Hakea laurina

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Hakea laurina
Hakea laurina Tas.jpg
Hakea laurina inflorescences at different stages of maturity
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hakea
Species:
H. laurina
Binomial name
Hakea laurina
Hakea laurinaDistMap70.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Detail showing crimson flower head Pincushion hakea03.jpg
Detail showing crimson flower head

Hakea laurina is shrub or small tree commonly known as kodjet or pin-cushion hakea [3] and is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar name for the plant is kodjet or kojet. [4] It has red and cream conspicuous globular flowers and lance shaped leaves.

Contents

Description

Hakea laurina is an upright shrub or small tree with smooth grey bark, 2.5–6.0 m (8 ft 2 in – 19 ft 8 in) high, 3–5 m (9.8–16.4 ft) wide and does not form a lignotuber. The inflorescence consists of 120-190 conspicuous white, deep pink or red pin cushion shaped flowers in the leaf axils. The pedicels are 5.5–9.5 mm (0.22–0.37 in) long and smooth. The perianth is dark pink to red, the pistil 14–19.5 mm (0.55–0.77 in) long, cream-white or occasionally red or dark pink. The flower buds are enclosed in scale-like bracts. Flowering occurs from April to July. The leaves are simple, slightly blue green, flat, smooth, margins entire, lance or egg-shaped and taper to a blunt point at the tip. The leaves are arranged alternately along the branches, 7–21 cm (2.8–8.3 in) long, 6–29 mm (0.24–1.14 in) wide on a stem 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long and narrowing at the base. The fruit are in clusters of 1-10 per axil, 2.2–3.8 cm (0.87–1.50 in) long, 1.6–2.3 cm (0.63–0.91 in) wide, egg-shaped, smooth, occasionally with rough pitting and ending in a short beak. [3] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Hakea laurina was first formally described 1830 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae . [7] The specific epithet is derived from the Latin laurus with reference to the resemblance of the leaves to laurel. [5]

Distribution

Pincushion hakea is endemic to the coastal southwest of Western Australia, the northernmost range being Narrogin and extending east to Esperance. [8]

The habitat is often sandplains, sometimes occurring on sandy clay; most recorded specimens are in the southern districts of its botanical province. Introduced populations are known to exist on Kangaroo Island and in the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. [1]

Cultivation

The plant, which is propagated from seeds, is used in cultivation in the eastern states of Australia, and as a hedging or street plant in America and Italy. [5] Adaptable to a number of soil types, the plant is also tolerant of frost. The uses of this species include ornament and shading in public streets, wildlife habitat, windbreaks, and control of soil erosion. [9] [10] [11]

Conservation status

Hakea laurina is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a suspected decline of at least 30% over the past three generations of the species, mainly due to land clearing for agriculture. The remnant subpopulations along road verges are threatened by further clearance for road maintenance, as well as weed invasion, pollution from phosphate fertilizers used in farming and altered fire regimes resulting in insufficient fire frequency.

The species is found within the protected areas of Cape Arid National Park, Fitzgerald River National Park, Stirling Range National Park and Lake Magenta Nature Reserve. Additional conservation actions required for the species include maintaining and managing threats of the populations along road verges, as well as regular monitoring of populations. [1] [12]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Grevillea fasciculata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Hakea adnata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to the south coast of Western Australia

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<i>Hakea baxteri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

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<i>Hakea falcata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to southern Western Australia

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<i>Hakea macrocarpa</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Hakea stenocarpa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the South West regions of Western Australia

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<i>Hakea stenophylla</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Hakea fraseri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to northern New South Wales

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Haegi, L.; Keighery, G. (2020). "Hakea laurina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T117491356A121862180. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T117491356A121862180.en . Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ↑ "Hakea laurina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  3. 1 2 Young, Jennifer (2006). Hakeas of Western Australia-A Field and Identification Guide. J.A Young. ISBN   0-9585778-2-X.
  4. ↑ "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "Hakea laurina". Growing Native Plants. Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG). 11 October 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  6. ↑ "Hakea laurina". Fact Sheet-Flora of South Australia. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  7. ↑ Brown, Robert (1830). Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. London. p. 26. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  8. ↑ Young, Jennifer (Jennifer Ann); Young, J. A (2006), Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide, J.A. Young, ISBN   978-0-9585778-2-3
  9. ↑ "HAKEA LAURINA". Chronicle . Vol. LIX, no. 3, 062. South Australia. 28 April 1917. p. 11. Retrieved 26 September 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  10. ↑ "HAKEA LAURINA". Kalgoorlie Miner . Vol. 43, no. 10, 951. Western Australia. 19 May 1937. p. 3. Retrieved 26 September 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "Tree Planters' Guide Useful & Beautiful Hakeas". The Land . No. 2176. New South Wales, Australia. 26 June 1953. p. 22. Retrieved 26 September 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  12. ↑ Fernandes, Rianne E; Millar, Melissa A; Coates, David J; Byrne, Margaret; Krauss, Siegfried L; Williams, Matthew R; Hopper, Stephen D (2022), Plant mating system dynamics in restoration: a comparison of restoration and remnant populations of Hakea laurina (Proteaceae), ISSN   1061-2971

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