Haplogroup Q-M120

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Haplogroup Q-M120
Possible time of origin15 400 ybp
Possible place of origin Asia or South Siberia [1]
Ancestor Q1a1a (F746/NWT01)
Defining mutationsM120 and M265 (AKA N14)

Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in eastern Eurasia.

Contents

But the haplogroup might have been historically widespread in the Eurasian steppe and north Asia since it is found among Cimmerians in Moldova and Bronze Age natives of Khövsgöl. [1]

Distribution

The Americas

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120. [2] [3] Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing; if it is not a result of post-colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas. The branch of Q-M120 including this sample has a calculated TMRCA of 5,000 to 7,000 years, [2] meaning that it may be the result of a later pre-Columbian immigration from North or East Asia.

Grugni et al. (2019) found the presence of the Q-pre-M120 lineage, a precursor to Q-M120, among the Tsimshian people in Alaska. [4]

Asia

Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia. [4] [5] [6] It has been found at low frequency in samples of Han Chinese, [5] [6] Dungans, [7] Hmong Daw in Laos, [8] Japanese, [9] Dörwöd Kalmyks, [10] Koreans, [7] Mongols, [11] [12] Tibetans, [6] [13] [14] Uygurs, [15] and Vietnamese. [2] [3] It also has been found among Bhutanese, [16] Murut people in Brunei, [17] Tuvans, [18] Nivkhs, [19] Koryaks, [19] Yukaghirs, [19] and Azerbaijanis. [2] Sengupta et al. (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani Hazaras, [20] but the Bayesian tree in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold et al. (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP Han sample should belong to Q-M120 instead. [21] Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73. [12]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Nivkh (Sakhalin)Kharkov 2024 [19] 3/37~8.1%M120
Dungan (Kyrgyzstan)Wells 2001 [7] 3/40~7.5%M120
Han (Henan)Su 2000 [6] 2/28~7.1%M120
Koryak Kharkov 2024 [19] 1/20~5.0%M120
Han (Anhui)Su 2000 [6] 1/22~4.6%M120
Northern Han Su 2000 [6] 1/22~4.5%M120
Kinh
(Ho Chi Minh City)		Poznik 2016 [3] 2/46~4.3%M120
Tuvan (Kungurtug)Luis 2023 [18] 1/24~4.17%M120
Evenk (Yakutia)Kharkov 2024 [19] 1/28~3.5%M120
Han (Shanghai)Su 2000 [6] 1/30~3.3%M120
Han (Shandong)Su 2000 [6] 1/32~3.1%M120
Korea Wells 2001 [7] 1/45~2.2%M120
Tibetan (Lhasa)Su 2000 [6] 1/46~2.2%M120
Tibet Gayden 2007 [13] 2/156~1.3%M120
Han (Shanxi)Zhong 2010 [15] 1/56~1.8%M120
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010 [15] 1/71~1.4%M120
Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 2010 [15] 1/50~2.0%M120
Hmong Daw (Laos)Cai 2011 [8] 1/51~1.96%M120
Han (Jiangsu)Su 2000 [6] 1/55~1.8%M120
Mongolia Di Cristofaro 2013 [12] 2/160~1.25%M120
Dörwöd Kalmyk Malyarchuk 2013 [10] 4/426~0.9%M120
Japan Nonaka 2007 [9] 1/263~0.38%M120

According to a 2019 study, Q-M120 can be found in high concentrations in the northern and eastern regions of China. To a lesser extent, it can be found in North Korea, South Korea and northern Philippines. [22]

South Asia

Sharma et al. (2007) found Q-M120 in 1.6% (1/61) of a sample of Gujars from Jammu and Kashmir in India. [23]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
J&K Kashmir Gujars (Jammu and Kashmir, India)Sharma 2007 [23] 1/61~1.6%M120

West Asia

Q-M120 has been found in 4.2% (1/24) of Baloch people in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. [24]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Baloch (Sistan and Baluchestan)Grugni 2012 [24] 1/24~4.2%M120

Europe

Caucasus

Q-M120 was found in western Georgia among Imeretians. [25]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Georgian (Imereti)Alborova 2016 [25] 1/26~3.8%M120

Associated SNPs

Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

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References

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  11. ↑ Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, et al. (2013), "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q." PLoS ONE 8(8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390
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  17. ↑ Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, et al. (2015), "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome Research 25:1–8. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org.
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  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kharkov, V. N.; Kolesnikov, N. A.; Valikhova, L. V.; Zarubin, A. A.; Sukhomyasova, A. L.; Khitrinskaya, I. Yu.; Stepanov, V. A. (2024-10-09). "Traces of Paleolithic expansion in the Nivkh gene pool based on data on autosomal SNP and Y chromosome polymorphism". Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 28 (6): 659–666. doi:10.18699/vjgb-24-73. ISSN   2500-3259. PMC   11496309 . PMID   39445096.
  20. ↑ Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC   1380230 . PMID   16400607.
  21. ↑ Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences." Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:13. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/13
  22. ↑ Sun, Na; Ma, Peng-Cheng; Yan, Shi; et al. (2019). "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage connecting populations in Siberia and East Asia". Annals of Human Biology. 46 (3): 261–266. doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1632930. PMID   31208219 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
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