Heterosteidae

Last updated

Heterosteidae
Temporal range: Devonian: Emsian to Givetian, 407.6–382.7  Ma
Heterosteidae.jpg
Comparison of genera
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Placodermi
Order: Arthrodira
Suborder: Brachythoraci
Clade: Eubrachythoraci
Clade: Pachyosteomorphi
Superfamily: Dunkleosteoidea
Family: Heterosteidae
Jaekel, 1903
Genera

Heterosteidae (also known as Heterostiidae [1] [2] ) is an extinct family of moderately large to giant, flattened, benthic arthrodire placoderms with distinctive, flattened, triangular skulls that are extremely broad posteriorly, but become very narrow anteriorly. [3]

Heterosteidae belongs to the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea, a relative of the giant Dunkleosteus , as shown in the cladogram below: [1]

Dunkleosteoidea

Eastmanosteus calliaspis

Eastmanosteus pustulosus

Kiangyousteus yohii

Golshanichthys asiatica

Westralichthys uwagedensis

Dunkleosteus raveri

Dunkleosteus terrelli

Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus

Heterostiidae

Heterosteus ingens

Yinosteus major

Genera

Herasmius Orvig, 1969

Heterosteus Asmuss, 1856

Yinostius J. Wang & N. Wang, 1984

Related Research Articles

<i>Dinichthys</i> Extinct genus of placoderm fish

Dinichthys is an extinct monospecific genus of giant, marine arthrodire placoderm from the Late Devonian, comparable in size, shape, and ecological role to the better-known Dunkleosteus. Fossils were recovered from the Ohio Shale Formation along the Olentangy River in Delaware County, Ohio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brachythoraci</span> Extinct suborder of fishes

Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian.

<i>Rolfosteus</i>

Rolfosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Western Australia.

<i>Bruntonichthys</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Bruntonichthys is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found in the Gogo Formation of the Kimberley region of Australia. The skull is about 139 millimetres long, and had proportionally large eye sockets. Researchers suggest it may have preyed on small mollusks.

<i>Fallacosteus</i> Species of extinct placoderm

Fallacosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia. As with almost all other camuropiscids, F. turneri had an elongated snout that may have enhanced its hydrodynamic streamlining.

<i>Camuropiscis</i>

Camuropiscis is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia. The species of Camuropiscis had a flattened, elongated snout that may have aided in enhancing its hydrodynamic streamlining.

<i>Latocamurus</i>

Latocamurus is an extinct monospecific genus of flat-nosed arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia.

<i>Xiangshuiosteus</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Xiangshuiosteus wui is an extinct monospecific genus of brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Emsian stage of the Early Devonian epoch, discovered in Wuding County of Yunnan province, China. It has recently been reassessed as a dunkleosteid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunkleosteoidea</span> Extinct superfamily of fishes

Dunkleosteoidea is an extinct superfamily of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator Dunkleosteus terrelli is the best known member of this group.

<i>Heterosteus</i>

Heterosteus is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. According to Denison, 1978, Heterosteus might have been planktivorous, along with Homosteus, and Titanichthys.

<i>Herasmius</i>

Herasmius is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm from the Devonian period. Fossils have been discovered freshwater deposits in Norway and Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pachyosteomorphi</span> Extinct suborder of fishes

Pachyosteomorphi is an extinct clade of arthrodire placoderms within the Eubrachythoraci, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Most are considered to be pelagic long-distance swimmers, leading to their widespread distribution beginning from at least the Middle Devonian period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panxiosteidae</span> Extinct family of fishes

Panxiosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period.

Panxiosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of placoderm arthrodire from the Middle Devonian: Givetian stage of Yunnan province, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coccosteomorphi</span> Extinct suborder of fishes

Coccosteomorphi is an extinct clade of arthrodire placoderms within the Eubrachythoraci, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Most are considered to be pelagic long-distance swimmers, leading to their widespread distribution beginning from at least the Middle Devonian period.

<i>Millerosteus</i>

Millerosteus is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Early Givetian stage of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in the Orkneys and Caithness, Scotland.

Watsonosteus is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Givetian stage of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in the Orkney Islands, Scotland.

Torosteus is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found in the Kimberley region of Australia.

<i>Trematosteus</i>

Trematosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found from Bad Wildungen, Germany.

Tapinosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found from Bad Wildungen, Germany.

References

  1. 1 2 Zhu, You-An; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (1 April 2016). "Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 176 (4): 806–834. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12356 . ISSN   0024-4082.
  2. Schultze, Hans-Peter; Cumbaa, Stephen L. (26 April 2017). "A new Early Devonian (Emsian) arthrodire from the Northwest Territories, Canada, and its significance for paleogeographic reconstruction". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences . 54 (5): 461–476. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..461S. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0013. hdl: 1807/76893 .
  3. Denison, Robert (1978). Placodermi Volume 2 of Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Stuttgart New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 65. ISBN   978-0-89574-027-4.