HMS Whaddon (L45)

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HMS Whaddon.jpg
Whaddon, 19 June 1942
History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Whaddon
Ordered11 April 1939
Builder Alexander Stephen & Sons, Linthouse, Govan
Yard numberAdmiralty Job No.1472
Laid down27 July 1939
Launched16 July 1940
Commissioned28 February 1941
Identification Pennant number: L45
Honours and
awards
FateScrapped in April 1959
General characteristics
Class and type Type I Hunt-class destroyer
Displacement
  • 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) standard
  • 1,340 long tons (1,362 t) full load
Length85 m (278 ft 10 in) o/a
Beam8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)
Draught3.27 m (10 ft 9 in)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 27.5 knots (31.6 mph; 50.9 km/h)
  • 26 kn (30 mph; 48 km/h) full
Range
  • 3,500  nmi (6,500 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
  • 1,000 nmi (1,900 km) at 26 kn (48 km/h)
Complement146
Armament

HMS Whaddon (L45) was a Type I Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy built by Alexander Stephen & Sons of Linthouse, Govan and launched on 16 July 1940. She was laid down on 27 July 1939 and commissioned 28 February 1941. She was adopted by the civil community of Newport Pagnell in Buckinghamshire, as part of the Warship Week campaign in 1942.

Contents


Design

The Hunt-class was meant to fill the Royal Navy's need for a large number of small destroyer-type vessels capable of both convoy escort and operations with the fleet, and were designed with a heavy anti-aircraft armament of six 4-inch anti-aircraft guns and a speed of 29 knots (33 mph; 54 km/h). [1] [2] An error during design, which was only discovered once the first ship of the class Atherstone was built, meant that the ships as designed were dangerously unstable. To restore stability, the first 23 Hunts, including Whaddon, were modified during construction by removing a twin 4-inch mount, cutting down the ships' superstructure and adding ballast. These ships were known as Type I Hunts. [3] [4] Later ships in the class had their beam increased, which allowed them to carry the originally intended armament, and were known as Type II Hunts. [5]

The type I Hunts were 264 feet 3 inches (80.54 m) long between perpendiculars and 280 feet (85.34 m) overall. The ship's beam was 29 feet 0 inches (8.84 m) and draught 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m). Displacement was 1,000 long tons (1,000  t ) standard and 1,360 long tons (1,380 t) under full load. Two Admiralty boilers raising steam at 300 pounds per square inch (2,100 kPa) and 620 °F (327 °C) fed Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines that drove two propeller shafts, generating 19,000 shaft horsepower (14,000 kW) at 380 rpm. This gave a speed of 27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph). [6]

The ship's main gun armament was four 4 inch (102 mm) QF Mk XVI dual purpose (anti-ship and anti-aircraft) guns in two twin mounts, with one mount forward and one aft. Additional close-in anti-aircraft armament was provided by a quadruple 2-pounder "pom-pom" mount. [7] [6] Type I Hunts were later modified by adding two single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon on the bridge wings. [8] Up to 40 depth charges could be carried. [6] [9] The ship had a complement of 146 officers and men. [6]

Construction

Whaddon was ordered on 11 April 1939, as part of the second batch of ten Hunts authorised under the 1939 Royal Navy construction programme. The ship was laid down at Alexander Stephen and Sons' Linthouse, Govan shipyard on 27 July 1939, [10] with the yard number 572. [11] The destroyer was launched on 16 July 1940 and completed on 28 February 1941. [10] Whaddon, named for the Fox hunt based at the Buckinghamshire village of the same name, [12] was the first ship of that name to serve with the Royal Navy. [13] She was allocated the pennant number L45. [14]

Service history

Following commissioning, Whaddon joined the Rosyth Escort Force, where she was employed as a convoy escort in the North Sea, continuing with these operations for the rest of 1941 and throughout 1942. [15] On 8 May 1941, Whaddon was alongside at Kingston upon Hull when she was near missed by a bomb during a German air raid, sustaining minor splinter damage. [15] [16]

Whaddon was then allocated to the Mediterranean Fleet in March 1943, joining the 60th Destroyer Flotilla where she undertook escort and patrol duties. [17] In June 1943, Whaddon took part in Operation Corkscrew, the bombardment and invasion of the Italian island of Pantelleria. On 8 June, she took part in a bombardment of the island by a strong British naval force consisting of the cruisers Aurora, Euryalus, Newfoundland, Orion and Penelope and the destroyers Jervis, Laforey, Loyal, Nubian, Tartar, Troubridge and Whaddon, and on the night of 10/11 June accompanied the invasion force to the island, which surrendered without a fight on 11 June. [18] Whaddon took part in Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, escorting an assault convoy that took part in the landings on 10 July, [19] and in September 1943, took part in Operation Avalanche, the allied landings at Salerno. [17]

In August 1944, Whaddon took part in Operation Dragoon, the invasion of the South of France, escorting a follow-up convoy from Naples that arrived at the beachhead on 15 August. [20] In September 1944, Germany started to pull its forces out of Crete and German-occupied Islands in the Aegean Sea, while the British deployed a force of Escort Carriers and destroyers to disrupt the German evacuations. On the night of 21/22 September, Whaddon and Belvoir were patrolling the Strait of Otranto when they encountered three German torpedo boats TA37, TA38 and TA39, which were being sent from the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean to replace German losses. Whaddon and Belvoir opened fire, but the faster German torpedo boats managed to escape the British destroyers without damage. [21] [22] Whaddon was refitted at Alexandria in January–February 1945, and was then deployed in operations in the Adriatic until the end of the war in Europe. [17]

On 29 September 1945 Whaddon sailed from Gibraltar to Devonport and was placed in reserve. [23] The ship was towed from Devonport to Cardiff in 1954 and reduced to Extended Reserve (i.e. she was destored, partially de-equipped and not maintained). [24] She was scrapped at Faslane from April 1959. [13] She has since had a British Sea Cadet Corps unit named after it, T.S Whaddon, located in Milton Keynes.

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References

  1. ↑ English 1987, pp. 7–9.
  2. ↑ Friedman 2008, pp. 71–72.
  3. ↑ English 1987, pp. 10–11.
  4. ↑ Friedman 2008, pp. 75–77.
  5. ↑ English 1987, pp. 11–12.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Lenton 1970, p. 87.
  7. ↑ Gardiner & Chesneau 1980, p. 47.
  8. ↑ Lenton 1970, p. 85.
  9. ↑ Friedman 2008, p. 319.
  10. 1 2 English 1987, p. 16.
  11. ↑ "Whaddon". Scottish Built Ships: The History of Shipbuilding in Scotland. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  12. ↑ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 485.
  13. 1 2 Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 385.
  14. ↑ English 1987, p. 106.
  15. 1 2 English 1987, p. 101.
  16. ↑ H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action 1952, p. 164.
  17. 1 2 3 English 1987, p. 102.
  18. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 214.
  19. ↑ Winser 2002, p. 94.
  20. ↑ Winser 2002, p. 119.
  21. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 303.
  22. ↑ O'Hara 2011, Encounter in the Strait of Otranto, 22 September 1944.
  23. ↑ Critchley 1982, p. 29.
  24. ↑ English 1987, pp. 6, 102.

Bibliography

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