flame created at Stoke Mandeville". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
3. "No place for 'NI', says Olympic Team GB", Belfast Telegraph, 10 March 2011
4. "Minister urges BOA to change 'erroneous Team GB name'". BBC News. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
5. "Full text of the constitution" (PDF). taoiseach.gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2005. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
6. "Mike Kenny (swimmer)". Paralympians' Club. Retrieved 29 August 2012.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
7. "Sarah Storey Britain's greatest Paralympian of the modern era". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
8. "Meet Britain's other greatest Paralympian". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
9. Olympic Broadcasting Service, channel IPC1, Paralympics International Feed, "2012 Summer Paralympics Opening Ceremonies", airdate 29 August 2012
10. Burton won 23 medals,, according to the British Paralympic Association, but three of them were in mixed relay events for which the IPC does not hold records.
11. Firth also won the same event in 2012 representing Ireland