Ischnoderma

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Ischnoderma
Ischnoderma resinosum (Fr.) Karst.jpg
Ischnoderma resinosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Fomitopsidaceae or Ischnodermataceae
Genus:
Ischnoderma

P.Karst. (1879) [1]
Type species
Ischnoderma resinosum
(Schrad.) P.Karst. (1879)
Synonyms [2]

Ischnoderma is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

Ischnoderma was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. [1] Although Ischnoderma has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae, [4] Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales. [5] [6] Justo and colleagues suggest that Ischnoderma would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae, [6] a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981. [7] The generic name Ischnoderma combines the Ancient Greek words ισχνός ("dry") and δέρμα ("skin"). [8]

Chemistry

The type species, I. resinosum , is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown. [9] It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: amaranth, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, and Poly R-478. [10] Ischnoderma benzoinum has antiviral activity against type A influenza virus of birds and humans. [11]

Uses

Young, fleshy specimens of both I. resinosum and I. benzoinum may be cooked and eaten, but the species can become hard and inedible later in life. [12]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyporales</span> Order of fungi

The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyporaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meripilaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Meripilaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982 with Meripilus as the type genus. A 2008 estimate placed 7 genera and 57 species in Meripilaceae. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 74 species in the family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meruliaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phanerochaetaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steccherinaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.

<i>Auriporia</i> Genus of fungi

Auriporia is a small genus of four species of poroid fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.

<i>Climacodon</i> Genus of fungi

Climacodon is a widespread genus of tooth fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.

<i>Irpex</i> Genus of fungi

Irpex is a genus of corticioid fungi in the order Polyporales. Species produce fruit bodies that grow as a crust on the surface of dead hardwoods. The crust features an irpicioid spore-bearing surface, meaning it has irregular and flattened teeth. Irpex is distinguished from the similar genera Junghuhnia and Steccherinum by the simple septa found in the generative hyphae.

<i>Loweomyces</i> Genus of fungi

Loweomyces is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.

<i>Mycorrhaphium</i> Genus of fungi

Mycorrhaphium is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1962. The type species is Mycorrhaphium adustum. Fruit bodies of species in the genus have caps, stipes, and a hydnoid (tooth-like) hymenophore. There is a dimitic hyphal system, where the skeletal hyphae are found only in the tissue of the "teeth", and a lack of cystidia. The spores are smooth, hyaline (translucent), and inamyloid.

<i>Aurantiporus</i> Genus of fungi

Aurantiporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905, the genus contains five species found mostly in northern temperate regions. Molecular analysis of several Aurantiporus species suggests that the genus is not monophyletic, but some other related polypore species need to be sequenced and studied before appropriate taxonomic changes can be made. In 2018, Viktor Papp and Bálint Dima proposed a new genus Odoria to contain Aurantiporus alborubescens based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The generic name is derived from the Latin aurantius ("orange") and the Ancient Greek πόρος (pore).

<i>Datronia</i> Genus of fungi

Datronia is a genus of poroid crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1966, with Datronia mollis as the type species. Datronia fungi cause a white rot in hardwoods. Datronia contains six species found in northern temperate areas. The most recent addition, Datronia ustulatiligna, was described in 2015 from Himachal Pradesh in India.

<i>Leptoporus</i> Genus of fungi

Leptoporus is a genus of polypore fungi. The type species, Leptoporus mollis, is widespread throughout north temperate areas. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words λεπτός ("thin") and πόρος ("pore").

<i>Tyromyces</i> Genus of fungi

Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus, commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gelatoporiaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Gelatoporiaceae are a small family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 2017 by mycologists Otto Miettinen, Alfredo Justo and David Hibbett to contain the type genus Gelatoporia and three other related genera, Cinereomyces, Obba, and Sebipora.

Leifiporia is a genus of two species of poroid white rot crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists in 2016 to accommodate the type species Leifiporia rhizomorpha.

Cerarioporia is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cerarioporia cystidiata, a wood-decaying poroid crust fungus found in tropical China. Cerarioporia resembles fungi placed in the genus Antrodia, but can be distinguished by its waxy to resinous fruit bodies, and microscopically by the thick-walled, encrusted cystidia. Additionally, Cerarioporia causes a white rot, while Antrodia are brown-rot fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irpicaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

Efibula is a genus of 16 species of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 Karsten, P. (1879). "Symbolae ad Mycologiam Fennicam. VI". Meddelanden Af Societas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46.
  2. ↑ "Ischnoderma P. Karst. 1879". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  3. ↑ Pouzar, Z. (1990). "Additional notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Ischnoderma (Polyporaceae)". Ceská Mykologie. 44 (2): 92–100.
  4. 1 2 Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 345. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. ↑ Binder, Manfred; Justo, Alfredo; Riley, Robert; Salamov, Asaf; Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Copeland, Alex; Foster, Brian; Sun, Hui; Larsson, Ellen; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Townsend, Jeffrey; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Hibbett, David S. (2013). "Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales". Mycologia. 105 (6): 1350–1373. doi:10.3852/13-003. PMID   23935031. S2CID   20812924.
  6. 1 2 Justo, Alfredo; Miettinen, Otto; Floudas, Dimitrios; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Lindner, Daniel; Nakasone, Karen; Niemelä, Tuomo; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ryvarden, Leif; Hibbett, David S. (2017). "A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 121 (9): 798–824. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010 . PMID   28800851.
  7. ↑ Jülich, W. (1981). "Higher Taxa of Basidiomycetes". Bibliotheca Mycologica. 85. Vaduz, Germany: J. Cramer: 374.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ↑ Donk, M.A. (1960). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae". Persoonia. 1 (2): 173–302.
  9. ↑ Bessette, A.R.; Bessette, A. (2001). The Rainbow Beneath My Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 106. ISBN   978-0-8156-0680-2.
  10. ↑ Eichlerová, I.; Homolka, L.; Nerud, F. (2006). "Evaluation of synthetic dye decolorization capacity in Ischnoderma resinosum". Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 33 (9): 759–766. doi: 10.1007/s10295-006-0102-7 . PMID   16491363. S2CID   11310827.
  11. ↑ Teplyakova, T.V.; Psurtseva, N.V.; Kosogova, T.A.; Mazurkova, N.A.; Khanin, V.A.; Vlasenko, V.A. (2012). "Antiviral activity of polyporoid mushrooms (higher Basidiomycetes) from Altai Mountains (Russia)". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 14 (1): 37–4. doi:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i1.40. PMID   22339706.
  12. ↑ Meuninck, Jim (2017). Foraging Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms. Falcon Guides. pp. 53–54. ISBN   978-1-4930-2669-2.
  13. ↑ Reid, D.A. (1973). "A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch". South African Journal of Botany. 39 (2): 141–178.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Corner, E.J.H. (1989). Ad Polyporaceae V. Beheifte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 96. Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag. pp. 78–81. ISBN   978-3-443-51018-3.
  15. ↑ Rauschert, S. (1990). "Nomenklatorische Studien bei Höheren Pilzen. II. Porlinge (Polyporales s. lat.)". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (in German). 101: 639–644. doi:10.1002/fedr.4911011114.
  16. ↑ Imazeki, R. (1952). "A contribution to the fungous flora of Dutch New Guinea" (PDF). Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Meguro. 57: 87–128 (see p. 112).
  17. ↑ Buchanan, P.K.; Ryvarden, L. (1988). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae – 18. Species described by G.H. Cunningham". Mycotaxon. 31 (1): 1–38 (see p. 27).
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