Dmuta

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In Mandaeism, a dmuta (Classical Mandaic : ࡃࡌࡅࡕࡀ, lit.  'image') or dmut is a spiritual counterpart or "mirror image" in the World of Light. [1] [2] People, spirits, and places are often considered to have both earthly and heavenly counterparts (dmuta) that can dynamically interact with each other. [3] : 37  A few examples include:

Contents

A dmuta dwells in the Mshunia Kushta, a section of the World of Light. [3]

Merging of the soul

A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul (ࡍࡉࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ nišimta ) and spirit (ࡓࡅࡄࡀ ruha ) from the Earth (Tibil) into a new merged entity in the World of Light called the ʿuṣṭuna. The ʿuṣṭuna can then reunite with its heavenly, non-incarnate counterpart (or spiritual image), the dmuta, in the World of Light, where it will reside in the world of ideal counterparts called the Mšunia Kušṭa (similar to Plato's idea of the hyperuranion). [3]

In the Qulasta

In Qulasta prayer 43, manda (gnosis) is mentioned as having proceeded from Dmut Hiia (the dmuta of Life). Prayers 170 (the Tabahatan) and 411 in the Qulasta mention Dmut Hiia as the mother of Yushamin. [4]

Parallels

Similarly, the Qur'an (36:36, 51:49, etc.) mentions that God created everything in "pairs." Related concepts in other religions include yin and yang in Taoism, and the Yazidi belief of there being both a heavenly and earthly Lalish.

Philosophical parallels include Plato's theory of forms. [5]

As an uthra

In the Scroll of Abatur , Dmut Hiia (or Dmut Hayyi) is depicted as a female uthra. The scroll also contains an illustration of Dmut Hiia. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

In Mandaeism, kushta or kušṭa can have several meanings. Its original literal meaning is "truth" in the Mandaic language, and is thus typically used to refer to the Mandaean religious concept of truth. The same word is also used to refer to a sacred handclasp that is used during Mandaean rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and priestly initiation ceremonies.

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An uthra or ʿutra is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras ." Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the yazata of Zoroastrianism. According to E. S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Left Ginza</span> Mandaean religious text

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Mandaean cosmology is the Gnostic conception of the universe in the religion of Mandaeism.

In Mandaeism, Manda d-Hayyi or Manda ḏ-Hiia is an uthra sent by the Great Life as a messenger to John the Baptist. Manda d-Hayyi is considered to be the most important uthra, since he is the one bringing manda to Earth (Tibil).

In Mandaeism, Hayyi Rabbi, 'The Great Living God', is the supreme God from which all things emanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masiqta</span> Mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion

The masiqta is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul (nišimta) towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just died. Although usually translated as "death mass", a few types of masiqta are also performed for living people, such as when priests are ordained. Masiqtas are also used to consecrate houses of worship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarmida</span> Minor priest in Mandaeism

A tarmida is a junior priest in Mandaeism. Ganzibras, or head priests, rank above tarmidas.

Diwan ḏ-Qadaha Rba Šuma ḏ-Mara ḏ-Rabuta u-Dmut Kušṭa, or simply Dmut Kušṭa, is a Mandaean religious text. It is written as an illustrated scroll. No published translation of the text currently exists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drabsha</span> Symbol of Mandaeism

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In Mandaeism, Yawar Ziwa is an uthra from the World of Light. He is the personification of light, as well as the head of reproductive powers.

In Mandaean cosmology, Mshunia Kushta is a part of the World of Light considered to be the dwelling place of heavenly or ideal counterparts (dmuta). It is similar to Plato's concept of the hyperuranion, which can be roughly described as a place in heaven where all ideas of real things are collected together.

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In Mandaeism, Nbaṭ is an uthra who is described as the "King of Air" or the "first great Radiance." He is also called Nbaṭ Rba or Nbaṭ Ziwa "the Radiant Nbaṭ", literally "Radiance Burst Forth". In The Thousand and Twelve Questions , he is also known as Kušṭa Yaqra "Solemn Truth".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nishimta</span> Soul in Mandaeism

In Mandaeism, the nishimta or nishma is the human soul. It is can also be considered as equivalent to the "psyche" or "ego". It is distinct from ruha ('spirit'), as well as from mana ('nous'). In Mandaeism, humans are considered to be made up of the physical body (pagra), soul (nišimta), and spirit (ruha).

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mandaeism.

References

  1. ↑ Drower, E.S. (1960). The Secret Adam - The Study of Nasoraean Gnosis (PDF). London: Oxford University Press.
  2. ↑ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
  3. 1 2 3 Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-515385-5. OCLC   65198443.
  4. ↑ Drower, E. S. (1959). The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  5. ↑ Nasoraia, Brikha H.S. (2021). The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought. New Delhi: Sterling. ISBN   978-81-950824-1-4. OCLC   1272858968.
  6. ↑ van Rompaey, Sandra (2024). Mandaean Symbolic Art. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN   978-2-503-59365-4.
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