HMS Maenad (1915)

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History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Maenad
Namesake Maenad
OrderedSeptember 1914
Builder William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton
Yard number1030
Laid down10 November 1914
Launched10 August 1915
Completed12 November 1915
Out of service22 September 1921
FateSold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and type Admiralty M-class destroyer
Displacement
Length265 ft (80.8 m) (p.p.)
Beam26 ft 7 in (8.1 m)
Draught8 ft 7 in (2.6 m)
Installed power3 Yarrow boilers, 25,000  shp (19,000  kW)
Propulsion Parsons steam turbines, 3 shafts
Speed34 knots (39.1 mph; 63.0 km/h)
Range2,280  nmi (4,220 km) at 17 kn (31 km/h)
Complement80
Armament

HMS Maenad was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L class, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched in 1915, served in the Battle of Jutland in 1916, attacking both battleships and destroyers of the German High Seas Fleet. However, the vessel was notorious for undertaking a sharp manoeuvre which obstructed other destroyers in the fleet from attacking. Maenad also undertook anti-submarine patrols. In 1917, the ship mistakenly attacked the British submarine G12 thinking it was a German boat. The submarine escaped with damages. After the armistice that ended of the war, Maenad was placed in reserve until being sold to be broken up in Germany in 1921.

Contents

Design and development

Maenad was one of sixteen Admiralty M-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in September 1914 as part of the First War Construction Programme. [1] The M class was an improved version of the earlier L-class destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of 36 knots (67  km/h ; 41  mph ) and, although the eventual design did not achieve this, the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. It transpired that the German ships did not exist. [2]

The destroyer had a length of 265 feet (80.8 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 ft 7 in (8.1 m) and a draught of 8 ft 7 in (2.6 m). Displacement was 994 long tons (1,010 t) standard and 1,025 long tons (1,041 t) full load. [3] Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Parsons steam turbines rated at 25,000 shaft horsepower (19,000 kW) and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of 34 kn (63 km/h; 39 mph). Three funnels were fitted. [4] A total of 268 long tons (272 t) of oil could be carried, including 40 long tons (41 t) in tanks used at times of peace, giving a range of 2,280 nautical miles (4,220 km; 2,620 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). [5]

Armament consisted of three single QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels on a bandstand. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes. [6] [7] A single QF 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun was mounted between the torpedo tubes. [4] [8] After February 1916, for anti-submarine warfare, Maenad was equipped with two chutes for depth charges. [9] The number of depth charges carried increased as the war progressed. [10] On 12 July 1917, the destroyer was fitted with a kite balloon to spot submarines. [11] The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings. [12]

Construction and career

Maenad (in the foreground) at the Battle of Jutland HMS 'Maenad' at the Battle of Jutland, 31 May-1 June 1916 RMG BHC0666.tiff
Maenad (in the foreground) at the Battle of Jutland

Laid down by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton at their shipyard on 10 November 1914 with the yard number 1030, Maenad was launched on 10 August the following year and completed on 12 November. [3] The ship was named after the maenads, the female followers of Dionysus. [13] The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla. [14]

On 30 May 1916, the destroyer sailed as part of the flotilla to confront the German High Seas Fleet in what would be the Battle of Jutland. [15] The flotilla formed behind the First Battle Squadron and in the early morning of 1 June encountered the Kaiser-class dreadnought battleships of the III Battle Squadron. [16] Leading the Second Division, Maenad fired a single torpedo at long range, [17] and then steered away from the rest of the flotilla and unleashed two torpedoes, one of which was claimed to hit and caused an explosion on the fourth ship of the line. [18] However, the German Navy recorded no loss and instead it is likely that the manoeuvre restricted the ability of the destroyers following to launch their own torpedoes. [19] Maenad also joined in attacks against German torpedo boats, although these too did not lead to any ships being sunk. [20] However, the vessel did manage to rescue some survivors from the destroyer Fortune, which had been sunk during the melee. [21] After the battle, it is likely that many of the other destroyer captains mentioned Maenad in less than favorable terms for obstructing their ability to attack the German fleet. [22]

On 22 November, the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla took part in exercises under the dreadnought battleship Iron Duke, the last time that the fleet was commanded by Admiral John Jellicoe. [23] Maenad subsequently served in anti-submarine patrols. These were occasionally successful at scaring off attacking submarines but often, as in the case of the merchant ship SS Buffalo, only after they had sunk their target. [24] One attack that was reported as leading to the destruction of an enemy submarine on 15 March 1917 was later found out to be against the British submarine G12, which escaped with holes created by the destroyer's gun but no more damage. [25]

After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and personnel needed to be reduced to save money. [26] Maenad was initially retired from active service and placed in reserve at Devonport. [27] The destroyer was decommissioned and, on 22 September 1921, was sold, along with sister ship Magic, to G Cohen to be broken up in Germany. [28]

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
HA7August 1915 [29]
G26January 1917 [30]
G27January 1918 [30]
GA8September 1918 [31]
G23January 1919 [32]

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HMS <i>Mameluke</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

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HMS <i>Mindful</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

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HMS <i>Obedient</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Obedient was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Launched in 1915, the destroyer served with the Grand Fleet during the Battle of Jutland in 1916, helping sink the torpedo boat V48 and narrowiy missing the German battleships as they withdrew. Subsequently, Obedient took part in anti-submarine patrols, attacking U-70 in 1917. The conditions of service meant that the destroyer was soon worn out and, after the armistice that ended the war in 1918, Obedient was placed in reserve. Despite a service life of only five years, the vessel was decommissioned and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

HMS <i>Onslaught</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Onslaught was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched in 1915, joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Faulknor. The ship saw action during the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, jointly sinking the German torpedo boat SMS V48 and launching the torpedo that sank the pre-dreadnought battleship Pommern, the only German battleship to be lost in the battle. Subsequently, the destroyer acted as an escort to other naval ships during the Action of 19 August 1916 and took part in anti-submarine operations. At the end of the war, Onslaught was withdrawn from service and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

HMS <i>Munster</i> British M-Class destroyer

HMS Munster was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Named after the Irish province of Munster, the destroyer was launched in 1915 and joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet. In 1916, Munster rescued survivors from the armed merchantman Alcantara and then fought in the Battle of Jutland as part of the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla. The flotilla sank the German torpedo boat V48. At the end of the battle, the destroyer returned to Scapa Flow undamaged. During the following year, the warship participated in the unsuccessful search for the armoured cruiser Hampshire and the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight. Neither led to the warship being involved in any action with the enemy. The destroyer finished the war with the Third Destroyer Flotilla. After the Armistice, Munster was placed in reserve before being sold to be broken up in 1921.

HMS <i>Noble</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Noble was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Originally to be called Nisus, Noble was renamed before being launched in 1915. Joining the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet, the vessel took part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916, during which the warship unsuccessfully attacked the light cruisers of the German High Seas Fleet. In 1917, the destroyer formed part of the screen for the dreadnought battleships of the First Battle Squadron during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight but again reported no hits. After the Armistice that ended the war, Noble was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ McBride 1991, p. 44.
  2. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 132.
  3. 1 2 Lyon 1975, p. 689.
  4. 1 2 Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 109.
  5. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 157.
  6. ↑ Preston 1985, pp. 76, 80.
  7. ↑ March 1966, p. 174.
  8. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 156.
  9. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 150.
  10. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 152.
  11. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 35 1939, p. 177.
  12. ↑ Preston 1985, p. 79.
  13. ↑ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 282.
  14. ↑ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. January 1916. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  15. ↑ Jutland: Official Despatches 1920, p. 34.
  16. ↑ Campbell 1998, p. 297.
  17. ↑ Campbell 1998, p. 300.
  18. ↑ Jutland: Official Despatches 1920, pp. 24–25.
  19. ↑ Brooks 2016, pp. 421–422.
  20. ↑ Corbett 1920, p. 420.
  21. ↑ Corbett 1920, p. 422.
  22. ↑ Brooks 2016, pp. 422.
  23. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 33 1927, pp. 215–216.
  24. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 35 1939, p. 165.
  25. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 34 1933, pp. 263–265.
  26. ↑ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
  27. ↑ "Vessels in Reserve at Home Ports and Other Bases", The Navy List, p. 17, July 1919, retrieved 28 April 2021– via National Library of Scotland
  28. ↑ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 211.
  29. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 79.
  30. 1 2 Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 65.
  31. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 69.
  32. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 62.

Bibliography

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