Shoalhaven River

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Shoalhaven River
Shoalhaven River - near the Great Dividing Range, west of Batemans Bay.jpg
Shoalhaven River, near the Great Dividing Range, west of Batemans Bay.
Australia New South Wales relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Location of the Shoalhaven River mouth in New South Wales
Etymology"Shoals Haven" (Bass in 1797). [1]
Location
Country Australia
State New South Wales
Region Sydney Basin (IBRA), Southern Tablelands, South Coast
LGAs Palerang, Shoalhaven
Cities Nowra, Bomaderry
Physical characteristics
SourceEuranbene Mountain, Great Dividing Range
  locationwest of Bendethera
  coordinates 35°58′15″S149°38′3″E / 35.97083°S 149.63417°E / -35.97083; 149.63417
  elevation864 m (2,835 ft)
Mouth Tasman Sea, Pacific Ocean
  location
Shoalhaven Heads
  coordinates
34°51′S150°44′E / 34.850°S 150.733°E / -34.850; 150.733
  elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length327 km (203 mi)
Basin size7,086 km2 (2,736 sq mi)
Basin features
Tributaries 
  left Kangaroo River
  right Mongarlowe River, Corang River, Endrick River
Islands Pig (Burraga), Comerong
[2]

The Shoalhaven River is a perennial river that rises from the Southern Tablelands and flows into an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary [3] near Nowra on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

Contents

Location and features

The Shoalhaven River rises on the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range, below Euranbene Mountain, about 350 kilometres (220 mi) southwest of Sydney. The upper reaches of the river flow northwards through an upland pastoral district near the town of Braidwood. The river works its way down into a remote canyon east of Goulburn and emerges into the coastal lowlands at Nowra in the Shoalhaven district, where it is spanned by the Nowra Bridge. The river is joined by thirty-four tributaries, including the Mongarlowe, Corang, Endrick, and Kangaroo rivers, and descends 864 metres (2,835 ft) over its 327-kilometre (203 mi) course. [2]

Berrys Canal

The estuary has two entrances, approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) apart, that flow into the Shoalhaven Bight within the Tasman Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The southern entrance is located at Crookhaven Heads and is permanently open. The Shoalhaven River flows south via Berrys Canal to Greenwell Point, where it is joined by the Crookhaven River and then flows east past Orient Point into the bight, north of Culburra. [4] The Berrys Canal between the Shoalhaven and the Crookhaven was constructed in June 1822 by convicts overseen by Hamilton Hume under the direction of Alexander Berry to facilitate ship transport to the original European settlement located in the region. [5] The construction of the canal formed Comerong Island. The canal was dug using own hand tools, and was the first land navigable canal in Australia. Berrys Canal remains one of two navigable canals in New South Wales, the other being the Alexandra Canal.

The northern entrance is located south of Shoalhaven Heads, and is open intermittently, at times of peak flow and during flood events. [4]

Use for water supply

Tallowa Dam is the only major dam on the Shoalhaven, and is a part of the Shoalhaven Scheme. It impounds the river's lower reaches to form Lake Yarrunga and part of Sydney's water supply. Some water is pumped out of the lake and over the Southern Highlands into Lake Burragorang. Proposals for a much larger water storage at Welcome Reef on the upper Shoalhaven have been shelved.[ citation needed ]

Environment

The Shoalhaven River and its main tributary the Kangaroo River were once renowned as an Australian bass fishery. Unfortunately, Tallowa Dam has been a potent barrier to migratory native fish with estuarine/marine juvenile stages, blocking species including Australian bass from more than 80% of their former range in the Shoalhaven system. Recent stockings of hatchery-bred Bass in Lake Yarrunga are an attempt to remediate the situation.[ citation needed ] A fishway for Tallowa Dam was completed in August 2009. [6] This fishway is designed to allow for the movement of bass and other native fish over the dam. [7] Lake Yarrunga has also suffered the illegal introduction of highly damaging European carp, which are now present in high densities.

History

Indigenous history

The traditional custodians of the land are Jerrinja tribal peoples the surrounding Shoalhaven River, in its lower reaches, are the Aboriginal peoples of the lower catchment are Jerrinja tribal peoples which are the traditional custodians of the Shoalhaven . [8] Some of the culturally important Aboriginal places in the Shoalhaven include Coolangatta Mountain, Bundarwa (Beecroft Headland), Cambewarra Mountain, Didthul or Pigeon House Mountain, Kangaroo Valley, Burrill Lake, and Murramarang Aboriginal Area and its environs. [9] [10]

The upper part of the Shoalhaven river, in the district around modern-day Braidwood, is the traditional land of the Walbanga people. [11]

European history

The explorer and navigator George Bass found the entrance to the Shoalhaven River during his whaleboat voyage down the south coast of New South Wales in 1797. He gave the name Shoals Haven to the river (now known as the Crookhaven River) because of the shoals of mud and sand he found at the river mouth. [1] [12]

Approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Nowra are a series of properties along the banks of the Shoalhaven River that were a gift to the people of Australia from Arthur Boyd, his wife, Yvonne, and the Boyd family. Entrusted to the Bundanon Trust, along with further gifts by Boyd, including copyright of all of his artwork, these properties provide an environment that promotes visual arts, writing, music and other performing arts, and the promotion of education and research in the arts. [13]

Crossings

Ballalaba bridge on the Braidwood-Cooma Road Ballalaba bridge over the over the Shoalhaven River.jpg
Ballalaba bridge on the Braidwood–Cooma Road
Farringdon Crossing Farringdon Crossing, Farringdon, New South Wales.jpg
Farringdon Crossing
Bombay Bridge Bombay Bridge over the Shoalhaven, Bombay, New South Wales.jpg
Bombay Bridge
Warri Bridge on the Kings Highway Warri Bridge on the Kings Highway over the Shoalhaven.jpg
Warri Bridge on the Kings Highway
New Bridge and remains of old bridge at Oallen Ford New and piers of old bridge at Oallen Ford, Shoalhaven River.JPG
New Bridge and remains of old bridge at Oallen Ford

The river crossings, from its headwaters to its river mouth, include:

Historically, there was once a ford crossing at the former village of Larbert. [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City of Shoalhaven</span> Local government in New South Wales, Australia

The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Sydney. The Princes Highway passes through the area, and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section, terminating at Bomaderry. At the 2021 census, the population was 108,531.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamilton Hume</span> Australian explorer (1797–1873)

Hamilton Hume was an early explorer of the present-day Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. In 1824, along with William Hovell, Hume participated in an expedition that first took an overland route from Sydney to Port Phillip. Along with Sturt in 1828, he was part of an expedition of the first Europeans to find the Darling River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Berry</span> Australian politician (1781–1873)

Alexander Berry was a Scottish-born surgeon, merchant and explorer who was given in 1822 a land grant of 10,000 acres (40 km2) and 100 convicts to establish the first European settlement on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nowra</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Nowra is a city in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 160 kilometres (99 mi) south-southwest of the state capital of Sydney. As of the 2021 census, Nowra has an estimated population of 22,584. Situated in the southern reaches of the Sydney basin, Nowra is the seat and commercial centre of the City of Shoalhaven.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bomaderry, New South Wales</span> Suburb of Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia

Bomaderry is a suburb in the City of Shoalhaven local government area in New South Wales, Australia. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 8,718 people. It is on the north shore of the Shoalhaven River, across the river from Nowra, the major town of the City of Shoalhaven, of which Bomaderry is locally regarded as being a suburb of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Budawang Range</span>

The Budawang Range, commonly called The Budawangs, a rugged mountain range within the Budawang National Park and the Morton National Park, are part of a spur off the Great Dividing Range and are located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangaroo River (Shoalhaven)</span> River in New South Wales, Australia

The Kangaroo River is a perennial river of the Shoalhaven catchment located in the Southern Highlands and Illawarra regions of New South Wales, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mongarlowe, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Mongarlowe is a village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. In former times, it was also known, in various contexts, as Little River, Monga, and Sergeants Point. The name, Mongarlowe, also applies to the surrounding area, for postal and statistical purposes.

Triple U FM is a community radio station based in Nowra, New South Wales, Australia.

The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tallowa Dam</span> Dam in Shoalhaven

Tallowa Dam, completed in 1976, is a concrete gravity dam with central overflow spillway, located on the Shoalhaven River, downstream from the river's confluence with the Kangaroo River. The dam wall of 325 cubic metres (11,500 cu ft) is 43 metres (141 ft) high and 528 metres (1,732 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 85,500 megalitres and creates the impounded reservoir of Lake Yarrunga that has a surface area of 831 hectares, drawn from a catchment area of 5,750 square kilometres (2,220 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 27,600 cubic metres per second (970,000 cu ft/s).

Jerrinja is the name of an Aboriginal Australian people from the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Their traditional lands cover from Crooked River in the north to Clyde River in the south, from the coast in the east to the mountains in the west. It includes the areas of Shoalhaven which include Jervis Bay, Culburra Beach, Orient Point, Greenwell Point and Shoalhaven Heads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambewarra Range Nature Reserve</span>

The Cambewarra Range Nature Reserve, as part of the Kangaroo Valley Group of Nature Reserves, is a protected area located on the cliffs and plateaus of the Kangaroo Valley in the Southern Highlands and South Coast regions of New South Wales in eastern Australia. The Reserve is situated approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Sydney, 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Wollongong and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of Nowra. The Reserve has a total area of 1684 hectares, and includes 11 privately owned properties. It is critical for it to be pristine for a variety of reasons, not the least the catchment of water, as the Reserve floor flows into the Kangaroo Valley River and the Shoalhaven River, from which the Sydney Water Authority draws water to supply large populations in Sydney and Wollongong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oallen</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Oallen is a locality in the Goulburn Mulwaree Council area, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Shoalhaven River and the Oallen Ford Road about 61 km southeast of Goulburn and 82 km southwest of Nowra. The Oallen Ford Road has recently been upgraded to improve the connection from Canberra and Goulburn to Nerriga, Nowra and Jervis Bay. At the 2016 census, Oallen had a population of 141.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larbert, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Larbert is a locality in the Queanbeyan-Palerang Region of the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales. It lies mostly north of the Kings Highway between Bungendore and Braidwood where it crosses the Shoalhaven River. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 34.

The Walbunja, also spelt Walbanga and Walbunga, are an Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales, part of the Yuin nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durran Durra</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Durran Durra is a locality in the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the road from Braidwood to Nowra about 15 km north of Braidwood and 100 km east of Canberra. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 114. It consists mainly of grazing country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marlowe, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Marlowe is a locality in the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It is bounded by the left bank of the Mongarlowe River and the right bank of the Shoalhaven River. It lies on the road from Braidwood to Nowra about 24 km north of Braidwood and 96 km southwest of Nowra. At the 2021 census, it has a population of eight. It consists mainly of forest and grazing country. Marlowe includes the "rural place" and former village of Charleyong in a loop of the Mongarlowe River at 35°14′57″S149°55′02″E.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coolumburra</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Coolumburra is a locality in the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the Braidwood Road on the Endrick River between Nowra and Nerriga. This road continues southwest to Braidwood, but this involves a section of unsealed road. The sealed Oallen Ford Road branches off south of Nerriga, which connects via various sealed roads to Canberra and Goulburn. Coolumburra is heavily forested and part lies within the Morton National Park. At the 2016 census, it had a population of none.

Currowan is a locality in the Eurobodalla Shire, on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 53.

References

  1. 1 2 Reed, A. W (1984). Place names of Australia (paperback reprint ed.). Sydney: Reed Books Pty Limited. p. 196.
  2. 1 2 "Map of Shoalhaven River, NSW". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  3. Roy, P. S; Williams, R. J; Jones, A. R; Yassini, I; et al. (2001). "Structure and Function of South-east Australian Estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science . 53 (3): 351–384. Bibcode:2001ECSS...53..351R. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0796.
  4. 1 2 "Shoalhaven River Hydrographic Survey" (PDF). Estuary Management Program. NSW Department of Natural Resources. September 2005 – November 2006. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  5. "Alexander Berry (1781–1873)". Berry, Alexander (1781–1873). Retrieved 16 October 2009.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. "NSW's first fish lift to save the endangered Grayling" (Press release). Sydney Catchment Authority. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
  7. Department of Primary Industries, Improving Fish Passage in the Shoalhaven (PDF)
  8. "(Draft) Aboriginal protocols" (PDF). NSW Department of Local Government . Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  9. "Aboriginal Heritage management". Human Settlement: Infrastructure services and resources. City of Shoalhaven. 2006. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  10. "Shoalhaven Indigenous History". Shoalhaven Holidays. City of Shoalhaven . Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  11. "Tindale Tribes - Walbanga". archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  12. "Bass in the Famous Whaleboat Voyage". The Brisbane Courier . 26 July 1924. p. 19.
  13. "Mission". About Bundanon. Bundanon Trust. 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  14. "THE OPENING OF THE WARRI BRIDGE". Sydney Morning Herald . 28 September 1874. p. 3.
  15. |url=http://www.goulburn.nsw.gov.au/site/files/ul/data_text12/4083494.pdf|
  16. |url=http://www.southcoastregister.com.au/story/2864017/one-new-crossing-gets-under-way/?cs=203|
  17. "Plan of the village of Larbert and suburban lands [cartographic material] : Parish of Larbert, County of Murray, Land District of Braidwood, N.S.W., 1888". Trove. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

Further reading