Hardwood Island

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Hardwood Island
Hardwood Island, West Isles, NB (1).jpg
Hardwood Island
Interactive map of Hardwood Island
Geography
Location Bay of Fundy
Coordinates 45°00′56″N66°55′41″W / 45.01556°N 66.92806°W / 45.01556; -66.92806
Area45 to 50 acres (18 to 20 ha) [1] [2]
Highest elevation9 m (30 ft) [3]
Administration
Canada
Province New Brunswick
County Charlotte
Parish West Isles Parish

Hardwood Island (also titled Howard Island, [4] possibly phonetic error) is an undeveloped island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay. It is a bedrock-cored forested knoll, [5] with a large beach that is moderately used for camping due to its nearness to the mainland. [1]

The recovery of arrowheads suggest it may have been inhabited or visited by Passamaquoddy natives. [5]

A 1796 deed shows Thomas Pendleton purchased "Hardwood Island" from Thomas Doyle for £150, which is presumed to reference Pendleton's Island rather than this currently-named Hardwood Island. [6]

As Warren Hatheway was unsuccessful in his bid to be granted Bar Island off the northern shore of Deer Island against the wishes of Thomas Farrell, between 1810-1817 he was awarded a grant of six small nearby islets including Hardwood, Simpson Island and Fish Island. [7] [8] [9]

It was recommended for ecological preservation in 1975 due to a dense avian population including nesting Great Blue Herons, ospreys, eider ducks and herring gulls. [10]

Today it is privately owned with a residence and barn. [11]

Geography and composition

Jameson, Crow, Hardwood, Parker and Partridge Island are all share a land shelf north of Deer Island, where the waters are generally less than 10m below mean sea level in depth. [12]

It has copper pyrites in chloride slate, and a deposit of "brass-like sulphuret". [13] [14] In 1869 it was subject to exploratory work for mining but it never materialized. [2]

There is a geodetic triangulation station on the highest point. [15]

In December 1985, a study by Parks Canada assessed the island's value as $42,700. [2]

In 1978, Mackay noted a high species abundance and diversity here, and five other nearby islands. [16]

In the summer of 1986, benthic algae sublittoral research stations were set up across the region including on . [17] It was one of four islands studied in 1997 for the impact of sea kayaking on the Bay of Fundy environment. [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Oxley, Anne C.Irving; Brown, Robert D. (January 2003). "Sustainability of wilderness sea kayaking in the Bay of Fundy, Canada". Ocean & Coastal Management. 46 (1–2): 189–197. Bibcode:2003OCM....46..189O. doi:10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00127-8.
  2. 1 2 3 Parks Canada, "West Isles Feasibility Study....a National Marine Park in the West Isles", December 1985
  3. ↑ Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada. "Information archivée dans le Web" (PDF). publications.gc.ca.
  4. ↑ Reynolds, Walter F. (1918). "Triangulation in Maine".
  5. 1 2 “…gathering pebbles on a boundless shore…” — The Rum Beach Site and Intertidal Archaeology in the Canadian Quoddy Region 1, David W. Black
  6. ↑ Pendleton, Everett Hall (April 10, 1956). "Early New England Pendletons; with some account of the three groups who took the name Pembleton, and notices of other Pendletons of later origin in the United States". [South Orange? N.J.] – via Internet Archive.
  7. ↑ "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick".
  8. ↑ "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick".
  9. ↑ Craven, Paul. "Petty Justice", pg 77 and elsewhere
  10. ↑ Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada. "Information archivée dans le Web" (PDF). publications.gc.ca.
  11. ↑ Irving, Anne C. "The Influence of Human Impact on Perceptions of Wilderness Among Sea Kayakers, University of Guelph, 1998".
  12. ↑ What Images Return: A Study of the Stratigraphy and Seasonality of a Small Shell Midden in the West Isles of New Brunswick, November 1983
  13. ↑ Bailey, L. W. (Loring Woart), 1839-1925., Report on the mines and minerals of New Brunswick, G.E. Fenety, 1864
  14. ↑ "Journal of the House of Assembly of the provinc... - Canadiana". Journal of the House of Assembly of New Brunswick from February to April, 1864: 66ff.
  15. ↑ "Triangulation in Maine", U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918
  16. ↑ M-I Buzeta; R Singh; S Young-Lai (2003). "Identification of Significant Marine and Coastal Areas in the Bay of Fundy" (PDF). Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  17. ↑ A Survey of the Benthic Marine Algae of Southwestern New Brunswick, Canada, 1988
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