See also
Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
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Footnotes
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| Haplogroup Q-M120 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 15 400 ybp |
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| Ancestor | Q1a1a (F746/NWT01) |
| Defining mutations | M120 and M265 (AKA N14) |
Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in eastern Eurasia.
But the haplogroup might have been historically widespread in the Eurasian steppe and north Asia since it is found among Cimmerians in Moldova and Bronze Age natives of Khövsgöl. [1]
One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120. [2] [3] Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing; if it is not a result of post-colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas. The branch of Q-M120 including this sample has a calculated TMRCA of 5,000 to 7,000 years, [2] meaning that it may be the result of a later pre-Columbian immigration from North or East Asia.
Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia. [4] [5] [6] It has been found at low frequency in samples of Han Chinese, [5] [6] Dungans, [7] Hmong Daw in Laos, [8] Japanese, [9] Dörwöd Kalmyks, [10] Koreans, [7] Mongols, [11] [12] Tibetans, [6] [13] [14] Uygurs, [15] and Vietnamese. [2] [3] It also has been found among Bhutanese, [16] Murut people in Brunei, [17] and Azerbaijanis. [2] Sengupta et al. (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani Hazaras, [18] but the Bayesian tree in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold et al. (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP Han sample should belong to Q-M120 instead. [19] Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73. [12]
| Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dungan (Kyrgyzstan) | Wells 2001 [7] | 3/40 | ~7.5% | M120 | |
| Han (Henan) | Su 2000 [6] | 2/28 | ~7.1% | M120 | |
| Han (Anhui) | Su 2000 [6] | 1/22 | ~4.6% | M120 | |
| Northern Han | Su 2000 [6] | 1/22 | ~4.5% | M120 | |
| Kinh (Ho Chi Minh City) | Poznik 2016 [3] | 2/46 | ~4.3% | M120 | |
| Han (Shanghai) | Su 2000 [6] | 1/30 | ~3.3% | M120 | |
| Han (Shandong) | Su 2000 [6] | 1/32 | ~3.1% | M120 | |
| Korea | Wells 2001 [7] | 1/45 | ~2.2% | M120 | |
| Tibetan (Lhasa) | Su 2000 [6] | 1/46 | ~2.2% | M120 | |
| Tibet | Gayden 2007 [13] | 2/156 | ~1.3% | M120 | |
| Han (Shanxi) | Zhong 2010 [15] | 1/56 | ~1.8% | M120 | |
| Uygur (Xinjiang) | Zhong 2010 [15] | 1/71 | ~1.4% | M120 | |
| Uygur (Xinjiang) | Zhong 2010 [15] | 1/50 | ~2.0% | M120 | |
| Han (Jiangsu) | Su 2000 [6] | 1/55 | ~1.8% | M120 | |
| Mongolia | Di Cristofaro 2013 [12] | 2/160 | ~1.25% | M120 | |
| Japan | Nonaka 2007 [9] | 1/263 | ~0.38% | M120 |
According to a 2019 study, Q-M120 can be found in high concentrations in the northern and eastern regions of China. To a lesser extent, it can be found in North Korea, South Korea and northern Philippines. [20]
To date, Q-M120 has not been detected in European populations.
Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.
This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.
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Footnotes
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Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and later Japan.
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary branch of haplogroup LT, haplogroup L currently has the alternative phylogenetic name of K1a, and is a sibling of haplogroup T.
Haplogroup P also known as P-F5850 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. P-F5850 is a branch of K2b, which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has one primary subclade, Haplogroup Q1 (L232/S432), which includes numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations.
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome. Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread area with a low frequency of less than 2%.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), previously known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup Q-L275 or Haplogroup Q2 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup believed to have originated in Eurasia. Haplogroup Q-L275 is defined by the presence of the L275 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Haplogroup Q-L275 can be identified through genealogical DNA testing.
Haplogroup Q-NWT01 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q-MEH2. Haplogroup Q-NWT01 is defined by the presence of the NWT01 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
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Haplogroup Q-M323 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q-M346. Haplogroup Q-M323 is defined by the presence of the M323 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
Haplogroup K2b (P331), also known as MPS is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Tatiana Karafet et al. 2014.
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