The history of local government in Wales in a recognisably modern form emerged during the late 19th century. Administrative counties and county boroughs were first established in Wales in 1889. Urban and rural districts were formed in 1894. These were replaced in 1974 by a two-tier authority system across the country comprising eight counties and, within them, thirty-seven districts. This system was itself replaced by the introduction of 22 single-tier authorities in 1996.
From 1889 to 1974, counties made up of administrative counties and county boroughs were used for local government purposes. The counties were created by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41), which applied without distinction across Wales and England, and in Wales the administrative counties were based on the historic counties of Wales, but they were not entirely identical.
The 1888 act did not create elected district councils, but anticipated their later creation, which came with the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73). The 1894 act created 'urban districts' and 'rural districts'.
The table shows the area and population of administrative counties in Wales as recorded at the censuses of 1891 and 1961. [1] [2]
Administrative county | Area 1891 acres (km2) | Population 1891 | Area 1961 acres (km2) | Population 1961 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anglesey | 175,836 (712) | 50,098 | 176,694 (715) | 51,705 |
Brecknockshire | 469,894 (1,902) | 51,393 | 469,281 (1,899) | 55,185 |
Cardiganshire | 443,071 (1,793) | 63,467 | 443,189 (1,794) | 53,648 |
Carmarthenshire | 587,816 (2,379) | 130,566 | 588,271 (2,381) | 168,008 |
Caernarfonshire (1) | 360,138 (1,457) | 117,233 | 364,108 (1,473) | 121,767 |
Denbighshire | 424,235 (1,717) | 118,843 | 427,978 (1,732) | 174,151 |
Flintshire | 164,051 (664) | 77,277 | 163,707 (662) | 150,082 |
Glamorgan | 505,815 (2,047) | 467,954 | 468,808 (1,897) | 523,253 |
Merionethshire | 427,810 (1,731) | 49,212 | 422,372 (1,709) | 38,310 |
Monmouthshire | 342,548 (1,386) | 203,347 | 346,779 (1,403) | 336,556 |
Montgomeryshire | 510,111 (2,064) | 58,003 | 510,110 (2,064) | 41,165 |
Pembrokeshire | 392,710 (1,589) | 88,296 | 393,008 (1,590) | 94,124 |
Radnorshire | 301,164 (1,219) | 21,791 | 301,165 (1,219) | 18,471 |
(1)Renamed from Carnarvonshire, 1 July 1926 [3]
There were also a number of administratively independent county boroughs:
County borough | Area 1911 acres (km2) | Population 1911 | Area 1961 acres (km2) | Population 1961 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiff | 6,373 (26) | 182,259 | 15,085 (61) | 256,582 |
Merthyr Tydfil | 17,761 (72) | 80,990 | 17,760 (72) | 59,039 |
Newport | 4,504 (18) | 83,691 | 7,691 (31) | 112,298 |
Swansea | 5,202 (21) | 114,663 | 21,600 (87) | 167,322 |
In 1974, the existing administrative counties and county boroughs were abolished and replaced by eight new two-tier authorities, instead called 'counties' by the Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. 70). These counties were sub-divided into lower-tier districts.
The counties were all given names in Welsh only, apart from the three in Glamorgan, which had English names as well as Welsh. The creation of these new administrative areas effectively separated the administrative function from the traditional counties, although in reality this had occurred in 1889.
These two-tier counties were abolished in 1996 and replaced with principal areas, each of which is designated as either a county or county borough. The names and areas of the pre-1996 counties were retained with slight modifications for some ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy, and became known as the preserved counties of Wales, which were amended in 2003 by S.I. 2003/974 to ensure that each principal area is wholly within one preserved county.
The counties were sub-divided into districts, these were:
The redistribution of these districts into the current principal areas is as follows:
Principal area | Previous districts |
---|---|
Blaenau Gwent | most of Blaenau Gwent |
Bridgend | most of Ogwr |
Caerphilly | Islwyn, Rhymney Valley |
Carmarthenshire | Carmarthen, Llanelli, Dinefwr |
Cardiff | Cardiff, part of Taff–Ely |
Ceredigion | Ceredigion |
Conwy | Aberconwy, most of Colwyn |
Denbighshire | Rhuddlan, parts of Glyndwr and Colwyn |
Flintshire | Alyn and Deeside, Delyn |
Gwynedd | Arfon, Dwyfor, Meirionnydd |
Isle of Anglesey | Anglesey |
Merthyr Tydfil | Merthyr Tydfil |
Monmouthshire | Monmouth, part of Blaenau Gwent |
Neath Port Talbot | Neath, Port Talbot, parts of Lliw Valley |
Newport | Newport |
Pembrokeshire | Preseli Pembrokeshire, South Pembrokeshire |
Powys | Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire, Brecknock, part of Glyndwr |
Rhondda Cynon Taf | Rhondda, Cynon Valley, most of Taff-Ely |
Swansea | Swansea, parts of Lliw Valley |
Torfaen | Torfaen |
Vale of Glamorgan | most of Vale of Glamorgan |
Wrexham | most of Wrexham, parts of Glyndwr |
Dyfed is a preserved county in southwestern Wales. It is a mostly rural area with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel.
Powys is a county and preserved county in Wales. It borders Gwynedd, Denbighshire, and Wrexham to the north; the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire to the east; Monmouthshire, Blaenau Gwent, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Rhondda Cynon Taf, and Neath Port Talbot to the south; and Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion to the west. The largest settlement is Newtown, and the administrative centre is Llandrindod Wells.
The preserved counties of Wales are the eight current areas used in Wales for the ceremonial purposes of lieutenancy and shrievalty. They are based on the counties which were used for local government and other purposes between 1974 and 1996. Each comprises one or more of the 22 single-tier principal areas which are used for administrative purposes.
County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control, similar to the unitary authorities created since the 1990s. An equivalent term used in Scotland was a county of city. They were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales, but continue in use for lieutenancy and shrievalty in Northern Ireland. In the Republic of Ireland they remain in existence but have been renamed cities under the provisions of the Local Government Act 2001. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 re-introduced the term for certain "principal areas" in Wales. Scotland did not have county boroughs but instead had counties of cities. These were abolished on 16 May 1975. All four Scottish cities of the time—Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow—were included in this category. There was an additional category of large burgh in the Scottish system, which were responsible for all services apart from police, education and fire.
Mid Glamorgan is a preserved county of Wales. From 1974 until 1996 it was also an administrative county with a county council.
The principal areas of Wales, comprising the counties andcounty boroughs of Wales, are a form of subdivision in Wales. There are currently 22 principal areas in Wales, and they were established in 1996.
These are lists of places in Wales.
The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which amended the Local Government Act 1972 to create the current local government structure in Wales of 22 unitary authority areas, referred to as principal areas in the Act, and abolished the previous two-tier structure of counties and districts. It came into effect on 1 April 1996.
The Local Government Commission for Wales was established by the Local Government Act 1958 to review the organisation of local government in Wales and to make recommendations for its reform. It delivered its report in 1963 and was dissolved in 1967. Its recommendations were not carried out.
The subdivisions of Wales constitute a hierarchy of administrative divisions and non-administrative ceremonial areas.
Menter Iaith is a community-based organisation which works to raise the profile of the Welsh language in a specific area. Each local Menter Iaith receives a basic grant from the Welsh Language Board, as well as financial support from a number of other sources, to work with individuals, organisations, and local business to promote the use of Welsh in its area.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Wales:
Scheduled monuments are sites of archaeological importance with specific legal protection against damage or development.
Pembrokeshire is the fifth-largest county in Wales, but has more scheduled monuments (526) than any except Powys. This gives it an extremely high density of monuments, with 33.4 per 100 km2.. With three-quarters of its boundary being coastline, Pembrokeshire occupies the western end of the West Wales peninsular, terminating with the tiny cathedral city of St David's. It was a historic county in its own right but between 1975 and 1996 it joined Carmarthen and Ceredigion in the much larger county of Dyfed.
The 2015 United Kingdom general election in Wales was held on 7 May 2015 and all 40 seats in Wales were contested. The election for each seat was conducted on the basis of first-past-the-post.
Wales has traditionally been divided into a number of ambiguous and ill-defined areas described as regions, reflecting historical, geographical, administrative, cultural and electoral boundaries within the country. Presently, the most common form of division of Wales into "regions" has been using cardinal and intercardinal references: north or south-west for example. None of the variously described "regions" have official status or defined boundaries; neither is there a fixed number of regions. Various organisations use different regions and combinations of regions for their individual purposes. This includes devolved institutions, such as Visit Wales, Natural Resources Wales, and the Welsh Government itself, using different sets of Wales' regions. Wales is most commonly sub-divided into between two and four regions, with a North–South divide, and North, Mid, South East and South West division being common. This article lists the various terms applied to be the "regions of Wales" and the regions used by various organisations.
The Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales is a non-statutory heritage register of 58 landscapes of outstanding or special historic interest published in two volumes. It was produced by a partnership between Cadw, the Countryside Council for Wales, and the International Council on Monuments and Sites working in collaboration with the Welsh Archaeological Trusts and several other organisations with the intention of aiding in the protection and conservation of the most important and significant historic landscape areas in Wales.
This is a list of the coats of arms of the local authorities in Wales.