Carwoola

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Carwoola
New South Wales
Burbong station house.jpg
Burbong station house. The railway station was closed in 1975.
Australia New South Wales location map blank.svg
Red pog.svg
Carwoola
Coordinates 35°21′51″S149°19′39″E / 35.3642°S 149.3275°E / -35.3642; 149.3275 Coordinates: 35°21′51″S149°19′39″E / 35.3642°S 149.3275°E / -35.3642; 149.3275
Population1,602 (SAL 2021) [1]
Postcode(s) 2620
Location
  • 239.7 km (149 mi) SW of Sydney [2]
  • 9.1 km (6 mi) E of Queanbeyan [3]
  • 19.5 km (12 mi) SE of Canberra [4]
LGA(s) Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council
County Murray
Parish Carwoola
State electorate(s) Monaro
Federal division(s) Eden-Monaro
Localities around Carwoola:
The Ridgeway Kowen (ACT) Bungendore
Greenleigh Carwoola Hoskinstown
Googong Yarrow Primrose Valley

Carwoola is a locality in the state of New South Wales, Australia. [5] [6] It is immediately to the south of the Kowen district, which is located in the Australian Capital Territory. The Molonglo River passes through the Carwoola area before opening out into the Molonglo Plains. The Kings Highway and Captains Flat Road are the two major through routes. Carwoola is part of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council and the Southern Tablelands geographic area. The area also roughly aligns with the original Carwoola Parish.

Contents

Community

Carwoola has a Community Hall, managed by the local Community Association and a Rural Fire Brigade of the NSW Rural Fire Service (the Carwoola Brigade, formerly Stoney Creek Brigade) as well two public areas in Bowen Street and Molonglo River Drive.

Carwoola Landcare is also an active part of the Molonglo Catchment Group.

History

The first European expeditions to the area were as follows. In late October 1820, Charles Throsby, Joseph Wild and James Vaughan passed through nearby Kowan, led by their guide, Taree. After this, Throsby's nephew, Charles Throsby Smith, with Wild and Vaughan and an unnamed Aboriginal guide arrived at the junction of the Molonglo and Queanbeyan Rivers on 8 December 1820. [7] But the first European expedition to pass directly through Carwoola was that of Charles Throsby, with Wild again and an unknown Aboriginal guide in March 1821. [8]

The first settler and also the first pastoralist to reside on his own large holding in the district was Owen Bowen (1778-1840), a convict who had arrived in the Colony on 2 July 1811, having sailed from Falmouth aboard the ship Providence. [9] Bowen secured a 'ticket of occupation' for one thousand acres at Marlow Plains (an early name for the Limestone Plains) in June 1824 and set up a large dairy herd. He purchased the property after the limits of occupation were extended to include the area in 1829.

Timothy Beard, a convict who had arrived in the Colony in 1805 and received his pardon in 1817, set up as an innkeeper on 100 acres of land near Campbelltown. In 1828 he "squatted" on the Molonglo River near where Canberra Abattoir was situated (now the industrial estate in the suburb of Beard).

A property next to Owen Bowen was owned by William Balcombe, Colonial Treasurer from 1823 until his death in 1829. Balcombe had previously been an official of the East India Company at St Helena, and it was here that he befriended Napoleon Bonaparte during his exile. His friendship with Napoleon was considered so dangerous that he was eventually removed to London, before eventually settling in Sydney. On 5 August 1824, Governor Brisbane offered Balcombe a grant of 2,000 acres at Menanglo or Marlet Plains about eighteen miles southwest of Lake George. William Balcombe Snr called his property "The Briars" (after his estate of the same name on St Helena where Napoleon stayed for the first few weeks of his captivity). William Balcombe junior built a slab home just below where the present stone cottages stand today. He managed the Carwoola property from his residence at Kenmore near Goulburn. [10] It was once claimed that William Snr was responsible for introducing two plants to Australia, the Sweet Briar (Rosa rubiginosa) and the Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica). The willow grew nearby Napoleon’s grave on St Helena and Balcombe was reported to have taken cuttings from these trees. But their claim has been proved false, as the family was expelled from St Helena before Napoleon had even died and were barred, as Francophiles, from returning. [11] The earliest record of willow planting in Australia using St Helena slips, even pre-dates the Balcombe’s arrival in Australia. It is by Captain Thomas Raine at Parramatta in 1822. [12] If the Molonglo willows were grown from cuttings taken from Napoleon’s grave they would have been sourced through another family of St Helena immigrants: the family of Alfred Mainwaring Rich (of Ginninderra and Gundaroo), whose relatives owned the land on which Napoleon was originally buried. [13]

John Hosking (1806-1882) was owner of "Foxlow" station, which was named after his wife Martha Foxlow Terry, and settled on the estate around 1835. Hoskinstown is named after John Hosking, although it has undergone several nomenclature changes since its beginning. Hosking purchased "Foxlowe" previously known as Molonglo from Antill, Henry Colden (1779–1852). He established an estate at Primrose Valley which was to remain in the family until then. Antill was an Aide-de-Camp to Governor Macquarie and its believed he received the land as a grant.

Thomas Rutledge bought an estate on the Molonglo Plain in the mid-1800s and called it "Carwoola" from the aboriginal name of land first occupied by Owen Bowen. The aboriginal word was Carrowillah which means "where the water meets the plain".

Carwoola had a school between 1868 and 1871, 1873 and 1904, 1907 and 1910 and 1919 and 1924, usually operating as a "half-time" school, otherwise as a public or provisional school. [14] There was also a "half-time" school at Flannel Tree in southwestern Carwoola between 1910 and 1913 and between 1919 and 1923. During the latter period the two schools shared a teacher. [15]

Heritage listings

Carwoola has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Bushranging

The bushranger William Westwood, alias Jacky Jacky, was active in the Carwoola area, bailing up a victim at the 11-Mile turnoff in December 1840 after escaping from his convict servitude at the Gidleigh station, six kilometres east of Bungendore. [18]

Burbong station

A station was established on the Bombala railway line at the crossing of the Molonglo in 1887 and originally called Molonglo. In 1890, it was renamed Burbong and a small settlement developed there. [19] The station was closed in 1975. [20]

2017 bushfire

A bush-fire that began on 17 February 2017 destroyed 11 homes in the town and burned out 3,500 hectares (8,600 acres). 45 outbuildings were destroyed and another 40 damaged, [21] with 25 vehicles and 150 km of fencing also destroyed. [22] Very few livestock were lost, despite initial reports of severe losses. [23] [24] 2 firefighters were injured, 1 suffering burns. The other firefighter sustained a crush injury when fire tankers were being moved. [24] The number of houses destroyed was subsequently revised down to 8. [25]

Two men were charged in July 2017 with "..failing to comply with a total fire ban and setting fire to another's property." In court on 2 September, their lawyers said they would plead not guilty. [26]

In early August 2017 a class action for residents affected by the fires was begun by Maddens Lawyers of Victoria. [27]

Related Research Articles

The history of Canberra details the development of the city of Canberra from the time before European settlement to the city's planning by the Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin in collaboration with Marion Mahony Griffin, and its subsequent development to the present day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molonglo River</span> River in Australia

The Molonglo River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro and Capital Country regions of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queanbeyan</span> City in New South Wales, Australia

Queanbeyan is a city in the south-eastern region of New South Wales, Australia, located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region. Located on the Queanbeyan River, the city is the council seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. At the 2021 census, the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra–Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 37,511.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City of Queanbeyan</span> Local government area in New South Wales, Australia

Queanbeyan City was a local government area located in south eastern New South Wales, Australia. The former area is located adjacent to Canberra and the Australian Capital Territory, the Queanbeyan River, the Molonglo River, the Kings Highway and the Sydney-Canberra railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captains Flat</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Captains Flat is a town in the Southern Tablelands of rural New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. It is south of Queanbeyan. Captains Flat township is bounded by the non-urban parts of the locality of Captains Flat in the north, east and west, and Captains Flat Road, the Molonglo River and Foxlow Street in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queanbeyan River</span> River in Australian Capital Territory, Australia

The Queanbeyan River, a perennial stream that is part of the Molonglo catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro and Capital Country regions of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, in Australia. The river is 104 kilometres (65 mi) in length with a catchment area of 96,000 hectares. The Queanbeyan River and the Cotter River meet the potable water supply needs of the Canberra and Queanbeyan region and whose water quality is specifically protected under Federal legislation.

Oaks Estate is a township situated immediately on the northern side of the Australian Capital Territory border abutting the township of Queanbeyan in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. The estate covers an area of approximately 40 hectares and is bound by the Molonglo River to the north, the Queanbeyan River to the east, 'The Oaks' to the west, and the Queanbeyan-Cooma railway to the south. Oaks Estate is located 12 kilometres from the centre of Canberra. The village is also noteworthy as the nucleus of Queanbeyan's industrial development during the second half of the 19th century. Oaks Estate takes its name from 'The Oaks', which was part of Duntroon, Robert Campbell's farming estate. This makes Oaks Estate one of only a few place names in the ACT with significant connections to early colonial times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forde, Australian Capital Territory</span> Suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

Forde is a northern suburb of the Canberra, Australia district of Gungahlin. It is named in honour of Frank Forde, who served as Prime Minister of Australia for a week in 1945 following the untimely death of John Curtin. The suburb abuts the Mulligans Flat Woodland Sanctuary and is adjacent to the suburbs of Amaroo, Throsby and Bonner. The suburb is bound to the south and west respectively by Horse Park Drive and Gundaroo Road. Settlement of the suburb began in 2008 and it had an estimated population of 4,308 at the 2016 census.

Joseph Wild (1759–1837) held a number of titles throughout his life, namely a convict, explorer, shepherd, constable and conveyor. He was convicted of burglary and was eventually sentenced to transportation to Australia. This was a common punishment for English convicts during this time period. It was during his time in Australia that Joseph Wild became known for being an explorer. His significance to Australian history stems from his discoveries within the Australian interior. He is most recognised for his contributions to the "discovery of Canberra," Sutton Forest, Jervis Bay, Bathurst, "Wildes Meadow," the discovery of Lake George and the Mongolo river.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sutton, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Sutton, meaning 'South Settlement' in Saxon, is a small village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Yass Valley Shire. It is situated on the west bank of the Yass River, about 17 kilometres south of Gundaroo, near the Federal Highway, not far from Canberra. It has a primary school, an Anglican church, a general store, an estate agent, an artists gallery, and a baker. Sutton has its own volunteer Bush Fire Brigade located in the village.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gundaroo</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Gundaroo is a small village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia and in Yass Valley Council. It is situated to the east of the Yass River, about 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Sutton, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of the Lake George range. At the 2016 census, Gundaroo "state suburb" had a population of 1,146. At the 2006 census, its "urban centre/locality" had a population of 331.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molonglo Plain</span>

The Molonglo Plain generally refers to the flood plain of the Molonglo River and specifically the one located in the Australian Capital Territory that was inundated during the mid-1960s in order to create Lake Burley Griffin. This plain was one of fours plains - the Ginninderra Plain, the Limestone Plain, and the Tuggeranong Plain are the others - upon which the city of Canberra is situated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Briars, Saint Helena</span>

Briars is the name of the small pavilion in which Napoleon Bonaparte stayed for the first few weeks of his exile on Saint Helena in late 1815 before being moved to Longwood House.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Capital Territory Rural Fire Service</span>

The ACT Rural Fire Service is a branch of the Australian Capital Territory Emergency Services Agency. It is responsible for the prevention, detection and extinguishment of all bushfires within the ACT, as well as assisting the other branches of ESA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerrabomberra (district)</span> Place in Australian Capital Territory

The Jerrabomberra District is a district of Canberra. It is situated to the southeast of South Canberra, south of the Molonglo River, east of Woden Valley and north east of Tuggeranong and west of the New South Wales border. It includes the suburbs of Beard, Hume, Oaks Estate and Symonston and the military communications and logistics facility HMAS Harman. At the 2016 census, it had a total population of 1,240, comprising 559 in Symonston, 430 in Hume and 251 in Oaks Estate and Beard At the 2011 census, 13 also lived in Harman. It is named after Jerrabomberra Creek, which runs through it, Jerrabomberra is derived from the Aboriginal word, meaning "afraid of lightning".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burbong railway station</span> Former railway station in New South Wales, Australia

Burbong is a former railway station which was located on the Bombala railway line, that leaves the main Sydney-Melbourne line at Joppa Junction. It served the Burbong and the surrounding area, which is part of the locality of Carwoola to the east of Queanbeyan in the Monaro Region of New South Wales, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoskinstown</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Hoskinstown is a locality in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. The locality, and what remains of the cluster of settlement of the same name, is 38 km southeast of Canberra the Capital city of Australia, and 299 km southwest of Sydney. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 191.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bywong</span> Suburb of Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia

Bywong is a rural residential area in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council LGA. It is approximately 24 kilometres north-east of the Australian city of Canberra on the Federal Highway. It is also traversed by Macs Reef Road, Shingle Hill Way and Bungendore Road, the last two roads connecting Gundaroo and Bungendore. Its name is derived from an aboriginal word for "big hill". At the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,342. It had a public school from 1895 to 1906. It has a community association called Bywong Community Inc. Its local Pony Club is called Gearys Gap Pony Club, which meets at the Les Reardon Reserve, Bywong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carwoola Homestead</span> Historic site in New South Wales, Australia

Carwoola Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead complex at 1071 Captains Flat Road, Carwoola, Queanbeyan-Palerang Region, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1830 to 1850 by William Rutledge and later his brother Thomas Rutledge. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queanbeyan railway bridges over Queanbeyan and Molonglo Rivers</span> Bridge in New South Wales, Australia

The Queanbeyan railway bridges over Queanbeyan and Molonglo Rivers are two heritage-listed railway bridges that carry the Bombala railway line in the Queanbeyan-Palerang Region local government area of New South Wales, Australia. Both bridges were built between 1926 and 1927. The westernmost bridge crosses the Queanbeyan River from Queanbeyan to Queanbeyan East at 35.3424°S 149.2317°E, while the easternmost bridge crosses the Molonglo River at Burbong at 35.3371°S 149.3191°E. The two railway bridges are owned by RailCorp, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. Together, the two bridges were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

References

  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Carwoola (Suburb and Locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between CARWOOLA and SYDNEY". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  3. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between CARWOOLA and QUEANBEYAN". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  4. ↑ "Great Circle Distance between CARWOOLA and CANBERRA". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  5. ↑ "Carwoola". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales . Retrieved 29 July 2017. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  6. ↑ "Carwoola". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  7. ↑ Johnston, T.A. (1988). The Radcliffe Community Bicentennial Cook Book.
  8. ↑ W. Mayer, ‘In Search of a Considerable River: Retracing the Paths of the Early Explorers to Lake George, the Limestone Plains and the Murrumbidgee’, Canberra Historical Journal, vol. 45, 2000, pp. 15-24; J. McDonald, Aboriginal Expertise in European Expeditions to the Canberra District', Canberra Historical Journal, vol. 86, 2021, pp. 1-5
  9. ↑ D. Meyers (ed. K. Frawley), Lairds, Lags and Larrikins: an Early History of the Limestone Plains, Pearce, 2010, pp. 93-4.
  10. ↑ Wagga Wagga Advertiser, 8 August 1903, p. 2.
  11. ↑ J. McDonald, ‘The Molonglo Willows’, Canberra Historical Journal, vol. 83, 2019, pp. 24-25.
  12. ↑ J. McDonald, ‘The Molonglo Willows’, Canberra Historical Journal, vol. 83, 2019, p. 28, n. 21.
  13. ↑ J. McDonald, ‘Migration as an Opportunity for Reinvention: Alfred and Margaret Rich of Gundaroo’, Australian Journal of Biography and History, vol. 2, 2019, pp. 49-59.
  14. ↑ "Carwoola school in the School history database search". New South Wales Department of Education. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  15. ↑ "Flannel Tree school in the School history database search". New South Wales Department of Education. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "Carwoola Homestead". New South Wales State Heritage Register . Department of Planning and Environment. H00036. Retrieved 18 May 2018. CC-BY icon.svg Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence .
  17. ↑ "Queanbeyan rail bridges over Queanbeyan and Burbong Rivers". New South Wales State Heritage Register . Department of Planning and Environment. H01052. Retrieved 2 June 2018. CC-BY icon.svg Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence .
  18. ↑ Jauncey, Jim (April 1991). Stoney Creek Gazette. 2 (4).{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ "Burbong". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales . Retrieved 3 August 2017. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  20. ↑ "Burbong". NSWRail.net. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  21. ↑ Le Lievre, Kimberley; Groch, Sherryn; Brown, Andrew (18 February 2017). "Police investigate blaze near Queanbeyan as fire crews battle on". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  22. ↑ Ted O'Kane (7 April 2017). "Up close and personal - Lessons from the Carwoola fire". The Land. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  23. ↑ Kimberley Le Lievre (10 February 2018). "Carwoola fires one year on as "an apocalyptic situation" remembered". Canberra Times. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  24. 1 2 "Men to face court over destructive Carwoola fire". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  25. ↑ "Men to face court over destructive Carwoola fire". ABC News. 6 July 2017.
  26. ↑ Byrne, Elizabeth (4 September 2017). "Men accused of sparking devastating bushfire to fight charges". ABC News. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  27. ↑ Williams, Elliot (28 July 2017). "Carwoola fires class action set to begin". The Queanbeyan Age . Fairfax Regional Media . Retrieved 21 October 2017.

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