Hydrophis | |
---|---|
Annulated sea snake, H. cyanocinctus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Serpentes |
Family: | Elapidae |
Subfamily: | Hydrophiinae |
Genus: | Hydrophis Latreille In Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 |
Type species | |
Hydrophis platurus Linnaeus, 1766 | |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
Disteira Lacépède, 1804 |
Hydrophis is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus Hydrophis are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are recognized as being valid. [1]
There are more than 30 recognized species in the genus. [1]
Species | Authority | Subsp.* | Common name | Geographic range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. annandalei | (Laidlaw, 1901) | 0 | bighead sea snake, Annandale's sea snake | Indian Ocean | |
H. anomalus | Schmidt, 1852 | 0 | anomalous sea snake | South Chinese Sea, Indian Ocean | |
H. atriceps | Günther, 1864 | 0 | black-headed sea snake | ||
H. belcheri | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | Belcher's sea snake | Queensland and New Territories, Australia | |
H. bituberculatus | W. Peters, 1873 | 0 | Peters' sea snake | Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand) | |
H. brookii | Günther, 1872 | 0 | Brooke's sea snake | ||
H. caerulescens | (Shaw, 1802) | 2 | dwarf sea snake | Queensland, Australia | |
H. cantoris | Günther, 1864 | 0 | Cantor's narrow-headed sea snake, Cantor's small-headed sea snake | ||
H. coggeri | (Kharin, 1984) | 0 | slender-necked sea snake, Cogger's sea snake [2] | Western Australia | |
H. curtus | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | Shaw's sea snake, short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake | ||
H. cyanocinctus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake | ||
H. czeblukovi | (Kharin, 1984) | 0 | fine-spined sea snake | ||
H. donaldi [3] | Ukuwela, K. Sanders & B. Fry, 2012 | rough-scaled sea snake | Northern Australia | ||
H. elegans | (Gray, 1842) | 0 | elegant sea snake | ||
H. fasciatus | (Schneider, 1799) | 0 | striped sea snake | ||
H. hardwickii | (Gray, 1834) | 0 | Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake | ||
H. inornatus | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | plain sea snake | Western Australia | |
H. jerdonii | (Gray, 1849) | 2 | Jerdon's sea snake | Indian Ocean | |
H. kingii | Boulenger, 1896 | 0 | King's sea snake | ||
H. klossi | Boulenger, 1912 | 0 | Kloss' sea snake | ||
H. laboutei | A. Rasmussen & Ineich, 2000 | 0 | Laboute's sea snake [2] | New Caledonia | |
H. lamberti | M.A. Smith, 1917 | 0 | Lambert's sea snake | ||
H. lapemoides | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | Persian Gulf sea snake | ||
H. macdowelli | Kharin, 1983 | 0 | small-headed sea snake, McDowell's sea snake | Western Australia | |
H. major | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | greater sea snake, olive-headed sea snake | ||
H. mamillaris | (Daudin, 1803) | 0 | Bombay sea snake | ||
H. melanocephalus | Gray, 1849 | 0 | slender-necked sea snake | ||
H. melanosoma | Günther, 1864 | 0 | black-banded robust sea snake | ||
H. nigrocinctus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | black-banded sea snake | ||
H. obscurus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | estuarine sea snake, Russel's sea snake | ||
H. ocellatus | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | spotted sea snake | ||
H. ornatus | (Gray, 1842) | 4 | ornate reef sea snake | ||
H. pacificus | Boulenger, 1896 | 0 | large-headed sea snake | ||
H. parviceps | M.A. Smith, 1935 | 0 | Smith's small-headed sea snake | ||
H. peronii | (A.M.C. Duméril, 1853) | 0 | Peron's sea snake | ||
H. platurus | Linnaeus, 1766 | 0 | yellow-bellied sea snake | ||
H. schistosus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | beaked sea snake | Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to Pacific Ocean [4] [5] | |
H. semperi | Garman, 1881 | 0 | Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, Philippine freshwater sea snake, Luzon sea snake | ||
H. sibauensis | A. Rasmussen, Auliya & W. Böhme, 2001 | 0 | Kalimantan sea snake | ||
H. spiralis | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | yellow sea snake | ||
H. stokesii | (Gray, 1846) | 0 | Stokes' sea snake, Stokes's sea snake | ||
H. stricticollis | Günther, 1864 | 0 | collared sea snake | ||
H. torquatus | Günther, 1864 | 2 | west coast black-headed sea snake | ||
H. viperinus | Schmidt, 1852 | 0 | viperine sea snake | Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean to Western Pacific Ocean [6] | |
H. vorisi | Kharin, 1984 | 0 | estuarine sea snake | Torres Strait, Queensland | |
H. zweifeli | (Kharin, 1985) | 0 | Sepik beaked sea snake, Zweifel’s beaked sea snake | ||
[7] *) Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form).
Nota bene : A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Hydrophis.
Stokes's sea snake is a large species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. It is sometimes placed in its own genus Astrotia. The species is endemic to tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic waters.
The olive-headed sea snake, also known as the greater sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis nigrocinctus is a species of marine venomous snakes in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis schistosus, commonly known as the beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadeyan sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. This species is implicated in more than 50% of all bites caused by sea snakes, as well as the majority of envenomings and fatalities.
Hydrophis brookii is a species of venomous sea snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to bodies of water in Southeast Asia.
Hydrophis klossi, commonly known as Kloss's sea snake, is a species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. Like all other sea snakes, it is venomous. The species is endemic to the Indian Ocean.
Hydrophis inornatus, commonly known as the plain sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis melanocephalus, commonly known as the slender-necked sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis obscurus, commonly known as Russell's sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis ornatus, commonly known as the ornate reef sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis spiralis, commonly known as the yellow sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.
Hydrophis annandalei, commonly known as Annandale's sea snake or the bighead sea snake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species, which is sometimes placed in its own genus Kolpophis, is native to parts of the Indian Ocean.
Hydrophis peronii, commonly known as the horned sea snake, Peron's sea snake, and the spiny-headed seasnake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to the western tropical Pacific Ocean. It is the only sea snake with spines on the head. It is sometimes placed in its own genus Acalyptophis.
Hydrophis zweifeli is a species of snakes found from New Guinea to Australia. In the past they were thought to be Enhydrina schistosa, but after DNA testing are now provisionally identified as Hydrophis zweifeli. DNA test have shown they are not related to Hydrophis schistosus.
The slender-necked sea snake, also known commonly as Cogger's sea snake, is a species of marine venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters around western Australia and the southern Pacific Ocean.
Hydrophis czeblukovi, also known commonly as the fine-spined sea snake, the geometrical sea snake, and the geometrical seasnake, is species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters off northern Australia.
The estuarine sea snake, also known commonly as Kharin's sea snake, is a species of marine venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters around the northern tip of Australia in the Torres Strait.
Hydrophis laboutei, also known as Laboute's sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to New Caledonia. The specific epithet laboutei honours Pierre Laboute, a French researcher at the IRD station in Nouméa, who collected the holotype.
Hydrophis sibauensis, also known as the Kalimantan sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to Indonesia, and endemic to Borneo. The specific epithet sibauensis refers to the Sibau River.
Hydrophis torquatus, also known as the west coast black-headed sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to Southeast Asia. The specific epithet torquatus (“collared”) refers to the body markings.