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The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity (ATCSI), which until 2014 was known as the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), also known as the NARTH Institute, is a US organization that promotes conversion therapy, a pseudoscientific practice used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of people with same-sex attraction. NARTH was founded in 1992 by Joseph Nicolosi, Benjamin Kaufman, and Charles Socarides. Its headquarters were in Encino, California, at its Thomas Aquinas Psychological Clinic. NARTH has not been recognized by any major United States-based professional association.
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Homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) beginning with the first edition, published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). This classification was challenged by gay rights activists during the gay liberation following the 1969 Stonewall riots, and in December 1973, the APA board of trustees voted to declassify homosexuality as a mental disorder. In 1974, the DSM was updated and homosexuality was replaced with a new diagnostic code for individuals distressed by their homosexuality, termed ego-dystonic sexual orientation. Distress over one's sexual orientation remained in the manual, under different names, until the DSM-5 in 2013.
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Many health organizations around the world have denounced and criticized sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts. National health organizations in the United States have announced that there has been no scientific demonstration of conversion therapy's efficacy in the last forty years. They find that conversion therapy is ineffective, risky and can be harmful. Anecdotal claims of cures are counterbalanced by assertions of harm, and the American Psychiatric Association, for example, cautions ethical practitioners under the Hippocratic oath to do no harm and to refrain from attempts at conversion therapy.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "A Brief History of IPS". indianpsychiatricsociety.org. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023.
- ↑ "Home". indianpsychiatricsociety.org.
- ↑ "Home".
- ↑ Bhattacharyya, Ranjan (2018). "The development of mental hospitals in West Bengal: A brief history and changing trends". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 60 (6): S198–S202. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_432_17 . ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 5836338 . PMID 29527048.
- ↑ Ghosal, Malay Kumar (2015). "Professor Ajita Chakraborty". Bengal Journal of Psychiatry: 40–41. doi:10.51332/bjp.2015.v20.i1.48. ISSN 2348-9227.
- 1 2 "Objectives". indianpsychiatricsociety.org. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 "Organization". indianpsychiatricsociety.org.
- 1 2 "Homosexuality is unnatural, leading psychiatrist says". The Times of India. 21 January 2014. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014.
- 1 2 Iyer, Malathy (2 February 2014). "Homosexuality is not a disease, psychiatrists say". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014.
- 1 2 First Post Staff (7 February 2014). "Homosexuality not mental illness, disease: Indian Psychiatric Society-India News". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022.
- ↑ Special Correspondent (12 July 2018). "Homosexuality not an illness: Indian Psychiatric Society". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ "IPS Position Statement Regarding LGBTQ | Indian Psychiatric Society". indianpsychiatricsociety.org. Archived from the original on 2020-09-06. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
- 1 2 Indian Psychiatric Society (3 April 2023), Position Statement of Indian Psychiatric Society regarding LGBTQA, IPS/HGS/22-24/1007 (LGBTQA), Gurgaon, India: Indian Psychiatric Society, archived from the original on 11 April 2023
- 1 2 Pal, Somita (9 April 2023). "Psychiatrists issue statement supporting same-sex marriage ahead of SC hearing". Hindustan Times . Archived from the original on 9 April 2023.
- ↑ Iyer, Malathy (9 February 2013). "Early marriage curbs crimes, Indian Psychiatric Society chief says". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023.
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