Hymenoxys odorata

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Hymenoxys odorata
Hymenoxys odorata.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Hymenoxys
Species:
H. odorata
Binomial name
Hymenoxys odorata
DC. 1836
Synonyms [1]
  • Actinea odorataKuntze
  • Actinella odorata(DC.) A. Gray
  • Picradenia odorata(DC.) Britton
  • Ptilepida odorata(DC.) Britton

Hymenoxys odorata is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names bitter rubberweed and western bitterweed. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States from southern California to Texas north as far as Kansas and Colorado, as well as northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas). It grows in dry regions. [2] [3] [4]

Hymenoxys odorata is an annual herb producing a branching stem up to 60 centimeters (2 feet) tall. The stems are covered in a foliage of short leaves which are divided into narrow, pointed lobes. Each of the many flower heads contains 50–150 bright yellow disc florets and 8–13 short yellow ray florets. [5]

Hymenoxys odorata is poisonous to livestock; it is mostly a problem of the sheep industry. The toxic compounds are sesquiterpene lactones called hymenovin [6] and hymenoxon. [7] When ingested by sheep the plant produces inflammation of the stomach, renal necrosis, and toxic hepatitis, [8] as well as inhibition of clotting factors. [9] An ill sheep may be bloated, anorexic, weak, drooling, and vomiting. [10] Acute and chronic, cumulative poisoning is often fatal. Sheep tend to avoid the plant because they find it distasteful but they will eat it in the absence of other forage. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hymenoxys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenoxys is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America. It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.

<i>Ericameria nana</i> Species of plant

Ericameria nana is a North American species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae known by the common names dwarf goldenbush and rubberweed. It is native to the western United States from eastern California, southeastern Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, and southwestern Montana.

<i>Gutierrezia microcephala</i> Species of flowering plant

Gutierrezia microcephala is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names sticky snakeweed, threadleaf snakeweed, threadleaf broomweed, and smallhead snakeweed. It is a subshrub native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, and can be found in arid grassland and desert sand dune habitats. It can be toxic to livestock in large quantities, due to the presence of saponins and high concentrations of selenium.

Hymenoxys cooperi is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Cooper's rubberweed. It is native to the southwestern United States and Great Basin, where it grows in rocky soils in arid regions from southern California to New Mexico, north as far as Idaho and Oregon.

<i>Hymenoxys lemmonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys lemmonii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Lemmon's rubberweed, Lemmon's bitterweed, and alkali hymenoxys. It is native to the western United States in and around the Great Basin in Utah, Nevada, northern California, and southeastern Oregon.

<i>Chaetopappa ericoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Chaetopappa ericoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names rose heath and heath-leaved chaetopappa. It is native to the southwestern and western Great Plains regions of the United States, plus northern Mexico. It is found in California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, and Nuevo León.

Odoratus is a Latin adjective meaning "fragrant, perfumed", and may refer to:

<i>Conium maculatum</i> Poisonous herbaceous plant in the carrot family

Conium maculatum, known as hemlock, or poison hemlock is a highly poisonous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa. It is herbaceous without woody parts and has a biennial lifecycle. A hardy plant capable of living in a variety of environments, hemlock is widely naturalised in locations outside its native range, such as parts of Australia, West Asia, and North and South America, to which it has been introduced. It is capable of spreading and thereby becoming an invasive weed.

<i>Hymenoxys hoopesii</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys hoopesii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names owl's claws, orange sneezeweed, and yerba del lobo. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in habitats of moderate elevation, such as mountain meadows in the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades, and other ranges. It has been found from Arizona, New Mexico, and central California north as far as Montana and Oregon.

<i>Hymenoxys texana</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys texana is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names prairie dawn, Texas prairie dawn-flower, and Texas bitterweed. It is endemic to Texas, where it is known only from the general vicinity of Houston. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Flourensia cernua</i> Species of flowering plant

Flourensia cernua is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the English common names American tarwort and tarbush and the Spanish common names hojasé, hojasén, and hoja ancha. It is native to the Chihuahuan Desert of North America, where it occurs in the US states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, and the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas. Most of the species in the genus are found in Latin America; this and F. pringlei are the only two species whose ranges extend into the United States.

<i>Hymenoxys richardsonii</i> Species of plant

Hymenoxys richardsonii, the pingue hymenoxys or pingue rubberweed, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is widespread across the western United States and western Canada from Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas north as far as Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Erigeron tenellus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Río Grande fleabane. It is native to the valley of the Río Grande, on both sides of the international border. It is found in the US state of Texas as well as in Nuevo León and Tamaulipas in México.

Hymenoxys brachyactis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names east view rubberweed and tall bitterweed. It is native to the state of New Mexico in the southwestern United States.

Hymenoxys brandegeei is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Brandegee's four-nerve daisy, Brandegee's rubberweed or western bitterweed. It is native to the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico in the southwestern United States.

<i>Hymenoxys grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys grandiflora is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names graylocks four-nerve daisy, graylocks rubberweed, or old man of the mountain. It is native to high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States.

<i>Hymenoxys quinquesquamata</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys quinquesquamata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names rincon rubberweed or rincon bitterweed. It has been found only in the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the southwestern United States. Many of the populations lie in the Huachuca Mountains of Cochise County in Arizona.

Hymenoxys rusbyi is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Rusby's rubberweed or Rusby's bitterweed. It has been found only in the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the southwestern United States.

Hymenoxys vaseyi is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Vasey's rubberweed. It is native to the southwestern United States, primarily in New Mexico with a few populations in extreme western Texas.

Tetraneuris linearifolia is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name fineleaf fournerved daisy. It grows in the south-central United States and northern Mexico.

References

  1. Tropicos, Hymenoxys odorata DC.
  2. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  3. Calflora taxon report, University of California, Hymenoxys odorata DC., bitter rubberweed, fragrant bitter weed
  4. SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
  5. Flora of North America, Hymenoxys odorata de Candolle 1836. Western bitterweed, bitter rubberweed
  6. Poisonous Range Plants of Temperate North America Archived 2007-07-11 at the Wayback Machine Merck Veterinary Manual
  7. Pfeiffer, F. A.; Calhoun, M. C. (1987). "Effects of environmental, site and phenological factors on hymenoxon content of bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata)". J Anim Sci. 65 (6): 1553–62. doi:10.2527/jas1987.6561553x.
  8. Witzel, D. A.; Jones, L. P.; Ivie, G. W. (1977). "Pathology of subacute bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata) poisoning in sheep". Vet Pathol. 14 (1): 73–8. doi: 10.1177/030098587701400109 . PMID   850997. S2CID   6069149.
  9. Steel, E. G.; Witzel, D. A.; Blanks, A. (1976). "Acquired coagulation factor X activity deficiency connected with Hymenoxys odorata DC (Compositae), bitterweed poisoning in sheep". Am J Vet Res. 37 (12): 1383–6. PMID   999065.
  10. 1 2 Bitter Rubberweed (Hymenoxys odorata) USDA Poisonous Plants Research