Hakea salicifolia

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Willow-leaved hakea
Willow-leaved Hakea.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hakea
Species:
H. salicifolia
Binomial name
Hakea salicifolia
Hakea salicifoliaDistMap124.png
Occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium
Synonyms [1]
  • Conchium salicifolium C.F.Gaertn.
  • Embothrium salicifoliumVent.
  • Hakea salicifolia Meisn. nom. inval., pro syn.
New growth Hakea salicifolia.jpg
New growth

Hakea salicifolia, commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, [2] is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers.

Contents

Description

Hakea salicifolia is a fast-growing upright shrub or small tree to 3–5 m (10–20 ft) tall. Smaller branches are smooth with obvious dark red longitudinal ribbing. Young shoots have sparse silky hairs or may be totally hairless. Leaves are narrowly oval shaped, widest in the middle up to 12 cm long and 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide tapering to a point or occasionally rounded at the apex. The pale green leaves are smooth, occasionally bluish-green with a powdery film. Young leaves are darker with sparse flattened silky white and rusty coloured hairs quickly becoming smooth. The inflorescence consists of a single umbel of 16–28 white to pale yellow flowers on a short stalk 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) long. The young flower bracts are 3 mm (0.1 in) long and slightly hairy externally. The pedicel is 4.5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. The perianth is smooth, bluish-green with a powdery film and 2.3–3.5 mm (0.09–0.1 in) long. The style 6–6.5 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. Egg-shaped fruit are 2.3–3.5 cm (0.9–1 in) long and 1.3–3 cm (0.5–1 in) wide narrowing gradually to a slightly upturned beak with small horns. The fruit surface is covered with black blister-like warts 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) high. [3] [4] [5]

Fruit Willow-leaved Hakea seed.jpg
Fruit

Taxonomy and naming

Willow-leaved hakea was first formally described in 1800 by French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat who gave it the name Embrothium salicifolium and published the description in Description des Plantes Nouvelles et peu connues, cultivees dans le Jardin de J.M. Cels. The type specimen was grown in the garden of Jacques Philippe Martin Cels from material collected from Botany Bay in 1792. [6] [7] In 1941, English botanist Brian Burtt changed the name to Hakea salicifolia and published the description in Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. [8] The specific epithet (salicifolia) is derived from the Latin words salix [9] :174 meaning "willow" and folium meaning "leaf" [9] :46 referring to the willow-like leaves. [10]

Two subspecies are currently recognised by the Australian Plant Census:

Hakea saligna var. angustifolia was first formally described in 1920 by Arthur Andrew Hamilton in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales [13] [14] before being renamed Hakea salicifolia subsp. angustifolia in 1999 by William Robert Barker. [15]

Distribution and habitat

Hakea salicifolia is a widespread species growing mainly from Kempsey to the Shoalhaven River, Dorrigo, Whian Whian and the Blue Mountains. Also found near the Queensland and New South Wales border. Grows in wet sclerophyll forest often near rainforest. [5] [16]

Ecology

Willow-leaved Hakea is an invasive plant species in New Zealand and is listed by the New Zealand Department of Conservation as one of about 300 environmental weeds. It is also invasive in Portugal. [17] :123 An attractive ornamental tree adaptable to most soils and aspects from sub-tropical to temperate zones creating issues with over abundance of the species in some localities. Planted on tea plantations in Tanzania as a wind-break and boundary hedge. [4] [18] [19]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hakea</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae endemic to Australia

Hakea is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to Australia. They are shrubs or small trees with leaves that are sometimes flat, otherwise circular in cross section in which case they are sometimes divided. The flowers are usually arranged in groups in leaf axils and resemble those of other genera, especially Grevillea. Hakeas have woody fruit which distinguishes them from grevilleas which have non-woody fruit which release the seeds as they mature. Hakeas are found in every state of Australia with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australia.

<i>Hakea bucculenta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Hakea bucculenta, commonly known as red pokers, is a large shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia. It is an ornamental shrub with red or orange flowers that appear in rod-like blooms in leaf axils for an extended period from May to November.

<i>Hakea teretifolia</i> Species of plant

Hakea teretifolia, commonly known as the dagger hakea, is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae and is common on heathlands in coastal eastern Australia from northern New South Wales through to Victoria and Tasmania. A very prickly shrub, it is rarely cultivated but easy to grow.

<i>Allocasuarina distyla</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina distyla, commonly known as scrub she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 350 mm (14 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, the fruiting cones 13–35 mm (0.51–1.38 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.0–8.0 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

<i>Hakea cygna</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Hakea cygna, commonly known as the swan hakea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It usually grows as a dense shrub with creamy-white upright flowers appearing from July to August. It is endemic to Western Australia.

<i>Olearia phlogopappa</i> Species of flowering plant

Olearia phlogopappa commonly known as the dusty daisy-bush or alpine daisy-bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is commonly found in eastern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. It is a small shrub with greyish-green foliage, daisy-like flowers in white, pink or mauve that can be seen from spring to late summer.

<i>Hakea decurrens</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae from Australia

Hakea decurrens, commonly known as bushy needlewood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae.

<i>Notelaea longifolia</i> Species of plant

Notelaea longifolia is a very common shrub or small tree in eastern Australia. Occurring in or adjacent to rainforest from Mimosa Rocks National Park to Bamaga in far north Queensland. Common names include large mock-olive or long-leaved-olive. An attractive ornamental plant.

<i>Hakea rugosa</i> Species of shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Australia

Hakea rugosa, commonly known as wrinkled hakea or dwarf hakea, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Australia. It has sharp needle-shaped leaves and white or cream fragrant flowers in profusion from August to October.

<i>Bossiaea heterophylla</i> Species of legume

Bossiaea heterophylla, commonly known as variable bossiaea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a variable shrub with flattened stems, egg-shaped to linear leaves, and yellow and dark red flowers.

<i>Hakea dohertyi</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to central New South Wales in Australia

Hakea dohertyi, commonly known as the Kowmung hakea, is a shrub endemic to a restricted locale in the Great Dividing Range in central New South Wales in Australia.

<i>Hakea eriantha</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to the east coast of Australia

Hakea eriantha, commonly known as tree hakea, is a shrub or small tree endemic to the east coast of Australia. It has white flowers on a woolly stem in leaf axils, long narrow leaves with reddish new growth. Found growing at higher altitudes in moist or sclerophyll Eucalyptus woodland.

<i>Hakea cucullata</i> Species of in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Hakea cucullata, commonly known as hood-leaved hakea, cup hakea or scallop hakea, is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an attractive shrub with distinctive foliage and beautiful large pink, red, or deep purple scented flowers.

<i>Hakea anadenia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from Western Australia

Hakea anadenia is a shrub in the family Proteaceae, native to near the west coast of Western Australia. The fragrant creamy-white flowers appear in profusion from late winter to spring, but do not produce nectar.

<i>Hakea conchifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Hakea conchifolia, commonly known as the shell-leaved hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to an area in the west coast of the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. An attractive small species with unusual rigid leaves that encircle the flowers.

<i>Hakea divaricata</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to an area in central Australia

Hakea divaricata, commonly known as needlewood, corkbark tree or fork-leaved corkwood, is a tree or shrub in the family Proteaceae native to an area in central Australia. A slow growing species with up to 120 showy cream to greenish-yellow flowers in long racemes from June to November.

<i>Hakea cyclocarpa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from Western Australia.

Hakea cyclocarpa, commonly known as the ram's horn, wild bean or curved-fruit hakea is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. A strongly scented species with large creamy-white flowers with a red style and interesting fruit. Native to an area along the west coast and south west regions of Western Australia.

<i>Hakea recurva</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Hakea recurva, commonly known as jarnockmert, is a flowering shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to an area in the Mid West, northern Wheatbelt and the Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It has creams-white to yellow flowers and thick, prickly, curved leaves.

<i>Hakea stenophylla</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Hakea stenophylla is a shrub or tree in the family Proteaceae, with sweetly scented creamy-white flowers. It is endemic to Western Australia.

Hakea recurva subsp. arida is a plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Hakea salicifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  2. "Hakea salicifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  3. Holliday, Ivan. "Hakeas a Field and Garden Guide". Reed New Holland. ISBN   1-877069-14-0.
  4. 1 2 Wriggley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1996). "Australian Native Plants-Propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping". Reed New Holland. ISBN   1-876334-30-4.
  5. 1 2 3 Barker, Robyn M.; Haegi, Laurence A.; Barker, William R. (1999). Wilson, Annette (ed.). "Flora of Australia" Vol.17B Proteaceae 3 Hakea to Dryandra. ABRS. ISBN   0-643-06454-0.
  6. "Embothrium salicifolium". APNI. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  7. Ventenat, Etienne Pierre (1800). Description des plantes nouvelles et peu connues : cultivées dans le jardin de J.M. Cels : avec figures. Paris. p. t8. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  8. "Hakea salicifolia". APNI. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  9. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  10. "Hakea salicifolia". Flora of South Australian:Online. South Australian Government. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  11. "Hakea salicifolia subsp. salicifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  12. "Hakea salicifolia subsp. angustifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  13. "Hakea saligna var. angustifolia". APNI. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  14. Hamilton, Arthur Andrew (1920). "Notes from the Botanic Gardens, Sydney". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 45 (2): 261–262. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.19545 . Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  15. "Hakea salicifolia var. angustifolia". APNI. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  16. "Hakea salicifolia". PlantNET:NSW Flora Online. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  17. Domingues de Almeida, João; Freitas, Helena (2006). "Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal – A reassessment". Botanica Complutensis. 30. 30: 117–130. ISSN   0214-4565 . Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  18. Howell, Clayson (May 2008). Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand (PDF). DRDS292. Wellington: Department of Conservation. ISBN   978-0-478-14413-0 . Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  19. "Hakea salicifolia". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 February 2019.