HMS Obdurate (1916)

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History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Obdurate
OrderedNovember 1914
Builder Scotts of Greenock
Yard number465
Laid downMay 1915
Launched21 January 1916
Completed23 March 1916
Out of service15 November 1921
FateSold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and type Admiralty M-class destroyer
Displacement
Length265 ft (80.8 m)
Beam26 ft 8 in (8.1 m)
Draught9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)
Propulsion
Speed34 knots (39.1 mph; 63.0 km/h)
Range3,450  nmi (6,390 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement76
Armament

HMS Obdurate was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. Launched on 21 January 1916 by Scotts of Greenock, the vessel served as part of the Grand Fleet in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. The destroyer formed part of the cover for the British battlecruisers and was involved in attacks on German battleships and destroyers, but recorded no hits. The destroyer was also part of attack by Zeppelin L 43 on Sydney and the distant cover for the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, but received only minor damage from the German airship. After the armistice, Obdurate was assigned to the Local Defence Force at Nore and sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

Contents

Design and development

Obdurate was one of twenty-two Admiralty M-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in November 1914 as part of the Third War Construction Programme. [1] The M-class was an improved version of the earlier L-class destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The design was to achieve a speed of 36 knots (67  km/h ; 41  mph ), although the destroyers did not achieve this in service. It transpired that the German ships did not exist but the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. [2]

The destroyer was 265 feet (80.8 m) long overall, with a beam of 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) and a draught of 9 ft 3 in (2.8 m). Displacement was 994 long tons (1,010 t) normal and 1,025 long tons (1,041 t) full load. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding two Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at 25,000 shaft horsepower (19,000 kW) and driving two shafts, to give a design speed of 34 kn (63 km/h; 39 mph). [3] Three funnels were fitted. A fuel load of 296 long tons (301 t) of oil was carried, giving a design range of 3,450 nautical miles (6,390 km; 3,970 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). [4] The ship had a complement of 76 officers and ratings. [4]

Armament consisted of three 4 in (102 mm) Mk IV QF guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. A single 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom anti-aircraft gun was carried, while torpedo armament consisted of two rotating twin mounts for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes. [5]

Construction and career

Obdurate was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Greenock with the yard number 465 in May 1915, launched on 21 January the following year and completed on 23 March. [6] The ship was the first of the name to serve with the navy. [7] The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla. [8]

On 30 May 1916, the destroyer sailed with the Grand Fleet to confront the German High Seas Fleet in what would be the Battle of Jutland. [9] Obdurate was one of fourteen M-class destroyers that were allocated to form part of the screen to protect the battlecruisers of the Fleet. [10] [11] Led by the light cruiser Champion, Obdurate and sister ship Moresby took part in the attack of the German fleet that led to the destruction of the battleship Pommern. [12] As the warships broke apart, Champion sped away in pursuit of the German fleet, leaving the majority of the destroyers behind, with only Moresby and Obdurate able to keep up. [13]

The small flotilla sought for the main German fleet, and at 2:15 turned westwards towards gunfire. [14] They saw four German cruisers with their attendant destroyers but did not engage as the enemy ships sped away, later narrowly missing attacking four destroyers before they disappeared into the haze. [15] Returning to the British lines, the three ships were spotted by the German torpedo boats G40 and V45, which launched torpedoes, but both sides escaped without recording a hit. [16] In the aftermath of the battle, Obdurate rescued two sailors from the destroyer Ardent, which had been sunk in the action. [17]

On 4 May 1917, Obdurate was escorting the light cruisers Dublin and Sydney when the flotilla came under attack from submarines and airships. The destroyer attacked what was thought to be a submarine periscope and received minor damage when a bomb dropped by Zeppelin L 43 narrowly missed but was otherwise unharmed. [18] On 16 November that year, Obdurate was part of the destroyer screen for the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, led by Lion, that provided distant cover at the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight but did not engage with the enemy. [19] The vessel was also involved in escorting merchant ships in the convoys that crossed the Atlantic Ocean. [20]

After the armistice, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of service, and surplus vessels were culled. Obdurate was initially allocated to the Local Defence Force at Nore. [21] On 15 November 1921, the vessel was sold to Cashmore of Newport, Wales, and was broken up from the following May. [22] It was announced that the ship's bell was to be sold on 31 March 1928. [23]

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
F06January 1917 [24]
F07January 1918 [24]
H50June 1918 [25]
G26September 1915 [26]
F83January 1919 [27]
HA2January 1922 [28]

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HMS <i>Mameluke</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

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HMS <i>Mindful</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

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HMS <i>Obedient</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Obedient was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Launched in 1916, the destroyer served with the Grand Fleet during the Battle of Jutland in 1916, helping sink the torpedo boat V48 and narrowiy missing the German battleships as they withdrew. Subsequently, Obedient took part in anti-submarine patrols, attacking U-70 in 1917. The conditions of service meant that the destroyer was soon worn out and, after the armistice that ended the war in 1918, Obedient was placed in reserve. Despite a service life of only five years, the vessel was decommissioned and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

HMS <i>Onslaught</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Onslaught was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched in 1915, joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Faulknor. The ship saw action during the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, jointly sinking the German torpedo boat SMS V48 and launching the torpedo that sank the pre-dreadnought battleship Pommern, the only German battleship to be lost in the battle. Subsequently, the destroyer acted as an escort to other naval ships during the Action of 19 August 1916 and took part in anti-submarine operations. At the end of the war, Onslaught was withdrawn from service and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ McBride 1991, p. 34.
  2. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 132.
  3. ↑ Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 109.
  4. 1 2 Friedman 2009, p. 296.
  5. ↑ Preston 1985, p. 79.
  6. ↑ Kemble 1961, p. 103.
  7. ↑ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 342.
  8. ↑ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to The Monthly Navy List: 12. April 1916. Retrieved 2 September 2021– via National Library of Scotland.
  9. ↑ Brooks 2016, pp. 155.
  10. ↑ Corbett 1920, pp. 408.
  11. ↑ Jutland: Official Despatches 1920, p. 533.
  12. ↑ Corbett 1920, pp. 408–409.
  13. ↑ Brooks 2016, p. 399.
  14. ↑ Corbett 1920, p. 410.
  15. ↑ Brookes 1962, p. 66.
  16. ↑ Brooks 2016, p. 425.
  17. ↑ Corbett 1920, p. 422.
  18. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 35 1939, pp. 2–3.
  19. ↑ Newbolt 1931, p. 169.
  20. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 35 1939, p. 232.
  21. ↑ "Local Defence and Training Establishments", The Navy List, p. 704, October 1919, retrieved 2 September 2021– via National Library of Scotland
  22. ↑ Colledge & Warlow 2010, p. 228.
  23. ↑ "Warships' Bells". The Times . No. 44907. 31 March 1928. p. 11.
  24. 1 2 Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 45.
  25. ↑ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 68.
  26. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 63.
  27. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 52.
  28. ↑ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 78.

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