Location | Farne Islands Northumberland England |
---|---|
OS grid | NU2177735811 |
Coordinates | 55°36′55.3″N1°39′20.6″W / 55.615361°N 1.655722°W |
Tower | |
Constructed | 1776 (first) |
Construction | brick tower |
Automated | 1910 |
Height | 13 m (43 ft) |
Shape | cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern |
Markings | white tower and lantern |
Operator | National Trust (Farne Islands National Nature Reserve) [1] [2] |
Heritage | Grade II listed building |
Light | |
First lit | 1811 (current) |
Focal height | 27 m (89 ft) |
Lens | 3rd order catadioptric fixed lens |
Light source | LED |
Intensity | 1,650 candela |
Range | 8 nmi (15 km; 9.2 mi) |
Characteristic | Fl (2) WR15s. |
Farne Lighthouse is a lighthouse on the southern tip of Inner Farne (one of a group of islands off the coast of North Northumberland). Built in the early 19th century, it still functions as a lighthouse and is managed by Trinity House (England's general lighthouse authority). In 1910 it was one of the first Trinity House lighthouses to be automated. [3]
Farne Lighthouse was one of a pair built on Inner Farne by the Corporation of Trinity House in 1811, both of which were designed by Daniel Alexander to replace an earlier coal-burning light which had been established on the island by Captain John Blackett in 1778. [4]
Farne Lighthouse (originally named Farne High Lighthouse) is a cylindrical white tower, 13 m (43 ft) tall with a lighthouse keeper's cottage attached to its base. It was initially provided with a revolving array of seven Argand lamps and reflectors, which displayed a single white flash every 30 seconds. In 1910 it was converted to run automatically on acetylene; [5] the gas was manufactured in an adjacent producer plant and controlled by a sun valve. A new fixed third order Fresnel lens was installed in the lantern [6] and a red sector was added to the main light to indicate lines of approach that were hazardous for shipping. [7] (That same year saw the nearby Bamburgh Lighthouse established, with a sector light that worked in conjunction with the Inner Farne light. [7] ) This arrangement largely remains in place, except that in 1996 the light was converted from acetylene to solar powered electric operation. [4]
The other lighthouse on the island (Farne Low Lighthouse) was an octagonal tower, 8 m (26 ft) tall, placed 150 m (490 ft) away from the first, close to the north-west tip of the island. It served to warn shipping of the Megstone, an isolated rocky island lying (in line with the two lights) just under a mile away to the north-west. [8] Whereas the High Light revolved, the Low Light showed a fixed beam from a single Argand lamp and reflector; [9] it was monitored by the keeper at the High Lighthouse, the light being made visible through a small aperture in the rear of the Low Lighthouse. [10]
After the High Light had been modified and automated in 1910, use of the Low Light was discontinued; before long it was demolished along with most of the keepers' accommodation (which was now no longer needed). [9]
In 1811, at the same time as it was building the two lighthouses on Inner Farne, Trinity House also built a new lighthouse on one of the outer Farne Islands: Brownsman Island. This light was also designed by Daniel Alexander and was similar to the other two in appearance and layout but taller; [11] it too was equipped with a revolving set of lamps and reflectors. [12] It likewise replaced an earlier light built by Captain Blackett in 1778 (on nearby Staple Island, but subsequently relocated to Brownsman). [9] The 1811 installation on Brownsman Island was itself later moved to a more effective position on Longstone Island, further out to sea; named Longstone Lighthouse, it too remains active as an aid to navigation for Trinity House.
The tower is 13 m (43 ft) tall with a range for the light of 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi). [13] Farne Island Lighthouse was sold on 6 June 2005 to the National Trust for £132,000; nevertheless it remains an operational lighthouse, with relevant areas of the building having been leased back to Trinity House for a peppercorn rent. [14] In 2022 permission was given for the lamp to be replaced with an LED arrangement, [15] which will continue to function within the original lens. [6]
A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of physical structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a beacon for navigational aid, for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.
Grace Horsley Darling was an English lighthouse keeper's daughter. Her participation in the rescue of survivors from the shipwrecked Forfarshire in 1838 brought her national fame. The paddlesteamer ran aground on the Farne Islands off the coast of Northumberland in northeast England; nine members of the crew were saved.
Longships Lighthouse is an active 19th-century lighthouse about 1.25 mi (2.0 km) off the coast of Land's End in Cornwall, England. It is the second lighthouse to be built on Carn Bras, the highest of the Longships islets which rises 39 feet (12 m) above high water level. In 1988 the lighthouse was automated, and the keepers withdrawn. It is now remotely monitored from the Trinity House Operations & Planning Centre in Harwich, Essex.
The Farne Islands are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. The group has between 15 and 20 islands depending on the level of the tide. They form an archipelago, divided into the Inner Group and the Outer Group. The main islands in the Inner Group are Inner Farne, Knoxes Reef, the East and West Wideopens, and the Megstone; the main islands in the Outer Group are Staple Island, Brownsman, North and South Wamses, Big Harcar, and Longstone. The two groups are separated by Staple Sound. The highest point, on Inner Farne, is 62 feet (19 m) above mean sea level.
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