Yurba | |
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Other names | Jōrabba |
Affiliation | Shamish, Adonai, Yao |
Abode | World of Light |
Texts | Mandaean Book of John chapter 52 |
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In Mandaeism, Yurba or Yorabba [1] (Classical Mandaic : ࡉࡅࡓࡁࡀ, romanized: Iurba) is an uthra (angelic or celestial being). Lidzbarski (1905, 1920) spells his name as spelled Jōrabba. Yurba, who is also called the fighter, is identified with Shamish, the sun. [2] In Mandaean texts, Yurba is often mentioned as engaging in conversation with Ruha. [3] Gelbert (2013) also suggests that Yurba alludes to the historical Rabbula, a 5th-century bishop of Edessa. [1]
Book 18 of the Right Ginza equates Yurba with Adonai of Judaism, while Gelbert (2017) identifies Yurba with Yao. [4] He is mentioned in Right Ginza 3, 5.3 (which mentions Yurba as a matarta guardian), 8, 12.1, 15.5, and 18 and Left Ginza 2.22 and 3.45. [3] Mandaean Book of John chapter 52 is a narrative dedicated to Yurba. [4]
Yurba (Yorbā) is a portmanteau of Yao and Rba (Rabba), which means 'great'. [5]
The Qmaha ḏ-Iurba ( Qmaha of Yurba") is an amulet scroll that invokes Yurba for protection. Manuscripts include: [6]
The Ginza Rabba, Ginza Rba, or Sidra Rabba, and formerly the Codex Nasaraeus, is the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism.
In Mandaeism, the Book of John is a Mandaean holy book in Mandaic Aramaic which Mandaeans attribute to their prophet John the Baptist.
An uthra or ʿutra is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras ." Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the yazata of Zoroastrianism. According to E. S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life."
The Right Ginza is one of the two parts of the Ginza Rabba, the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism. The other part of the Ginza Rabba is the Left Ginza.
Alma Rišaia Zuṭa is a Mandaean religious text. The text is used for Mandaean priestly initiation ceremonies. It is written as a scroll. Alma Rišaia Zuṭa complements Alma Rišaia Rba, or "The Greater Supreme World", a related Mandaic text used for priestly rituals.
In Sethian Gnosticism, Yao or Iao is an archon. In On the Origin of the World, he is one of the three sons of Yaldabaoth, with the other two being Astaphaios and Eloai. In the Apocryphon of John, he is the fourth of the seven archons.
The Mandaic word mana (ࡌࡀࡍࡀ) is a term that is roughly equivalent to the philosophical concept of nous. It has been variously translated as "mind", "soul", "treasure", "Garment", "Intellect", "Intelligence", "Heart", "Spirit", "Being"; or alternatively as "nous", "consciousness", or "vessel".
Ziwa is an Aramaic term that is typically translated as 'radiance' or 'splendor.' It is frequently used as an epithet for celestial beings and manifestations of God in Gnostic religions such as Mandaeism and Manichaeism.
Mandaean names can include both birth names and baptismal names, called malwasha (ࡌࡀࡋࡅࡀࡔࡀ) in Mandaic.
In Mandaeism, Nbaṭ is an uthra who is described as the "King of Air" or the "first great Radiance." He is also called Nbaṭ Rba or Nbaṭ Ziwa "the Radiant Nbaṭ", literally "Radiance Burst Forth". In The Thousand and Twelve Questions , he is also known as Kušṭa Yaqra "Solemn Truth".
Shihlun is an uthra in the World of Light. In the Mandaean Book of John, he is noted for his opposition to the creation of the material universe by Ptahil and his assistant uthras.
In Mandaeism, Nṣab is an uthra. He is also called Nṣab Rba or Nṣab Ziwa. Nṣab and Anan-Nṣab are frequently mentioned together as a pair in the Right Ginza and Qulasta.
In Mandaeism, a gufna or gupna is an uthra that is described as a personified grapevine in the World of Light.
Ṣilmia, alternatively known as Siwan, is the fifth month of the Mandaean calendar.
Shumbulta or Šumbulta, alternatively known as Aylul, is the eighth month of the Mandaean calendar. Light fasting is practiced by Mandaeans from the 26th to 30th days of Shumbulta. The Parwanaya, or five intercalary days, take place immediately after Shumbulta.
Qaina, alternatively known as Tišrin, is the ninth month of the Mandaean calendar. Mandaeans practice light fasting on the first day of Qaina.
In Mandaeism, Sin or Sen is the Mandaic name for the Moon. Sin is one of the seven planets, who are part of the entourage of Ruha in the World of Darkness.
In Mandaeism, Shamish or Šamiš is the Mandaic name for the Sun. Shamish is one of the seven classical planets, who are part of the entourage of Ruha in the World of Darkness.
Zihrun, is an uthra in the World of Light. He is the main subject of the Mandaean scroll Zihrun Raza Kasia.
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