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In Mandaeism, ṣauma is a term that means fasting. Although ṣauma can refer to physical fasting, it is more often used in Mandaeism to refer to spiritual piety and abstaining from sin.
The Book of the Zodiac is a Mandaean text. It covers Mandaean astrology in great detail. The book is used to obtain a Mandaean's baptismal name (malwasha). It is also an important source on Mandaean numerology.
The Mandaean calendar is a 365-day solar calendar used by the Mandaean people. It consists of twelve 30-day months, with five extra days at the end of Šumbulta. The Parwanaya festival takes place during those five days. There is no leap year therefore every four years all Mandaean dates move one day back with respect to the Gregorian calendar.
Parwanaya or Panja is a 5-day religious festival in the Mandaean calendar. The 5 epagomenals inserted at the end of every Šumbulta constitute the Parwanaya intercalary feast. The festival celebrates the five days that Hayyi Rabbi created the angels and the universe.
In Mandaeism, Shitil is an uthra from the World of Light. Shitil is considered to be the Mandaean equivalent of Seth.
Dehwa Rabba or Nauruz Rabba is the Mandaean New Year. It is the first day of Daula, the first month of the Mandaean calendar.
A Mandaean priest or Rabbi refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism.
In Mandaeism, the lofani, laufani, or laufania is a type of ritual meal commemorating the dead. It is etymologically related to the word laufa, since lofani meals symbolize the connection of the souls of the living and the dead. The meal sometimes contains sacrificed sheep or dove meat.
The Feast of the Great Shishlam or Dehwa d-Šišlam Rabba or Nauruz Zūṭa is a Mandaean religious holiday that takes place on the 6th and 7th days of Daula, the first month of the Mandaean calendar. It is named after Shishlam, the Mandaean personification of the prototypical priest.
Daula, alternatively known as Šabaṭ, is the first month of the Mandaean calendar. The month begins with Dehwa Rabba, or New Year's Day. The Feast of the Great Shishlam is celebrated on the sixth day of the month.
Nuna, alternatively known as Adar, is the second month of the Mandaean calendar. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans on the 25th day of Nuna.
Embra, Īmbra, or ʿmbra, alternatively known as Nisan, is the third month of the Mandaean calendar.
Taura, alternatively known as Ayar, is the fourth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Ṣilmia, alternatively known as Siwan, is the fifth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Sarṭana, alternatively known as Tamuz or Tammuz, is the sixth month of the Mandaean calendar. Ashoriya (Ashuriyah), a day of remembrance for the drowned people of Noah's flood, is celebrated on the first day of Sarṭana. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans on the 9th, 15th, and 23rd days of the month.
Aria, alternatively known as Ab, is the seventh month of the Mandaean calendar.
Shumbulta or Šumbulta, alternatively known as Aylul, is the eighth month of the Mandaean calendar. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans from the 26th to 30th days of Shumbulta. The Parwanaya, or five intercalary days, take place immediately after Shumbulta.
Qaina, alternatively known as Tišrin, is the ninth month of the Mandaean calendar. Mandaeans practice light fasting on the first day of Qaina.
Arqba, alternatively known as Mašrwan, is the tenth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Gadia, alternatively known as Ṭabit, is the twelfth month of the Mandaean calendar.
References
- ↑ Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
- 1 2 Bhayro, Siam (2020-02-10). "Cosmology in Mandaean Texts". Hellenistic Astronomy. Brill. pp. 572–579. doi:10.1163/9789004400566_046. ISBN 9789004243361. S2CID 213438712 . Retrieved 2021-09-03.
- ↑ Gelbert, Carlos (2005). The Mandaeans and the Jews. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. ISBN 0-9580346-2-1. OCLC 68208613.
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