Indonesian Railway Company

Last updated

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)
Logo PT KAI (Persero) (New version 2016).svg
Java Transportation Network id.svg
Map of railway lines in Java.
KA Argo Dwipangga.jpg
Overview
Fleet size
Headquarters Bandung, Indonesia
Locale Java, Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Lampung (current operation); All of Indonesia (future operation)
Dates of operation1945–present
Predecessor
Technical
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Standard gauge)
1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (Cape gauge)
Previous gauge 750 mm (2 ft 5 1⁄2 in) (Aceh tramway gauge) [2]
600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in) (tramway gauge) [2]
Electrification 1500 V DC overhead wiring for KCI operation
750 V DC third rail for Palembang LRT operation [3]
Length5,042 kilometres (3,133 mi)
Highest elevation1,246 m (4,088 ft) (Cikajang railway station) [4]
Other
Company
Formerly
Indonesian State Railways (1945-1991)
Indonesian Railway Public Corporation (1991-1998)
State-owned perseroan terbatas
Founded28 September 1945  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Headquarters
Bandung   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
,
Indonesia   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Key people
Didiek Hartantyo
(CEO), Jusman Syafii Djamal
(President Commissioner)
RevenueIncrease2.svg Rp 17.9 trillion (2017) [5]
Increase2.svg Rp 1.72 trillion (2017) [5]
Total assets Increase2.svg Rp 33.5 trillion (2017) [5]
Owner Government of Indonesia
Number of employees
27,396 (2017) [5]
Subsidiaries Kereta Commuter Indonesia
Railink  [ id ]
Kereta Api Logistik  [ id ]
Kereta Api Pariwisata  [ id ]
Kereta Api Property Management  [ id ]
Reska Multi Usaha  [ id ]
Website www.kai.id   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (English: Indonesian Railways Company) is the major operator of public railways in Indonesia. It is completely owned by the government and pays track access charges to the government. One of its subsidiaries, PT KAI Commuter Indonesia (KCI), is operating electrified commuter service in Jakarta metropolitan area from 14 August 2008.

Contents

History

Indonesian Railways Co. is the latest of a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days.

Indonesia gained independence in 1945-1953, the separate systems (except the Deli Railway) were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api. Non-state railway systems in Java retained their paper existence until 1958, when all railway lines in Indonesia were nationalised, including the Deli Railway, thereby creating the Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA: Indonesian State Railway Corporation) on 25 May 1963. [6] [7] On 15 September 1971 the name of PNKA was changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, the Indonesian State Railways). [8] Later then, on 2 January 1991, PJKA was changed its name and status as Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, the Indonesian Railway Public Corporation), [9] [10] and as of 1 June 1999 was converted into a joint-stock company as PT Kereta Api (Persero). [11] On May 2010, the name of "PT KA" was changed to PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI, The Indonesian Railways Company) till present. [12]

The headquarters of the state railway system, are located in Bandung, West Java.

In 2014, Indonesian Railways carried 300 million passengers and 30 million tonnes cargo a year. The prediction is it will be doubled in 5 years. [13]

PT Kereta Api has conducted some export operations with narrow gauge-type trains exported Australia, Malaysia, and Thailand (freight wagons), Bangladesh (passenger wagons) and locomotives and DMUs to the Philippines. [14]

Assets

In order to value assets belong to Indonesian Railways (not the government), internal revaluation of assets has been done by the Ministry of Transportation. Indonesian Railways own Rp.35 trillion ($4.1 billion) as land and Rp.22 trillion ($2.6 billion) as other assets (bridges, signals, etc.). The exact value was to be determined by the end of 2011 or 2012, based on an audit by the Ministry of Finance.

Trackage

The company currently operates two types of railways, i.e. Cape gauge (1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)) and standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)). The 1,067 mm gauge is most common in Java and all regional divisions of Sumatra, while the currently operated Aceh railway uses 1,435 mm gauge. Historically, the company had operated 600 mm gauge and 750 mm gauge for some tramway lines. [2]

The total number of trackage laid in Indonesia was 7,583 kilometres (4,712 mi), although not all lines were in operation at the same time. In 1939, the total operational trackage was 4,588 kilometres (2,851 mi) (It is unclear whether dual gauge tracks were counted once or twice). The present extent of the system is now 5,042 kilometres (3,133 mi) as of 2019, with the Aceh system, most of the West Sumatra system and most former steam tram lines abandoned, but including new tracks built alongside old tracks (double tracking projects).

Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era has been lifted up or abandoned in the 1980s. No major railway construction has since taken place, however, many of the busiest lines have been double tracked. The northern coast area of Java would be double tracked in May 2014 after completion of 68 kilometres Babat-Kandangan-Pasar Turi double trackage from 727 kilometres of Jakarta-Surabaya double tracked, [15] followed by the proposed completion of a 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) double tracking project on the south coast by 2015. [16] [17] On 8 June 2015 Duri-Tangerang double tracks is formally used for KA Commuter Jabodetabek, but it can be also used for airport trains. [18]

Significant projects being considered include:

Future expansion plans of the railway will include linking of existing railway lines in Sumatra from Aceh to Lampung via both west and east coasts of the island. Railway lines are also planned to be built on the currently railway-free islands of Kalimantan [21] and Sulawesi. [22] A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed to build railway around Bali with length of 565 kilometers. [23] Nowadays, the first trackage of the Trans-Sulawesi Railway with a length of 143 kilometres from Makassar to Pare-pare has been initialised with 30 kilometres of land acquisitions and initial construction will be built in June 2015, then 70 kilometres in 2016 and the rest 43 kilometres in 2017. The train is predicted to run in 2018 with trackage wider than in Java to accommodate more weight and speed. The schedule for Pare-pare to Manado trackage will be completed in 5 years after it. [24]

There are also plans to reactivate non-operational railway lines in West Java, such as Bandung-Ciwidey line, intended to ease road traffic congestion; and Rancaekek-Tanjung Sari line. 4 other non-operational lines are still in consideration. [25]

Kedungjati-Tuntang trackage as a part of Semarang-Ambarawa reactivated trackage is the only track in Indonesia without road crossing. It has 8 fly overs or underpasses to make more safety in congested traffic roads, now still underconstruction. [26]

Rolling stock

As of 2016, Indonesian Railways operates:

Indonesian Railways is a major customer of the local railway equipment industry, PT Industri Kereta Api, by using passenger coaches, freight wagons and electric multiple units made by the Madiun-based company.

Indonesian Railways' diesel-electric locomotives are mostly made in United States or Canada, while the diesel-hydraulics are mostly German. Electric multiple units are mostly Japanese-built. Local industry is capable of building multiple units, both diesel and electric.

Locomotives

All locomotives of the Indonesian Railways (with the exception of Steam locomotives for railway tours in Ambarawa) are diesel-engined. Most new locomotives use diesel-electric transmission, while older and lighter ones have hydraulic transmission. A more than 400 locomotives (see below) are in the books, but the actual number of operational locomotives is smaller. A current source mentioned that Indonesian Railways have had 409 units of diesel locomotives. The oldest diesel locomotive in the system dates from 1953.

Based on 2010 Minister of Transportation's Regulation No. 45, all of locomotives using a combination of letters and numbers. A letter or a combination of letters is used to denote the wheel arrangement (currently there are C, D, BB and CC types), and a three-digit number is used to denote the class (2xx for classes with electric transmission and 3xx for classes with hydraulic or mechanical transmission), starting from 0. A two-digit number shows the year of operations, and two- or three-digit after the year shows the running number.

Examples

  • CC 206 13 31: The 7th generation of diesel-electric Co'Co' locomotives, has operated since 2013, and have a running number 31.
  • CC 201 77 01R: The 2nd generation of diesel-electric Co'Co' locomotives, has operated since 1977, and have a running number 01 and has been repowered.
  • BB 304 84 07R: The 5th generation of diesel-hydraulic B'B' locomotives, has operated since 1984, and have a running number 07 and has been repowered.

The steam locomotive classification was directly derived from Japanese practice. Tank locomotives were numbered from the 10s, while tender locomotives from the 50s. Letter combinations were used for articulated locomotives (in the case of Indonesia these were Mallets).

Electric locomotives in Indonesia had always been a minority, and no new electric locomotives had been acquired in the last 70 years. However, electric multiple units have been imported from Japan and elsewhere since 1976. These are operated by the Jabotabek commuter urban transport division of the Indonesian Railways, which has been spun off in August 2008.

May 2011: After changing the rail between Purwosari station and Wonogiri station and also the bridges with R42 (37 kilometres), so line between Sangkrah station, Solo and Wonogiri will be served by heavy electric diesel locomotives. [28]

Indonesian Railways diesel locomotive classes

Named passenger trains

Indonesian Railways runs to classes of named passenger trains on Java, Executive class (class 1) and Business class (class 2), and Economy class (class 3).

Exclusive wagon

Exclusive wagon is luxury wagon which a whole wagon should be rented for a certain route, because the luxury wagon should be attached to the regular train. Exclusive wagon is called as kereta wisata (tourist wagon), Main users of this exclusive cars are the president, vice-president, a group of a company for meeting, big extended family, and group of artists or tourists. The rent fee of a wagon is about Rp  15,000,000 for short trip as Jakarta-Bandung or Jakarta-Cirebon and up to Rp  27,000,000 for trip of Jakarta-Surabaya. All wagons can accommodate 22 passengers, and only 19 passengers for Nusantara wagon with a queen bed. Snacks, meals and drinks are provided for free. [29] And advanced booking with payment should be done due to big animo of the exclusive wagons.

Disability wagons

On 18 October 2014, Indonesian Railways launched Jayabaya train with route Pasar Senen-Surabaya-Malang vice versa (north route on all double track) with 2 disability wagons include toilets for disability persons, wide doors and spacious area for wheel chairs. It will be implemented to other train gradually. [30] [31]

Cargo

To anticipate steady number of passengers, Indonesian Railways has boosted cargo deliveries. At 3 May 2011 Indonesian Railways has tried the line from Cikarang Dry Port to Surabaya vice versa.

Indonesian Railways and Danone Indonesia has made an agreement to carry Danone's water in 2013 to Jakarta. Indonesian Railways will replace the track from R33 to R54 between Cicurug and Sukabumi with length 20 kilometres and spends Rp2 trillion ($222 million). One cargo train can replace 40 to 60 trucks. [32] In addition, Indonesian Railways also serves trains of coal in South Sumatera.

Government has appointed Indonesian Railways to connect Cikarang Dry Port and Tanjung Priok Port to ease heavy traffic jam between two locations. The construction will be initialised in early 2015. Trucks and flatbeds can only run 1.5 trip per day, while a train can carry 40 TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) per trip. [33]

Library wagon

To popularise more about the business, Indonesian Railways will launch Library Wagon (Kereta Pustaka Indonesia) which will display documented company activities, small size assets and books. The library wagon will make exhibition for a week in one station and then move to other station. [34]

Depot and facilities

In front of Indonesian Railways Locomotives and Rolling Stocks Workshop in Jogjakarta. Balai Yasa Jogja.JPG
In front of Indonesian Railways Locomotives and Rolling Stocks Workshop in Jogjakarta.

In Java, PT Kereta Api Indonesia has its main diesel workshop in Pengok, Jogjakarta for maintenance of both diesel electric and diesel hydraulic locomotives. The separate systems in Sumatra has their shops in Lahat (South Sumatra), Padang (West Sumatra) and Pulubrayan (North Sumatra).

Other maintenance facilities are present in Manggarai (Jakarta), Tegal and Gubeng (Surabaya). These are used to repair coaches and wagons.

A large stabling point and maintenance facilities for electric rail cars has been constructed in Depok, West Java.

Motive power depots are located in Medan, Tebing Tinggi, Padang, Padang Panjang, Kertapati, Tanjungkarang, Rangkasbitung, Tanahabang (Jakarta), Jatinegara (Jakarta), Bandung, Banjar, Cibatu, Cirebon, Purwokerto, Cilacap, Kutoarjo, Semarang Poncol, Yogyakarta, Solo Balapan, Cepu, Madiun, Sidotopo (Surabaya), and Jember.

Large area in front of Purwakarta station (formerly a motive power depot) has been used for scrapping area of the unused economy class Electric Multiple Units since 2013, where the non-air-conditioned electrical multiple units had not in service.

Legislation

Railway operations in Indonesia was formerly regulated by the 1992 Indonesian Law No. 13 concerning Railways. This legislation stated that the government operates railways (arts. 4 and 6), delegates operations to an operating body [then the Perumka, and later PT Kereta Api] (art. 6) and provides and maintains railway infrastructure (art. 8). Private companies are allowed to co-operate in operation of railways (art. 6).

From 25 April 2007, the new regulation, 2007 Indonesian Law No. 23 [35] is in effect. There are some changes in railway operators. In this law, track maintenance is handed over to the government (via Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transportation).

The Indonesian government has recently created the Directorate General of Railways, directly answerable to the Ministry of Transportation. This is expected to improve the railway's position vis-à-vis other transportation modes.

The parliament of Indonesia has finished an amendment to the current legislation, which is to allow greater role for private companies and regional governments in providing railway services. However, as yet there are no private operators of railway services.

Joint operation

In December 2011, a memorandum of understanding has been signed between Indonesian Railways and Bombardier Transportation AG related with final assembly of diesel-electric TRAXX Asia Locomotives in Surabaya, East Java begins in early 2012 for Southeast Asia market, including for Indonesian Railways itself. [36]

In early March 2012, both parties GE Transportation and Indonesian Railways have announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding about services and co-operation. All services will be done in Indonesia by Indonesian workers and makes Traction Motor Remanufacturing Center to serve all ASEAN countries. [37]

Heritage sites

In 2012, Indonesian Railways allocated Rp20 billion ($2.2 million) to restore and renovate 20 heritage sites from at least 260 (680 in the future) heritage sites and historical railways on the islands of Java and Sumatra. One of them is Lawang Sewu in Semarang which attracted many tourists which got Rp.1.5 billion ($0.17 million) from tickets revenue per year. [38] [39]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑
  2. 1 2 3 Nasir, Muhammad; Azril, Andi (28 June 2003). "Pembangunan Rel KA Langkat-Banda Aceh Terbengkalai". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  3. ↑ Putra, Aji YK (12 April 2018). "Ini Perbedaan LRT di Palembang dan Jakarta". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  4. ↑ "Mempercantik Kembali Sinyal Stasiun Cikajang-Garut" (in Indonesian). 11 May 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Annual Report" (PDF). Indonesia Railway Company. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  6. ↑ 1963 Indonesian Government's Regulation No. 22
  7. ↑ Harinowo, C.; Purwita, T.; Wibowo; Wiko, G.; Primiana, I.; Sutaryono, P.; Augusta, F. (2019). Kebangkitan BUMN Sektor Perhubungan (SC). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 9.
  8. ↑ [https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/69552/pp-no-61-tahun-1971#:~:text=PP%20No.%2061%20Tahun%201971,Perjan)%20%5BJDIH%20BPK%20RI%5D 1971 Indonesian Government's Regulation No. 61, dated 15 September 1971
  9. ↑ 1990 Indonesian Government's Regulation No. 57
  10. ↑ "Kereta Api Resmi Jadi Perumka". AB. 3 January 1991.
  11. ↑ "Situs Resmi Keterbukaan Informasi Publik | PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)". kip.kai.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 March 2018. KAI didirikan sesuai dengan akta tanggal 1 Juni 1999 No. 2 yang dibuat dihadapan Imas Fatimah, S.H., Sp.N., Notaris di Jakarta, dan kemudian diperbaiki kembali sesuai dengan akta tanggal 13 September 1999 No. 14.
  12. ↑ 2010 The Indonesian Railways Directors' Decree No. 16/OT.203/KA 2010
  13. ↑ "PT KAI Targetkan 600 Juta Penumpang Tahun 2019". 3 January 2015.
  14. ↑ https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/indonesias-burgeoning-railway-diplomacy/
  15. ↑ Asep Munazat Zatnika (25 April 2014). "KA Jalur Ganda Pantura Beroperasi Penuh Akhir Mei".
  16. ↑ "Rp 6t railway project to boost train capacity, economic expansion". 16 September 2011.
  17. ↑ Ainur Rohmah (14 March 2014). "Double track railway expected to be launched in April".
  18. ↑ Max Aging Pribadi (6 July 2015). "Dirjen KA Resmikan Pengoperasian Jalur Ganda Duri-Tangerang".
  19. ↑ Willy Widianto (23 June 2014). "Hore ! Stasiun Matraman akan Dibangun untuk Pengguna KRL Commuter Line".
  20. ↑ Kamis, 19 Mei 2011 – 14:17 WIB. "Pemotongan Jalur KA di Purwakarta Siap Dilakukan | Poskotanews.com". Poskota.co.id. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  21. ↑ PEMBANGUNAN KERETA API TRANS BORNEO Archived 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ http://www.pu.go.id/ditjen_ruang/Makalah/Paper-Sul-KA-150702.doc Archived 12 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ↑ "2015, Bali punya kereta wisata – National Geographic Indonesia". Nationalgeographic.co.id. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  24. ↑ Andri Hajramurni (28 April 2015). "Trans-Sulawesi railway project to begin soon, using Chinese tracks".
  25. ↑ "PT KA DAOP II Hidupkan lagi Perlintasan Mati". 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012.
  26. ↑ "Jalur KA Kedungjati-Tuntang Tanpa Perlintasan Sebidang Pertama di Indonesia". 8 October 2014.
  27. ↑ "BeritaSatu.com - Informasi Kelas Satu". m.beritasatu.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  28. ↑ "Jalur Solo Wonogiri akan Dilayani Kereta Elektrik". Media Indonesia. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  29. ↑ Dewi Rachmat Kusuma. "Mau Rasakan Sensasi Kereta Mewah PT KAI? Ini Tarifnya" . Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  30. ↑ Max Agung Pribadi (18 October 2014). "Dua Gerbong KA Jayabaya Untuk Penyandang Cacat".
  31. ↑ Indonesian Railways Magazine. November 2014. 100th Edition.
  32. ↑ "Beban Jalan Raya Semakin Berat". 12 December 2011.
  33. ↑ Nadya Natahadibrata. "KAI agrees to overtake Priok railway" . Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  34. ↑ PT KAI launches Library Wagon
  35. ↑ http://www.bpkp.go.id/uu/filedownload/2/36/165.bpkp
  36. ↑ "PT KAI Gandeng Perusahaan Jerman". 25 December 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  37. ↑ "Pusat Perawatan Lokomotif ASEAN Dibangun di Indonesia". 3 March 2012.
  38. ↑ "PT KAI to offer 260 heritage sites as tourist attractions". 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012.
  39. ↑ An official site of Heritage Unit of Indonesian Railways Archived 15 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
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