| Grimmia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grimmia pulvinata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Dicranidae |
| Order: | Grimmiales |
| Family: | Grimmiaceae |
| Genus: | Grimmia Hedw. |
Grimmia is a genus of mosses (Bryophyta), originally named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart [ citation needed ] [1] in honour of Johann Friedrich Carl Grimm, a physician and botanist from Gotha, Germany.
Although predominantly occurring in the moderate zones, representatives of the cosmopolitan genus Grimmia may be found in all parts of the world, from Alaska to the most southern point of Chile, and from Siberia to South Africa, though in tropic regions, e.g. Hawaii and Indonesia, Grimmia species only occur high up in the mountains.
Grimmia is a notoriously difficult genus in terms of identification, and in the majority of herbaria a considerable number of species was found misidentified. The American bryologist Geneva Sayre [2] (1911–1992), who worked for many years on a monograph of the North American Grimmias, indicated in an original way these difficulties, as she said: "it contains an ambigua, a varia, a decipiens, a controversa, a revisa and at least two anomalas". [3]
In the Index Muscorum , [4] the genus Grimmia is represented with 800 names of published species. As since Loeske (1930), [5] no revision of the European species had been carried out.
The Dutch bryologist H. C. Greven started in 1990 with Grimmia fieldwork and a revision of the Grimmia collections from important European herbaria. The results were published in "Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Musci) in Europe". [6]
After examining the Grimmia collections from herbaria in North- and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, and about 50 Grimmia collecting trips in all continents, Grimmias of the World was published. [7] An important contribution was the revision of Grimmia in North America. [8]
In the past decades, some more bryologists became interested in the genus Grimmia. Jesús Muñoz published a herbaria revision of Grimmia in Latin America, [9] and Maier studied herbarium specimens of Grimmia from the Himalaya. [10]
The genus Grimmia contains the following species: [11]
In the past 15 years (1996 to 2010), the following Grimmia species have been discovered and described:
Funaria is a genus of approximately 210 species of moss. Funaria hygrometrica is the most common species. Funaria hygrometrica is called “cord moss” because of the twisted seta which is very hygroscopic and untwists when moist. The name is derived from the Latin word “funis”, meaning "a rope". In funaria root like structures called rhizoids are present.
Dicranum is a genus of mosses, also called wind-blown mosses or fork mosses. These mosses form in densely packed clumps. Stems may fork, but do not branch. In general, upright stems will be single but packed together. Dicranum is distributed globally. In North America these are commonly found in Jack pine or Red pine stands.
Lepidopilum is a genus of moss in family Pilotrichaceae. There are over 200 species in the genus.
Dicranaceae is a family of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in class Bryopsida. Species within this family are dioicous. Genera in this family include Dicranum, Dicranoloma, and Mitrobryum.
Barbula is a genus of mosses in the family Pottiaceae.
Ditrichum is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Ditrichaceae.
Schistidium is a plant genus in the moss family Grimmiaceae.
Campylopus is a genus of 180 species of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Leucobryaceae. The name comes from the Greek campylos, meaning curved, and pous, meaning foot, referring to the setae which curve downwards.
Thuidium is a genus of moss in the family Thuidiaceae. The name comes from the genus Thuja and the Latin suffix -idium, meaning diminutive. This is due to its resemblance to small cedar trees.
Leucobryum is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Leucobryaceae. The name comes from the Greek leukos, meaning white, and bryon, meaning moss.
Syntrichia is a large, cosmopolitan genus of mosses in the family Pottiaceae. The genus name is of Greek origin for "plus" and "hair", referring to the "twisted peristome united by a basal membrane".
Didymodon is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Neckera is a large genus of mosses belonging to the family Neckeraceae. The genus was first described by Johann Hedwig. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Plagiothecium is a genus of moss belonging to the family Plagiotheciaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Rhynchostegium is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp.
Drepanocladus is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Amblystegiaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution
Isothecium is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Lembophyllaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Trichostomum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae.
Pylaisia is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pylaisiaceae.
Maier, E. 2009). Grimmia in Europa. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel. Herzogia 22: 229-302. Maier, E. (2010). The Genus Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta): A Morphological-anatomical Study. Boissiera 63: 3-377
