Hydrophis

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Hydrophis
Hydrophis - Brehms.jpg
Annulated sea snake, H. cyanocinctus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Subfamily: Hydrophiinae
Genus: Hydrophis
Latreille In Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
Type species
Hydrophis platurus
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

See text

Synonyms

Disteira Lacépède, 1804

Hydrophis is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus Hydrophis are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are recognized as being valid. [1]

Contents

Systematics and classification

There are more than 30 recognized species in the genus. [1]

SpeciesAuthoritySubsp.*Common nameGeographic range
H. annandalei (Laidlaw, 1901)0bighead sea snake, Annandale's sea snakeIndian Ocean
H. anomalus Schmidt, 18520anomalous sea snakeSouth Chinese Sea, Indian Ocean
H. atriceps Günther, 18640black-headed sea snake
H. belcheri (Gray, 1849)0 Belcher's sea snake Queensland and New Territories, Australia
H. bituberculatus W. Peters, 18730 Peters' sea snake Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand)
H. brookii Günther, 18720 Brooke's sea snake
H. caerulescens (Shaw, 1802)2dwarf sea snake Queensland, Australia
H. cantoris Günther, 18640 Cantor's narrow-headed sea snake, Cantor's small-headed sea snake
H. coggeri (Kharin, 1984)0slender-necked sea snake, Cogger's sea snake [2] Western Australia
H. curtus (Shaw, 1802)0 Shaw's sea snake, short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake
H. cyanocinctus Daudin, 18030annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake
H. czeblukovi (Kharin, 1984)0fine-spined sea snake
H. donaldi [3] Ukuwela, K. Sanders
& B. Fry, 2012
rough-scaled sea snake Northern Australia
H. elegans (Gray, 1842)0elegant sea snake
H. fasciatus (Schneider, 1799)0striped sea snake
H. hardwickii (Gray, 1834)0 Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake
H. inornatus (Gray, 1849)0plain sea snake Western Australia
H. jerdonii (Gray, 1849)2 Jerdon's sea snakeIndian Ocean
H. kingii Boulenger, 18960 King's sea snake
H. klossi Boulenger, 19120 Kloss' sea snake
H. laboutei A. Rasmussen & Ineich, 20000 Laboute's sea snake [2] New Caledonia
H. lamberti M.A. Smith, 19170Lambert's sea snake
H. lapemoides (Gray, 1849)0 Persian Gulf sea snake
H. macdowelli Kharin, 19830small-headed sea snake, McDowell's sea snake Western Australia
H. major (Shaw, 1802)0greater sea snake, olive-headed sea snake
H. mamillaris (Daudin, 1803)0 Bombay sea snake
H. melanocephalus Gray, 18490slender-necked sea snake
H. melanosoma Günther, 18640black-banded robust sea snake
H. nigrocinctus Daudin, 18030black-banded sea snake
H. obscurus Daudin, 18030estuarine sea snake, Russel's sea snake
H. ocellatus (Gray, 1849)0spotted sea snake
H. ornatus (Gray, 1842)4ornate reef sea snake
H. pacificus Boulenger, 18960large-headed sea snake
H. parviceps M.A. Smith, 19350 Smith's small-headed sea snake
H. peronii (A.M.C. Duméril, 1853)0 Peron's sea snake
H. platurus Linnaeus, 17660yellow-bellied sea snake
H. schistosus Daudin, 18030beaked sea snake Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to Pacific Ocean [4] [5]
H. semperi Garman, 18810Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, Philippine freshwater sea snake, Luzon sea snake
H. sibauensis A. Rasmussen, Auliya
& W. Böhme, 2001
0 Kalimantan sea snake
H. spiralis (Shaw, 1802)0yellow sea snake
H. stokesii (Gray, 1846)0 Stokes' sea snake, Stokes's sea snake
H. stricticollis Günther, 18640collared sea snake
H. torquatus Günther, 18642west coast black-headed sea snake
H. viperinus Schmidt, 18520viperine sea snakePersian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean to Western Pacific Ocean [6]
H. vorisi Kharin, 19840 estuarine sea snake Torres Strait, Queensland
H. zweifeli (Kharin, 1985)0Sepik beaked sea snake, Zweifel’s beaked sea snake

[7] *) Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form).

Nota bene : A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Hydrophis.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stokes's sea snake</span> Species of snake

Stokes's sea snake is a large species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. It is sometimes placed in its own genus Astrotia. The species is endemic to tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic waters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olive-headed sea snake</span> Species of snake

The olive-headed sea snake, also known as the greater sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

<i>Hydrophis nigrocinctus</i> Species of sea snake

Hydrophis nigrocinctus is a species of marine venomous snakes in the family Elapidae.

<i>Hydrophis schistosus</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis schistosus, commonly known as the beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadeyan sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. This species is implicated in more than 50% of all bites caused by sea snakes, as well as the majority of envenomings and fatalities.

<i>Hydrophis brooki</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis brookii is a species of venomous sea snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to bodies of water in Southeast Asia.

<i>Hydrophis klossi</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis klossi, commonly known as Kloss's sea snake, is a species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. Like all other sea snakes, it is venomous. The species is endemic to the Indian Ocean.

<i>Hydrophis inornatus</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis inornatus, commonly known as the plain sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

<i>Hydrophis melanocephalus</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis melanocephalus, commonly known as the slender-necked sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

Hydrophis obscurus, commonly known as Russell's sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

<i>Hydrophis ornatus</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis ornatus, commonly known as the ornate reef sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

<i>Hydrophis spiralis</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis spiralis, commonly known as the yellow sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

Hydrophis annandalei, commonly known as Annandale's sea snake or the bighead sea snake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species, which is sometimes placed in its own genus Kolpophis, is native to parts of the Indian Ocean.

<i>Hydrophis peronii</i> Species of snake

Hydrophis peronii, commonly known as the horned sea snake, Peron's sea snake, and the spiny-headed seasnake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to the western tropical Pacific Ocean. It is the only sea snake with spines on the head. It is sometimes placed in its own genus Acalyptophis.

Hydrophis zweifeli is a species of snakes found from New Guinea to Australia. In the past they were thought to be Enhydrina schistosa, but after DNA testing are now provisionally identified as Hydrophis zweifeli. DNA test have shown they are not related to Hydrophis schistosus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slender-necked sea snake</span> Species of snake

The slender-necked sea snake, also known commonly as Cogger's sea snake, is a species of marine venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters around western Australia and the southern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geometrical sea snake</span> Species of snake

Hydrophis czeblukovi, also known commonly as the fine-spined sea snake, the geometrical sea snake, and the geometrical seasnake, is species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters off northern Australia.

The estuarine sea snake, also known commonly as Kharin's sea snake, is a species of marine venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters around the northern tip of Australia in the Torres Strait.

Hydrophis laboutei, also known as Laboute's sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to New Caledonia. The specific epithet laboutei honours Pierre Laboute, a French researcher at the IRD station in Nouméa, who collected the holotype.

Hydrophis sibauensis, also known as the Kalimantan sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to Indonesia, and endemic to Borneo. The specific epithet sibauensis refers to the Sibau River.

Hydrophis torquatus, also known as the west coast black-headed sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae that is native to Southeast Asia. The specific epithet torquatus (“collared”) refers to the body markings.

References

  1. 1 2 "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  2. 1 2 Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN   978-1-4214-0135-5. (Hydrophis coggeri, p. 56; H. laboutei, p. 149).
  3. "Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special"" . Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  4. Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis schistosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  5. "Hydrophis schistosus".
  6. Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis viperinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  7. "The Reptiles of Australia, Marine snakes". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2010-02-19. (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)

Further reading