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The Mandaic alphabet is a writing system primarily used to write the Mandaic language. It is thought to have evolved between the second and seventh century CE from either a cursive form of Aramaic or from Inscriptional Parthian. The exact roots of the script are difficult to determine. It was developed by members of the Mandaean faith of Lower Mesopotamia to write the Mandaic language for liturgical purposes. Classical Mandaic and its descendant Neo-Mandaic are still in limited use. The script has changed very little over centuries of use.
In Mandaeism, ṣauma is a term that means fasting. Although ṣauma can refer to physical fasting, it is more often used in Mandaeism to refer to spiritual piety and abstaining from sin.
The Book of the Zodiac is a Mandaean text. It covers Mandaean astrology in great detail. The book is used to obtain a Mandaean's baptismal name (malwasha). It is also an important source on Mandaean numerology.
The Mandaean calendar is a 365-day solar calendar used by the Mandaean people. It consists of twelve 30-day months, with five extra days at the end of Šumbulta. The Parwanaya festival takes place during those five days. There is no leap year therefore every four years all Mandaean dates move one day back with respect to the Gregorian calendar.
A rishama, rishamma, or rishema is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism. It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks. The next ranks are the ganzibra and tarmida priests.
In Mandaeism, Shitil is an uthra from the World of Light. Shitil is considered to be the Mandaean equivalent of Seth.
Dehwa Rabba or Nauruz Rabba is the Mandaean New Year. It is the first day of Daula, the first month of the Mandaean calendar.
A Mandaean priest or Rabbi refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism.
In Mandaeism, zidqa refers to alms or almsgiving. Mandaean priests receive regular financial contributions from laypeople, since priesthood is typically a full-time occupation. Zidqa is also offered to the poor and needy.
Daula, alternatively known as Šabaṭ, is the first month of the Mandaean calendar. The month begins with Dehwa Rabba, or New Year's Day. The Feast of the Great Shishlam is celebrated on the sixth day of the month.
Nuna, alternatively known as Adar, is the second month of the Mandaean calendar. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans on the 25th day of Nuna.
Embra, Īmbra, or ʿmbra, alternatively known as Nisan, is the third month of the Mandaean calendar.
Taura, alternatively known as Ayar, is the fourth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Ṣilmia, alternatively known as Siwan, is the fifth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Sarṭana, alternatively known as Tamuz or Tammuz, is the sixth month of the Mandaean calendar. Ashoriya (Ashuriyah), a day of remembrance for the drowned people of Noah's flood, is celebrated on the first day of Sarṭana. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans on the 9th, 15th, and 23rd days of the month.
Aria, alternatively known as Ab, is the seventh month of the Mandaean calendar.
Shumbulta or Šumbulta, alternatively known as Aylul, is the eighth month of the Mandaean calendar. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans from the 26th to 30th days of Shumbulta. The Parwanaya, or five intercalary days, take place immediately after Shumbulta.
Qaina, alternatively known as Tišrin, is the ninth month of the Mandaean calendar. Mandaeans practice light fasting on the first day of Qaina.
Hiṭia, alternatively known as Kanun, is the eleventh month of the Mandaean calendar. The first day of the month is Dehwa Daimana, the birthday of John the Baptist.
Gadia, alternatively known as Ṭabit, is the twelfth month of the Mandaean calendar.
References
- ↑ Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
- 1 2 Bhayro, Siam (2020-02-10). "Cosmology in Mandaean Texts". Hellenistic Astronomy. Brill. pp. 572–579. doi:10.1163/9789004400566_046. ISBN 9789004243361. S2CID 213438712 . Retrieved 2021-09-03.
- ↑ Gelbert, Carlos (2005). The Mandaeans and the Jews. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. ISBN 0-9580346-2-1. OCLC 68208613.
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