Location | Harwich, Essex, United Kingdom |
---|---|
Harwich High Lighthouse | |
Constructed | 1818 |
Construction | brick (tower) |
Height | 21 m (69 ft) |
Operator | Trinity House (–1863), The Harwich Society |
Heritage | Grade II* listed building, scheduled monument |
Deactivated | 1863 |
Harwich Low Lighthouse | |
Constructed | 1818 |
Construction | brick (tower) |
Height | 9 m (30 ft) |
Operator | Trinity House (–1863) |
Heritage | scheduled monument,Grade II listed building |
Deactivated | 1863 |
Harwich High and Low Lighthouses are a pair of early 19th-century towers in Harwich,Essex,which were built as leading lights to help guide vessels into the harbour. They replaced an earlier pair of lights established in the seventeenth century when Harwich was a key operational base for the Royal Navy. [1]
On 24 December 1664,Sir William Batten,Surveyor of H.M. Navy,was granted a patent allowing him to set up lighthouses in Harwich. The lights were promptly built and were first lit the following year:the High Light,lit by a coal-fired hearth,was installed on top of the old Town Gate;whilst the Low Light,which stood some 200 yards (180 m) away on the foreshore,was a simple wooden tower (its light provided by a single candle in a hoistable lantern). [2] The Elder Brethren of Trinity House (one of whom was Batten himself) had supported the proposal as 'useful and necessary (for the Navigation trading that way)';however,when the patent was published it emerged that not only ships bound for Harwich and the haven ports,but also passing short-sea shipping traffic would be liable to pay tolls to Sir William for the upkeep of the lights. The payment (fixed by the patent) was to be 12 pence on every 20 chaldrons of coal,and one halfpenny per ton of other goods (for English ships,whereas for foreign ships the amount was doubled). [2] Samuel Pepys (Batten's neighbour and contemporary) referred to this as 'the gift of a fortune'; [3] it soon came to be resented by both Trinity House and the townspeople of Harwich.
In 1707 Sir Isaac Rebow (who had married Batten's granddaughter) sought and was granted a new lease for the lights. Twenty years later his grandson Isaac Leming Rebow rebuilt the Low Light;it was initially lit by six candles,but these were replaced by an oil lamp in 1764. (The rebuilt light features in a painting by John Constable.) As the end of the period of the lease drew near,a further extension of thirty-one years was granted to General Francis Slater Rebow,to begin on 5 January 1817;but only on condition that he build a new pair of towers and install up-to-date equipment. [2]
In 1818,therefore,the old towers were replaced by the two brick-built structures which still stand today. They were built more-or-less on the site of their predecessors. The project was overseen by John Rennie,Senior;Rennie himself designed the Low Lighthouse,while the taller High Lighthouse was designed by Daniel Asher Alexander in a complementary style. [4] [5] They were lit using oil lamps and reflectors (nine in the high lighthouse,three in the low). [6] Initially the high light was shown from a window halfway up the tower (at the same elevation as the old lighthouse),so that the upper part merely functioned as a daymark;but this proved unsatisfactory and from 1822 onwards the light shone from the top of the tower. [2]
In 1836 Rebow's lease on the lights was purchased by Trinity House;however,the Corporation found that shingle deposits off Landguard Point were increasingly obstructing the line of approach indicated by the transit of the towers (they were by now commonly known as the 'misleading lights of Harwich'). [2] A subsidiary red dioptric light was installed in the high tower in 1848 to shine from a lower window indicating the new alignment of the channel (at the same time a comparable green light was shone from a window in Landguard Fort); [6] but the sands continued to shift and in 1863 the Harwich lights were declared redundant. They were replaced by the pair of cast iron lights at nearby Dovercourt. [7]
In the late 19th century a canopy was built around the base of the Low Lighthouse to provide shelter for walkers on the seafront. [5] The two lighthouses were sold to the Borough Council in 1909 and the High Lighthouse was converted into a private dwelling;Tendring District Council carried out substantial renovations in 1975 to mark the European Year of Architectural Heritage. [7] A clause in the deed of sale of the Low Lighthouse had stipulated that it should be returned to Trinity House if required for navigational purposes. This in fact took place in 1969 when it was converted to serve as a VHF station and lookout for Trinity House pilots (part of a new scheme for shipping and landing pilots from shore stations using fast launches). [8] The upper balcony and angled windows were added at this time. [5] It retained this role until a new purpose-built pilot station was opened at Angelgate in 1974. [7]
The two Harwich lighthouses can still be seen today,though they no longer function as lighthouses;both house small museums. The Low Lighthouse,a Grade II listed building,is home to the town's Maritime Museum,based there since 1980. [5] The High Lighthouse (which is Grade II* listed) [9] was leased to the National Vintage Wireless and Television Museum Trust in 1991 (having stood empty for a time prior to that date) to house their collection,which opened to the public in 1995. [10] In 2014 the Harwich Society took over custodianship of the lighthouse,which now houses a museum of local interest. [11]
The two Dovercourt lights,which were themselves decommissioned in 1917,also remain in situ.
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, and one of the Haven ports on the North Sea coast. It is in the Tendring district. Nearby places include Felixstowe to the north-east, Ipswich to the north-west, Colchester to the south-west and Clacton-on-Sea to the south. It is the northernmost coastal town in Essex.
Longships Lighthouse is an active 19th-century lighthouse about 1.25 mi (2.0 km) off the coast of Land's End in Cornwall, England. It is the second lighthouse to be built on Carn Bras, the highest of the Longships islets which rises 39 feet (12 m) above high water level. In 1988 the lighthouse was automated, and the keepers withdrawn. It is now remotely monitored from the Trinity House Operations & Planning Centre in Harwich, Essex.
The Eddystone Lighthouse is a lighthouse on the Eddystone Rocks, 9 statute miles (14 km) south of Rame Head in Cornwall, England. The rocks are submerged below the surface of the sea and are composed of Precambrian gneiss.
Dovercourt is a seaside town and former civil parish, now in the parish of Harwich, in the Tendring district, in the county of Essex, England. It is older than its smaller but better-known neighbour, the port of Harwich. The name is common Brittonic with "Dover" coming from "dwfr", which is "water" in modern Welsh; the origin of "court" is unknown but possibly meant "land cut off by". The first mention of the town, as Douorcortae, is in CE1000. Dovercourt appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. Today Harwich and Dovercourt are contiguous towns. In 1921 the parish had a population of 7,695.
Tater Du Lighthouse is Cornwall's most recently built lighthouse. The construction of the lighthouse came out of the tragedy of losing a small Spanish coaster called the Juan Ferrer on 23 October 1963, on the nearby Boscawen Point, the vessel capsized with the loss of 11 lives. After the tragedy the Newlyn and Mousehole Fishermen's Association put pressure on Trinity House for a lighthouse to be built, stating that similar tragedies could happen again. The lighthouse, built with concrete blocks, was first lit in July 1965.
Longstone Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse on Longstone Rock in the outer group of the Farne Islands off the Northumberland Coast, England. Completed in 1826, it was originally called the Outer Farne Lighthouse, and complemented the earlier Inner Farne Lighthouse. The lighthouse is best known for the 1838 wreck of the Forfarshire and the role of Grace Darling, the lighthouse keeper's daughter, in rescuing survivors.
Start Point lighthouse was built in 1836 to protect shipping off Start Point, Devon, England. Open to the public in summer months, it is owned and operated by Trinity House. It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II listed building.
Cromer Lighthouse is situated in the coastal town of Cromer, in the English county of Norfolk.
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Winterton Lighthouse is located in Winterton-on-Sea in the English county of Norfolk. In 1845 Winterton Ness was described as being 'well known to the mariner as the most fatal headland between Scotland and London'. As well as marking the headland, the lighthouse was intended to help guide vessels into the Cockle Gat, which provided the northern entry into the safe water of Yarmouth Roads. The lighthouse was known to Daniel Defoe and is mentioned in his novel Robinson Crusoe.
Hurst Point Lighthouse is located at Hurst Point in the English county of Hampshire, and guides vessels through the western approaches to the Solent.
The Round Tower was a lighthouse in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England, established in 1801. It was decommissioned in 1832, having been replaced by a pair of leading lights half a mile to the north, and is now a private dwelling.
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The Old Higher Lighthouse is a disused 19th century lighthouse on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, southern England. It is located at Branscombe Hill on the west side of Portland, overlooking Portland Bill. The lighthouse is Grade II Listed.
The Anvil Point Lighthouse is a fully-automated lighthouse located at Durlston Country Park near Swanage in Dorset, England. It is owned by Trinity House and currently operated as two holiday cottages.
Lowestoft Lighthouse is a lighthouse operated by Trinity House located to the north of the centre of Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk. It stands on the North Sea coast close to Ness Point, the most easterly point in the United Kingdom. It acts as a warning light for shipping passing along the east coast and is the most easterly lighthouse in the UK.
Dungeness Lighthouse on the Dungeness Headland started operation on 20 November 1961. Its construction was prompted by the building of Dungeness nuclear power station, which obscured the light of its predecessor which, though decommissioned, remains standing. The new lighthouse is constructed of precast concrete rings; its pattern of black and white bands is impregnated into the concrete. It remains in use today, monitored and controlled from the Trinity House Operations and Planning Centre at Harwich, Essex.
Orfordness Lighthouse was a lighthouse on Orford Ness, in Suffolk, England. The 30 metres (98 ft) tower was completed in 1792. Work began on demolition in July 2020, and was completed in August. The light had a range of 25 nautical miles. It was equipped with an AIS transmitter with MMSI 992351016.
The High and Low Lights of North Shields are decommissioned leading lights in North Shields, Tyne and Wear in the United Kingdom. Two pairs of lights survive: the older pair date from 1727 and were operational until 1810; the newer pair then took over, remaining in use until 1999. All four are listed buildings. They were sometimes known as the Fish Quay High and Low Lights, or as 'Fish Quay ' and 'Dockwray Square '.
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