Haplogroup Q-M346

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Haplogroup Q-M346
Possible time of origin24,100-27,900 BP
Possible place of originEurasia
Ancestor Q-MEH2 [1]
Descendants Q-L54, Q-M323 [1]
Defining mutationsL56, L57, M346 [1]

Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Contents

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006. [2] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India, [3] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia, [4] Europe[ citation needed ] and the Americas. [5]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia. [6] [7] [8] [9]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Altaians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 23/89~25.8%M346
Khakassians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 4/64~6.3%M346
Todjins (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 10/26~38.5%M346
Tuvinians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 41/108~38.0%M346
Soyot/Sojots (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 2/28~7.1%M346
Kalmyks Malyarchuk 2011 [6] 1/60~1.7%M346
Halba Sengupta 2006 [2] 1/21~4.76%M346
Makrani Sengupta 2006 [2] 1/20~5.00%M346
Pathan Sengupta 2006 [2] 2/21~5.00%M346
Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh, India)Sengupta 2006 [2] 1/14~7.14%M346
Vellalar (South India)Sengupta 2006 [2] 1/31~3.23%M346
Pakistan Abu-Amero 2009 [7] 3/176~1.70%M346
Kazakhs (Southwest Altai)Dulik 2011 [8] 1/30~3.33%M346
Chelkan (Russia - Siberia)Dulik 2012 [9] 15/25~60.00%M346
Tubalar Russia - Siberia]Dulik 2012 [9] 10/27~37.00%M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage. [5] [10]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Enxet Bailliet 2009 [5] 7/24~29.20%M346
Ayoreo Bailliet 2009 [5] 2/9~22.20%M346
Wichi Bailliet 2009 [5] 1/120~0.80%M346
Mocovi Bailliet 2009 [5] 2/40~5.00%M346
Mapuche Bailliet 2009 [5] 1/26~3.80%M346
Salta Bailliet 2009 [5] 3/72~4.80%M346
Cordoba Bailliet 2009 [5] 1/156~0.60%M346
Huilliche Bailliet 2009 [5] 1/26~3.80%M346
La Paz Bailliet 2009 [5] 1/29~3.40%M346
Tarija Bailliet 2009 [5] 4/72~5.50%M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346. [1]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree, Proposed Tree, for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages. [1]

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Krahn, Thomas. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". ytree.ftdna.com. Family Tree DNA. Archived from the original on 2015-08-15.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC   1380230 . PMID   16400607.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 232. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..232S. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-232 . PMC   2258157 . PMID   18021436.
  4. ↑ Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 . PMC   2759955 . PMID   19772609.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (3): 578–82. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133. PMID   19591214.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2011.64 . PMID   21677663.
  7. 1 2 K. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 . PMC   2759955 . PMID   19772609.
  8. 1 2 Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred (ed.). "Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions". PLOS ONE. 6 (3): e17548. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617548D. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017548 . PMC   3055870 . PMID   21412412.
  9. 1 2 3 Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 90 (2): 229–46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014. PMC   3276666 . PMID   22281367.
  10. ↑ Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans". American Journal of Human Biology. 23 (4): 563–6. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173. PMID   21544893. S2CID   8730722.
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