HMS Penn (1916)

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History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Penn
Namesake William Penn
OrderedMay 1915
Builder John Brown & Company, Clydebank
Yard number447
Laid down5 June 1915
Launched8 April 1916
Completed31 May 1916
Out of service31 October 1921
FateSold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and type Admiralty M-class destroyer
Displacement
Length273 ft 8 in (83.4 m) (o.a.)
Beam26 ft 9 in (8.2 m)
Draught16 ft 3 in (5.0 m)
Installed power3 Yarrow boilers, 25,000  shp (19,000  kW)
PropulsionBrown-Curtis steam turbines, 3 shafts
Speed34 knots (63.0 km/h; 39.1 mph)
Range2,280  nmi (4,220 km; 2,620 mi) at 17 kn (31 km/h; 20 mph)
Complement80
Armament

HMS Penn was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. The ship was named after William Penn, the father of the founder of Pennsylvania. Launched on 8 April 1916, the vessel served with the Grand Fleet forming part of the screen for the dreadnought battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron and escorting the aircraft carrier Furious in battle. The destroyer participated in the Actions of 19 August 1916 and 16 October 1917, as well as forming part of the distant support during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight. Penn was also instrumental in rescuing the survivors from the light cruiser Nottingham, sunk by a German submarine. After the Armistice that ended the war, the destroyer was placed in reserve and subsequently sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

Contents

Design and development

Penn was one of sixteen Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in May 1915 as part of the Fifth War Construction Programme. [1] The M-class was an improved version of the earlier L-class destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The design was to achieve a speed of 36 knots (67  km/h ; 41  mph ), although the destroyers did not achieve this in service. It transpired that the German ships did not exist but the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. [2] The Repeat M class differed from prewar vessels in having a raked stem and design improvements based on wartime experience. [3]

The destroyer was 273 feet 8 inches (83.4 m) long overall, with a beam of 26 feet 9 inches (8.2 m) and a draught of 16 feet 3 inches (5.0 m). Displacement was 860 long tons (870  t ) normal and 1,021 long tons (1,037 t) full load. [4] Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at 25,000 shaft horsepower (19,000  kW ) and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph). Three funnels were fitted. [3] A total of 268 long tons (272 t) of oil could be carried, including 40 long tons (41 t) in peace tanks that were not used in wartime, giving a range of 2,280 nautical miles (4,220 km; 2,620 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). [5]

Armament consisted of three single QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts aft of the funnels for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes. [6] [7] A single QF 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun was mounted between the torpedo tubes. [3] [8] For anti-submarine warfare, Penn was equipped with two chutes, initially each with a single depth charge. [9] The number of depth charges carried increased as the war progressed. [10] The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings. [11]

Construction and career

Penn was laid down by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, alongside sister ship Peregrine, on 9 June 1915 with the yard number 447, launched on 8 April the following year and completed on 31 May. [4] The vessel was the first to be named after the naval officer Admiral William Penn, the father of the founder of Pennsylvania. [12] The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla. [13]

The destroyer spent most of the war as part of the screen for the 1st Battle Squadron. A key role was to protect the dreadnought battleships of the squadron from German submarines. As part in the Action of 19 August 1916, the ship was dispatched to support the light cruiser Nottingham, which was sunk by torpedo launched by the submarine U-52. [14] The destroyer sped to the spot to pick up survivors, weaving to avoid the same fate. Despite the cold water, the destroyer managed to save most of the crew. [15] Returned to screen the squadron, Penn subsequently sighted a submarine and helped to fend off attacks by Zeppelin airships against the British warships. [16]

On 18 January 1917, the destroyer, equipped with anti-submarine paravanes, was one of six used for high speed sweeps of Dogger Bank, although no submarines were found during the operation. [17] The vessel remained part of the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla based at Rosyth. [18] On 16 October, the destroyer participated in the Action off Lerwick, escorting the aircraft carrier Furious, which launched aircraft to search for enemy ships. [19] Penn rejoined the screen for the 1st Battle Squadron in time for the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight the following month. [20] The squadron did not engage with the German force, which was able to escape through a minefield. [21] The destroyer was subsequently transferred to the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla. [22] The flotilla took part in the Royal Navy's response to one of the final sorties of the German High Seas Fleet during the First World War, on 24 April 1918, although the two fleets did not actually meet and the destroyer saw no action. [23]

After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and personnel needed to be reduced to save money. [24] Penn was declared superfluous to operational requirements. On 17 October 1919, the destroyer was reduced and placed in reserve. [25] However, this did not last long. The harsh conditions of wartime operations, particularly the combination of high speed and the poor weather that is typical of the North Sea, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the Admiralty decided to retire the ship. [26] On 31 October 1921, Penn was sold to be broken up to W. & A.T. Burdon. [27]

Pennant numbers

Pennant number Date
G50September 1915 [28]
F19January 1917 [29]
F16January 1918 [29]
G74March 1918 [30]
G25January 1919 [31]

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HMS <i>Prince</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Prince was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Launched in 1916, Prince joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet. The destroyer assisted in the rescue of the crew of the flotilla leader Hoste in 1916, laying down fuel oil on the sea in an attempt to create a calm enough environment to evacuate the sinking ship. The operation was successful and all the sailors were saved. In 1917, the ship formed part of the destroyer screen for the First Battle Squadron during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight but saw no action. After the Armistice that ended the war, Prince was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

HMS <i>Nizam</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Nizam was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Nizam had a largely uneventful war. Joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet in 1916, the vessel was soon involved in an exercise that involved most of the dreadnoughts of the First and Third Battle Squadrons but did not take part in any fleet actions. In 1917, the destroyer was a participant in anti-ship and anti-submarine patrols, but these were unsuccessful and the ship did not engage any enemy warships. After the Armistice that ended the war, Nizam was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

HMS <i>Norman</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Norman was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Norman had a largely uneventful war. Joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet in 1916, the vessel was soon involved in an exercise that involved most of the dreadnoughts of the First and Third Battle Squadrons but did not take part in any fleet actions with Germany. In 1917, the destroyer was a participant in anti-ship and anti-submarine patrols, but, once again, the ship did not engage any enemy warships. After the Armistice that ended the war, Norman was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ McBride 1991, p. 34.
  2. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 132.
  3. 1 2 3 Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 109.
  4. 1 2 Johnston 2014, p. 189.
  5. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 157.
  6. ↑ Preston 1985, pp. 76, 80.
  7. ↑ March 1966, p. 174.
  8. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 156.
  9. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 150.
  10. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 152.
  11. ↑ Preston 1985, p. 79.
  12. ↑ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 338.
  13. ↑ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. July 1916. Retrieved 21 December 2021– via National Library of Scotland.
  14. ↑ Newbolt 1928, p. 35.
  15. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 33 1927, p. 100.
  16. ↑ Newbolt 1928, p. 39.
  17. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 34 1933, p. 91.
  18. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 35 1939, p. 295.
  19. ↑ Newbolt 1931, pp. 150–151.
  20. ↑ Newbolt 1931, p. 169.
  21. ↑ Newbolt 1931, p. 176.
  22. ↑ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. October 1918. Retrieved 24 December 2022– via National Library of Scotland.
  23. ↑ Newbolt 1931, p. 237.
  24. ↑ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
  25. ↑ "Penn", The Navy List, p. 823, July 1920, retrieved 21 December 2021– via National Library of Scotland
  26. ↑ Preston 1985, p. 80.
  27. ↑ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 264.
  28. ↑ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 67.
  29. 1 2 Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 46.
  30. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 66.
  31. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 63.

Bibliography

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